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Project Planning for Improvement in a Healthcare Environment: Developing a Prioritization approach to manage patients' access to the Urodynamics exam 改善医疗环境的项目规划:制定优先排序方法来管理患者对尿动力学检查的访问
Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02505
Ana Tereza Lopes Pecora, R. D. Fraga, Angel B. Ruiz, José Roberto Frega, J. E. Pécora
The first in-first out rule does not seem the most appropriated to manage the access of patients to health exams or services such as surgery. Indeed, each patient has his/her level of urgency and, furthermore the utility that each patient retires from the service differs according to several clinical but also risk and social related aspects. The decision of which patient to prioritize is tough because, in the current context where capacity is much lower than demand, choosing one patient means to delay others. Thus, this paper proposes a project methodology to prioritize patients into a Urodynamic service. The methodology, developed by a multidisciplinary team, is applied in a public hospital in Brazil, taking into consideration clinical and social criteria. We interviewed Urodynamics specialists, and a Fuzzy-AHP method is used to compute the weight of each criterion. Our preliminary results show the potential of the proposed methodology and methods, and that not only for the described case, but to other health services facing similar problems.
在管理病人接受健康检查或手术等服务时,“先进先出”的规则似乎不是最合适的。事实上,每个病人都有他/她的紧急程度,此外,每个病人从服务中退休的效用根据几个临床、风险和社会相关方面而有所不同。决定优先考虑哪位患者是困难的,因为在目前能力远远低于需求的情况下,选择一名患者意味着延迟其他患者。因此,本文提出了一个项目方法,优先考虑患者进入尿动力学服务。该方法由一个多学科小组开发,已在巴西一家公立医院应用,同时考虑到临床和社会标准。我们采访了泌尿动力学专家,并使用模糊层次分析法来计算每个标准的权重。我们的初步结果显示了所提出的方法和方法的潜力,不仅适用于所描述的病例,而且适用于面临类似问题的其他卫生服务。
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引用次数: 3
Project finance flight simulator 项目融资飞行模拟器
Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02504
Pedro B. Água, P. Mendes
Project Finance addresses the need to secure large-scale, capital-intensive investments in face of expenditure restraint.  Efficiency and a more logical distribution of risk among stakeholders are major advantages.  The high amounts involved and the usually high proportion of debt—millions, in any currency—call for detailed risk analysis and risk allocation.  In Project Finance there is limited or no recourse over the sponsor's assets and so investors rely on future cash flows for profitability.  Growth prospects are therefore preferred to absolute values at any given time.  However, most investors still decide based on the Net Present Value (NPV) of an opportunity, and use risk-adjusted discount rates to cope with uncertainty.  This additional mark-up can ultimately turn down an otherwise profitable venture.  By making the continuous-time behaviour of cash flows visible, simulation models based on System Dynamics avoids these drawbacks and provides a method to assess and manage financial risks that takes growth into account.
项目融资解决了在面临支出限制时确保大规模资本密集型投资的需要。效率和利益相关者之间更合理的风险分配是主要优势。由于涉及的数额很大,而且债务的比例通常很高——以任何货币计算都是数百万美元——因此需要进行详细的风险分析和风险分配。在项目融资中,对发起人的资产追索权有限或没有追索权,因此投资者依靠未来的现金流来实现盈利。因此,在任何时候,增长前景都比绝对值更重要。然而,大多数投资者仍然根据机会的净现值(NPV)来决定,并使用风险调整后的贴现率来应对不确定性。这种额外的加价最终会使原本有利可图的投资落空。通过使现金流的连续时间行为可见,基于系统动力学的模拟模型避免了这些缺点,并提供了一种评估和管理将增长考虑在内的金融风险的方法。
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引用次数: 0
The fear of flying and the competitiveness of a return to service of the Boeing 737 MAX 对飞行的恐惧以及波音737 MAX恢复服务的竞争力
Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02510
A. Bravo, Darli Rodrigues Vieira, G. Ferrer
Fear of flying has no direct relationship with actual airline or aircraft safety. For those afraid of flying, the choice of an airline ticket and the related airplane is expected to be an important issue. This article uses a methodology to simulate the experience of purchasing unlabeled airline tickets to investigate whether individuals who are afraid of flying unconsciously change their choice depending on the ticket parameters. The Boeing 737 MAX, which became notorious for being grounded due to two recent accidents, was randomly assigned to airline tickets. This aircraft was compared with eight competing alternatives. The results demonstrate that in the event of a return to service, the passenger preference for this aircraft would be low comparable to that for competing modern airplanes that are less known to the North American public. Nonetheless, Boeing products continue to instill a sense of safety and trust in those afraid of flying.
对飞行的恐惧与实际的航空公司或飞机安全没有直接关系。对于那些害怕坐飞机的人来说,选择机票和相关的飞机预计将是一个重要的问题。本文采用一种方法模拟购买无标签机票的体验,研究害怕飞行的个人是否会根据机票参数无意识地改变他们的选择。最近因两起事故而停飞的波音737 MAX被随机分配到机票上。这架飞机与八种相互竞争的备选飞机进行了比较。结果表明,如果恢复服务,乘客对这种飞机的偏好将低于与之竞争的现代飞机,这些飞机不太为北美公众所知。尽管如此,波音的产品仍在给那些害怕飞行的人灌输一种安全感和信任感。
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引用次数: 1
The compelled circumstantial trust in project management environment: validation of the scale model 项目管理环境中的强制性间接信任:比例模型的验证
Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02512
Raphael de Oliveira Albergarias Lopres, Farid El Massiou, B. Bahli
This article investigates the phenomenon of compelled circumstantial trust, which project managers are subject to when performing their functions in the project environment. The objective is to contribute to project manager‘s higher productivity and efficiency. Compelled circumstantial trust is a phenomenon that happens, for instance, when there is a change of any key stakeholder in the project environment, or when a new project manager takes over the project. Therefore, it is necessary to trust the administrative legacy inherited and those who are part of it, which may represent a potential problem for an efficient project management model and become a challenge for the project manager, and ultimately for the sponsor. This article discusses compelled circumstantial trust and presents a validated scale, together with a set of practices that aims to improve the performance of project managers in the exercise of their duties, while keeping the privileges and particularities of their role.
本文研究了项目经理在项目环境中履行其职能时所受到的强制性间接信任现象。目标是帮助项目经理提高生产力和效率。强制环境信任是一种发生的现象,例如,当项目环境中的任何关键利益相关者发生变化时,或者当新的项目经理接管项目时。因此,有必要信任所继承的行政遗产和其中的一部分,这可能是一个有效的项目管理模式的潜在问题,并成为项目经理,最终对发起人的挑战。本文讨论了强制的间接信任,并给出了一个有效的尺度,以及一组旨在提高项目经理在履行其职责时的绩效,同时保持其角色的特权和特殊性的实践。
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引用次数: 2
Strategic Alignment of Information Technology Initiatives in a Scaled Agile Environment 规模化敏捷环境中信息技术计划的战略一致性
Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02501
Yvan Petit, C. Marnewick
Scaled Agile introduces challenges that confront organisations. One of these challenges is how initiatives are aligned with the organisational strategies in frameworks such as SAFe. Nineten interviews were conducted within a case that has implemented a scaled Agile framework. The purpose was to determine how this framework was implemented and to assess how information technology (IT) initiatives are aligned with the corporate strategies. The results indicate that IT initiatives are aligned with the strategies but that two approaches are used. Future research will focus on benefits realisation within a scaled Agile environment.
规模化敏捷引入了组织所面临的挑战。其中一个挑战是如何在SAFe等框架中使举措与组织战略保持一致。我们在一个实现了规模化敏捷框架的案例中进行了19次访谈。目的是确定如何实现该框架,并评估信息技术(IT)计划如何与公司战略保持一致。结果表明,IT计划与战略是一致的,但是使用了两种方法。未来的研究将集中在规模敏捷环境中的利益实现上。
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引用次数: 4
Towards a hybrid project management framework: A systematic literature review on traditional, agile and hybrid techniques 迈向混合项目管理框架:对传统、敏捷和混合技术的系统文献回顾
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02410
E. Papadakis, Loukas K. Tsironis
It is the state of the practice in these turbulent times to combine different approaches and project management methods into hybrid and adaptive methods according to the specific needs of the project and the project team. The objective of the present work is to investigate this practice conducting a systematic literature review on project management methods, hybrid agile methods, method tailoring and innovative processes to tailor methodologies. We applied a systematic analysis of the existent research published during period 2000 – 2020 following similar approaches of several scholars. 1.121 articles published from 2000 until 2020 were collected after exhaustive literature search. However, 98 of them were selected for further investigation according to the criteria selection. Results provide key insights and background on agile project management frameworks as well as challenges and best practices implementing an inhouse hybrid agile project management framework. We anticipate the present work to constitute a useful source of information to PM scientists and practitioners. Results identify new dimensions emerging of the synthesis of project management aspects and provide key insights on traditional and agile project management frameworks as well as challenges and best practices implementing an inhouse tailored hybrid agile project management framework. This work contributes to the body of knowledge about the organization mainly of agile and hybrid approaches. We analyzed the found descriptions thoroughly regarding their characteristics and their organization.
根据项目和项目团队的具体需求,将不同的方法和项目管理方法组合成混合的和自适应的方法,这是在这个动荡时期的实践状态。当前工作的目标是通过对项目管理方法、混合敏捷方法、方法裁剪和裁剪方法的创新过程进行系统的文献综述来调查这种实践。我们对2000年至2020年期间发表的现有研究进行了系统分析,并采用了几位学者的类似方法。通过详尽的文献检索,收集了2000 - 2020年间发表的1.121篇文章。然而,根据标准选择,其中98人被选中进行进一步调查。结果提供了敏捷项目管理框架的关键见解和背景,以及实现内部混合敏捷项目管理框架的挑战和最佳实践。我们期望目前的工作构成一个有用的信息来源,PM科学家和从业者。结果确定了项目管理方面综合的新维度,并提供了关于传统和敏捷项目管理框架的关键见解,以及实现内部定制的混合敏捷项目管理框架的挑战和最佳实践。这项工作为组织的知识体系做出了贡献,主要是敏捷和混合方法。我们对发现的描述进行了深入的分析,分析了它们的特征和组织。
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引用次数: 10
Lean and Agile Project Management: an overview of the literature exploring complementarities 精益和敏捷项目管理:探讨互补性的文献综述
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02408
Paula de Oliveira Santos, M. M. Carvalho
This study approaches the scenario of the literature on Lean an Agile Project Management, exploring synergies and complementarities, tools and practices. It is a literature review, applying bibliometric analysis of networks generated using VOSViewer Software and content analysis that explores a coding schema, draw through an in-depth analysis of the selected papers. The results show that Agile Project Management is becoming spreadably used; however, Lean Project Management still faces diffusion difficulties beyond the construction sector. For theory, it provides an overview of the literature, exploring methods, tools, and values of both approaches, pointing out the research opportunities and gaps. For practice, it identifies the main tools and the organizational contexts for applying Agile and Lean Project Management, helping in decision-making.
本研究接近关于精益和敏捷项目管理的文献场景,探索协同作用和互补性,工具和实践。这是一篇文献综述,使用VOSViewer软件对生成的网络进行文献计量分析,并通过对选定论文的深入分析,对编码模式进行内容分析。结果表明,敏捷项目管理正在得到广泛应用;然而,精益项目管理在建筑行业之外仍然面临着推广的困难。在理论方面,它提供了文献综述,探索方法,工具和两种方法的价值,指出研究机会和差距。对于实践,它确定了应用敏捷和精益项目管理的主要工具和组织环境,有助于决策。
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引用次数: 0
System Dynamic Modelling of Cost and Schedule Performance of Space Projects 航天项目成本与进度绩效的系统动态建模
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02401
J. C. Guerrero, M. Emes, R. Ascencio
Like complex projects in other sectors, space projects frequently exceed cost and schedule performance targets. Reasons frequently cited for this include excessive optimism at the start of projects, political interference, technology development challenges such as design flaws and rework, changes to the work content during the project, and integration issues. Problems with progress can rarely be isolated to just one aspect of a project or system, however, and decisions taken in one part of a project to remedy a perceived problem may have unanticipated consequences later, elsewhere in the project. Based on data from a space science institute, this research presents a model of project progress to understand the effectiveness of the strategies available to managers of complex instrumentation projects. The paper focuses on the decision making around staffing when progress falls behind schedule and finds that practical challenges in expanding capacity in a team may mean that schedule slippages experienced early in the project lifecycle are unlikely ever to be reversed, even if additional resources are made available. This reinforces the importance of comprehensive risk analysis, thorough cost and schedule estimating at the start of the project, and the availability of realistic funding from the outset.
与其他部门的复杂项目一样,空间项目经常超出成本和进度绩效目标。经常被引用的原因包括项目开始时的过度乐观、政治干预、技术开发挑战(如设计缺陷和返工)、项目期间工作内容的更改以及集成问题。然而,进度中的问题很少会被孤立到项目或系统的一个方面,并且在项目的一个部分中采取的纠正感知到的问题的决策可能会在项目的其他地方产生意想不到的后果。基于空间科学研究所的数据,本研究提出了一个项目进展模型,以了解复杂仪器项目管理者可用策略的有效性。本文关注的是当进度落后于计划时围绕人员配置的决策制定,并发现在团队中扩展能力的实际挑战可能意味着在项目生命周期早期经历的计划滑移不太可能被逆转,即使提供了额外的资源。这加强了在项目开始时进行全面风险分析、彻底的成本和进度估计以及从一开始就获得实际资金的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
The Internet of Things (IoT) upheaval: overcoming management challenges 物联网剧变:克服管理挑战
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02402
V. Prasher, S. Onu
Products based on the Internet of Things (IoT) concept use a combination of physical devices embedded with sensors, other electronic hardware, software and the Internet to utilize meaningful data. Recently there has been a boom in IoT projects, but many of these projects are failing. One of the major reasons for this failure is a lack of specific project management methodologies that appropriately deal with the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of IoT projects. This article looks at the existing literature to find business, management and technical issues with these projects. In order to find solutions to these issues, various IoT stakeholders were surveyed and asked about which tools, processes and management strategies they find most useful. Ultimately, the goal of this article is to provide detailed knowledge about the existing IoT management philosophies, tools and their challenges, pros and cons, and how to scale these to improve the success rate of such projects.
基于物联网(IoT)概念的产品使用嵌入传感器的物理设备,其他电子硬件,软件和互联网的组合来利用有意义的数据。最近,物联网项目蓬勃发展,但其中许多项目都失败了。这种失败的主要原因之一是缺乏适当处理物联网项目的复杂性和跨学科性质的具体项目管理方法。本文着眼于现有的文献,以发现这些项目的业务、管理和技术问题。为了找到这些问题的解决方案,我们对各种物联网利益相关者进行了调查,并询问了他们认为最有用的工具、流程和管理策略。最终,本文的目标是提供有关现有物联网管理理念、工具及其挑战、利弊的详细知识,以及如何扩展这些知识以提高此类项目的成功率。
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引用次数: 3
Project Governance, An essay on the business policy approach as applied to the governance of megaprojects 项目治理,一篇关于应用于大型项目治理的业务策略方法的文章
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.19255/JMPM02406
Pedro B. Água, A. Morgado
The literature addressing the subject of projects and megaprojects governance is somewhat incipient and ambiguous. This work aims at a discussion of the possible contribution of the business policy approach as a means to overcome this gap in the practical governance of megaprojects. The category of megaprojects was chosen because they are organizations with some resemblance to companies in the wider sense of the word, despite some fundamental differences. Within the scope of megaprojects, we find a governance architecture that parallels the double tier of traditional corporate governance models. Project directors usually have a team similar to that of traditional companies. This can be envisioned as the executive board or managing structure of a traditional company. But these sorts of projects generally have a project steering committee, which is a non-executive governing structure addressing the scope of the project and which broadly considered might be compared with the non-executive board (or supervisory council) from traditional organizations. We propose for discussion an example of double tier project governance, approached from a business policy viewpoint, distinguishing executive from non-executive roles. The text ends by addressing the institutional configuration area of business policy in the context of megaprojects, as well as a reflexion on the validity of the points of view proposed.
关于项目和大型项目治理主题的文献在某种程度上是早期的和模糊的。这项工作旨在讨论商业政策方法的可能贡献,作为克服大型项目实际治理中这一差距的手段。之所以选择“大型项目”这一类别,是因为这些组织与广义上的公司有一些相似之处,尽管存在一些根本性的差异。在大型项目的范围内,我们发现了一种与传统公司治理模型的双层结构相似的治理体系结构。项目主管通常拥有一个与传统公司类似的团队。这可以设想为传统公司的执行董事会或管理结构。但是这类项目通常有一个项目指导委员会,这是一个解决项目范围的非执行管理结构,广泛考虑可以与传统组织的非执行董事会(或监督委员会)进行比较。我们建议讨论一个双层项目治理的例子,从业务策略的角度出发,区分执行和非执行角色。本文最后讨论了大型项目背景下商业政策的机构配置领域,并对所提出观点的有效性进行了反思。
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引用次数: 0
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The Journal of Modern Project Management
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