E. Verduci, Matilde Amatruda, S. Vizzuso, V. Fabiano, E. Borghi, G. Zuccotti
: Introduction: Obesity is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic alterations. Recent researches suggested that gut microbiota plays a role in its pathogenesis, as obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/R ratio) compared to normal‐weight condition. Such alterations can affect metabolite production (mainly short-chain fatty acids) having an impact on inflammatory markers modulation and insulin secretion. Objectives and study : To determine the effect of 4 months 500 mg/day DHA supplementation, combined with dietary and lifestyle intervention, on gut microbiota and biochemical parameters. Methods: Twelve Caucasian obese children (5 males, 7 females), aged 6-14 years (mean age 10 y), were enrolled. Study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Commitee and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04151758). Blood and stool samples
{"title":"Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation on Microbiota in Obese ChiLdrEn: a pilot study. (The DAMOCLE study).","authors":"E. Verduci, Matilde Amatruda, S. Vizzuso, V. Fabiano, E. Borghi, G. Zuccotti","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07012","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction: Obesity is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic alterations. Recent researches suggested that gut microbiota plays a role in its pathogenesis, as obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/R ratio) compared to normal‐weight condition. Such alterations can affect metabolite production (mainly short-chain fatty acids) having an impact on inflammatory markers modulation and insulin secretion. Objectives and study : To determine the effect of 4 months 500 mg/day DHA supplementation, combined with dietary and lifestyle intervention, on gut microbiota and biochemical parameters. Methods: Twelve Caucasian obese children (5 males, 7 females), aged 6-14 years (mean age 10 y), were enrolled. Study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Commitee and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04151758). Blood and stool samples","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125798586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Proteins, peptides and amino acids (AAs) that bypass upper gastrointestinal (GI) digestion can be fermented in the colonic regions. This could lead to microbial production of health promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Nitrogenous compounds can also be fermented to generate potentially harmful branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs). As collagen hydrolysate (CH) supplements contain a high peptide content, we evaluated whether peptides that undergo intestinal CH digestion and microbial fermentation can generate SCFAs and BCFAs. Two bovine-sourced CH formulations (CH-GL and CH-OPT) underwent digestive processes and microbial fermentation for 24 h in a dynamic GI digestion model containing human fecal matter. After 24 h, CH-OPT showed a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in SCFAs (propionic, butyric and valeric acids) in the ascending colonic vessel with no changes observed with CH-GL. Only CH-OPT showed a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in BCFAs, also noted in the ascending colon. No significant ( p < 0.05) changes to SCFAs and BCFAs were observed in the transverse and descending colons for both CHs. These findings demonstrate that CHs can induce microbial production of SCFAs and BCFAs although this appears to depend on the CH tested. More studies are needed to determine the physiological significance of these microbial metabolites from intake of CH supplements.
{"title":"Dynamic Multi-Stage Gastrointestinal Digestion Model Assessment of Microbial Fermentation Products of Collagen Hydrolysates","authors":"C. E. Larder, M. Iskandar, S. Kubow","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06998","url":null,"abstract":": Proteins, peptides and amino acids (AAs) that bypass upper gastrointestinal (GI) digestion can be fermented in the colonic regions. This could lead to microbial production of health promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Nitrogenous compounds can also be fermented to generate potentially harmful branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs). As collagen hydrolysate (CH) supplements contain a high peptide content, we evaluated whether peptides that undergo intestinal CH digestion and microbial fermentation can generate SCFAs and BCFAs. Two bovine-sourced CH formulations (CH-GL and CH-OPT) underwent digestive processes and microbial fermentation for 24 h in a dynamic GI digestion model containing human fecal matter. After 24 h, CH-OPT showed a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in SCFAs (propionic, butyric and valeric acids) in the ascending colonic vessel with no changes observed with CH-GL. Only CH-OPT showed a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in BCFAs, also noted in the ascending colon. No significant ( p < 0.05) changes to SCFAs and BCFAs were observed in the transverse and descending colons for both CHs. These findings demonstrate that CHs can induce microbial production of SCFAs and BCFAs although this appears to depend on the CH tested. More studies are needed to determine the physiological significance of these microbial metabolites from intake of CH supplements.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116215072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Y. Meng, R. Abas, Nurmawati Syakroni, N. D. A. Razak, N. H. M. Nor, S. Asri, S. Salihan, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Suryati Mohd. Thani, A. Saat
: Albizia myriophylla (ABZ) is a plant used in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The antioxidant activities of ABZ have been suggested as one of the mechanisms for the observed beneficial effects. Hence, this study examined the phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents and antioxidant activity from methanol extract (ME) and its derived fractions hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), butanol (BE), and aqueous fraction of the bark of ABZ (AE). Amongst the extracts, EAE showed the highest total phenolic content of about 0.77 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract (mg GAE/mg). However, the highest flavonoid content was detected in HE at 1.04 µg retinol equivalent ((RE)/g extract), while the saponin content was highest in CE at 1.1 µg diosgenin equivalent ((DE)/g extract). In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, EAE at 100 µg/mL had the highest percentage of inhibition of about 72.55%. 2-2 ′ -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS radical scavenging test) showed BE had the highest percentage of inhibition at 100 µg/mL at 82.91%. Ferric reducing antioxidant power elucidated BE as having the highest percentage of inhibition which was 86.04% followed closely by ME at 85.90%. Thus, the different extracts of ABZ displayed various antioxidant capacity with probable free radical scavenging activity, which may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory related metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity.
{"title":"EVALUATION AND DETERMINATIONS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF ALBIZIA MYRIOPHYLLA BARK","authors":"G. Y. Meng, R. Abas, Nurmawati Syakroni, N. D. A. Razak, N. H. M. Nor, S. Asri, S. Salihan, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Suryati Mohd. Thani, A. Saat","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07004","url":null,"abstract":": Albizia myriophylla (ABZ) is a plant used in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The antioxidant activities of ABZ have been suggested as one of the mechanisms for the observed beneficial effects. Hence, this study examined the phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents and antioxidant activity from methanol extract (ME) and its derived fractions hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), butanol (BE), and aqueous fraction of the bark of ABZ (AE). Amongst the extracts, EAE showed the highest total phenolic content of about 0.77 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract (mg GAE/mg). However, the highest flavonoid content was detected in HE at 1.04 µg retinol equivalent ((RE)/g extract), while the saponin content was highest in CE at 1.1 µg diosgenin equivalent ((DE)/g extract). In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, EAE at 100 µg/mL had the highest percentage of inhibition of about 72.55%. 2-2 ′ -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS radical scavenging test) showed BE had the highest percentage of inhibition at 100 µg/mL at 82.91%. Ferric reducing antioxidant power elucidated BE as having the highest percentage of inhibition which was 86.04% followed closely by ME at 85.90%. Thus, the different extracts of ABZ displayed various antioxidant capacity with probable free radical scavenging activity, which may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory related metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114385702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balan, A. Abidin, K. Perumal, N. Shafie, M. Abdullah, A. Jasni, Khairul Kamilah Abd. Kadir, H. Bahari
: T he purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Elateriospermum tapos aqueous extract supplementation on serum leptin of male offspring at weaning. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to two groups, where the control group (CG) consisted of six rats and the remaining rats had obesity-induced over five weeks with a high-fat diet pellet and cafeteria food. After five weeks, the obese group was further divided into four groups, a negative control group (NG), positive control group (PG) (orlistat 200 mg/kg), treatment 1 (TX1) (200 mg/kg BW of E. tapos seed) and treatment 2 (TX2) (200 mg/kg BW of E. tapos shell) for 6 weeks. After six weeks, all rats were mated and continued with their respective diet till weaning. One male pup from each dam culled at weaning (postnatal day 21 (PND21)). The results show that body weight in male offspring (M) from negative group dams (NG) was significantly heavier as compared to other pup groups. Total adipose tissue weight in MTX1 and MTX2 of the male offspring was also significantly lower compared to MNG. In mums, serum leptin of NG was significantly higher as compared to the CG group, whereas both treatment groups showed a significant reduction in serum leptin compared to the NG group. In pups, the MTX2 group showed a more substantial reduction in body weight and serum leptin compared to other pups from other mother’s groups. In conclusion, E. tapos aqueous extract supplementation has a greater effect on ameliorating maternal obesity effects on male offspring by lowering body weight, inhibit fat deposition, and reducing serum leptin. from an obese dam show a high level of serum concentration leptin compared to E. tapos treated group pups. The current study indicates that E. tapos shell is more effective compared to seed in helping to reduce the body weight, adipose accumulation and also the leptin levels.
{"title":"Elacteriospermum tapos ameliorates maternal obesity effect on serum leptin changes in male offspring","authors":"S. Balan, A. Abidin, K. Perumal, N. Shafie, M. Abdullah, A. Jasni, Khairul Kamilah Abd. Kadir, H. Bahari","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07007","url":null,"abstract":": T he purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Elateriospermum tapos aqueous extract supplementation on serum leptin of male offspring at weaning. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to two groups, where the control group (CG) consisted of six rats and the remaining rats had obesity-induced over five weeks with a high-fat diet pellet and cafeteria food. After five weeks, the obese group was further divided into four groups, a negative control group (NG), positive control group (PG) (orlistat 200 mg/kg), treatment 1 (TX1) (200 mg/kg BW of E. tapos seed) and treatment 2 (TX2) (200 mg/kg BW of E. tapos shell) for 6 weeks. After six weeks, all rats were mated and continued with their respective diet till weaning. One male pup from each dam culled at weaning (postnatal day 21 (PND21)). The results show that body weight in male offspring (M) from negative group dams (NG) was significantly heavier as compared to other pup groups. Total adipose tissue weight in MTX1 and MTX2 of the male offspring was also significantly lower compared to MNG. In mums, serum leptin of NG was significantly higher as compared to the CG group, whereas both treatment groups showed a significant reduction in serum leptin compared to the NG group. In pups, the MTX2 group showed a more substantial reduction in body weight and serum leptin compared to other pups from other mother’s groups. In conclusion, E. tapos aqueous extract supplementation has a greater effect on ameliorating maternal obesity effects on male offspring by lowering body weight, inhibit fat deposition, and reducing serum leptin. from an obese dam show a high level of serum concentration leptin compared to E. tapos treated group pups. The current study indicates that E. tapos shell is more effective compared to seed in helping to reduce the body weight, adipose accumulation and also the leptin levels.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117032387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a prevalent micronutrient insufficiency. Although the gut is a vital organ for Zn utilization, and Zn deficiency is associated with impaired intestinal permeability and a global decrease in gastrointestinal health, alterations in the gut microbial ecology of the host under conditions of Zn deficiency have yet to be studied. By conducting a series of long-term in vivo ( Gallus gallus ) feeding trials, we aimed to characterize distinct cecal microbiota shifts induced by chronic dietary Zn depletion in the context of complete diets based on Zn-biofortified food crops that are relevant to target populations, and in geographical regions where dietary Zn deficiency is a major health concern. We demonstrate that Zn deficiency induces significant taxonomic alterations and decreases overall species richness and diversity, establishing a microbial profile resembling that of various other pathological states. Through metagenomic analysis, we show that the predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways responsible for macro-and micronutrient uptake are significantly depleted under Zn deficiency; along with concomitant decreases in beneficial short-chain fatty acids, such depletions may further preclude optimal host Zn availability. We also identify several candidate microbes that may play a significant role in modulating the bioavailability and utilization of dietary Zn during prolonged deficiency. Our results are the first to characterize a unique and dysbiotic cecal microbiota during Zn deficiency, and they provide evidence for such microbial perturbations as potential effectors of the Zn-deficient phenotype.
{"title":"Chronic Dietary Zinc Deficiency Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function","authors":"O. Koren, E. Tako","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06993","url":null,"abstract":": Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a prevalent micronutrient insufficiency. Although the gut is a vital organ for Zn utilization, and Zn deficiency is associated with impaired intestinal permeability and a global decrease in gastrointestinal health, alterations in the gut microbial ecology of the host under conditions of Zn deficiency have yet to be studied. By conducting a series of long-term in vivo ( Gallus gallus ) feeding trials, we aimed to characterize distinct cecal microbiota shifts induced by chronic dietary Zn depletion in the context of complete diets based on Zn-biofortified food crops that are relevant to target populations, and in geographical regions where dietary Zn deficiency is a major health concern. We demonstrate that Zn deficiency induces significant taxonomic alterations and decreases overall species richness and diversity, establishing a microbial profile resembling that of various other pathological states. Through metagenomic analysis, we show that the predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways responsible for macro-and micronutrient uptake are significantly depleted under Zn deficiency; along with concomitant decreases in beneficial short-chain fatty acids, such depletions may further preclude optimal host Zn availability. We also identify several candidate microbes that may play a significant role in modulating the bioavailability and utilization of dietary Zn during prolonged deficiency. Our results are the first to characterize a unique and dysbiotic cecal microbiota during Zn deficiency, and they provide evidence for such microbial perturbations as potential effectors of the Zn-deficient phenotype.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123372766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Population data indicate that consumption of common bean reduces breast cancer risk, an effect replicated in a well characterized rodent model of mammary carcinogenesis. However, low molecular weight fractions of bean failed to inhibit growth of established breast cancer cell lines. Given that cell culture screens for anticancer activity are designed to detect a decrease in cell number accumulation, we reasoned that it might be possible to create a cell number accumulation assay for screening foods such as common bean in vivo by using an oncogene driven model for breast cancer. A benefit of this approach is that it permits simultaneous detection of systemic effects in the host and their potential mediation by the gut microbiome. We report an in vivo mammary cell accumulation assay driven by the polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) oncogene and show that bean feeding reduced the accumulation of cells in developing mammary pathologies. As a candidate mediator, we report the impact of bean consumption on the gut associated microbiome. Differences were observed between common bean and the control diet in microbial phylogenetic diversity, beta diversity, abundance of various taxa, and predicted functional activity.
{"title":"Effect of common bean consumption on the gut associated microbiome in an in vivo screening model for breast cancer","authors":"H. Thompson, J. McGinley, E. Neil, T. Weir","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07008","url":null,"abstract":": Population data indicate that consumption of common bean reduces breast cancer risk, an effect replicated in a well characterized rodent model of mammary carcinogenesis. However, low molecular weight fractions of bean failed to inhibit growth of established breast cancer cell lines. Given that cell culture screens for anticancer activity are designed to detect a decrease in cell number accumulation, we reasoned that it might be possible to create a cell number accumulation assay for screening foods such as common bean in vivo by using an oncogene driven model for breast cancer. A benefit of this approach is that it permits simultaneous detection of systemic effects in the host and their potential mediation by the gut microbiome. We report an in vivo mammary cell accumulation assay driven by the polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) oncogene and show that bean feeding reduced the accumulation of cells in developing mammary pathologies. As a candidate mediator, we report the impact of bean consumption on the gut associated microbiome. Differences were observed between common bean and the control diet in microbial phylogenetic diversity, beta diversity, abundance of various taxa, and predicted functional activity.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"67 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126404700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Rationale: Intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in the human body. A range of negative factors may lead to dysbiosis, which results in many diseases (e.g., cancer) and metabolic disorders. It was shown that people with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m 2 present diminished microbial diversity. Additional negative factors such as stress, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and proton pomp inhibitors (PPI) may result in greater dysbiosis compared to people with normal body mass. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of negative factors affecting the intestinal microbiota in people with excessive body mass vs. people with normal body mass. Methods: The study involved volunteers aged 18–65 years: 582 people with normal BMI (18.5–24.99 kg/m 2 ) and 538 people with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . The study was conducted using the author’s survey by the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method. The survey included the questions on sociodemographic features, level of physical activity, frequency of smoking, and stress. Frequency of NSAID and PPI use was also investigated. BMI was used to assess nutritional status. For statistics the Fisher test was implemented. p -Value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Women predominated in the study ( p < 0.0001). People with normal BMI had a significantly higher level of physical activity ( p < 0.0001) and smoked less ( p = 0.0356). People with excessive body mass were less likely to report illness ( p = 0.0004), but more often they took PPI ( p = 0.0337). Conclusions: People with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 present more factors which may result in dysbiosis and lead to dysbiosis-related health problems in future compared to people with normal BMI.
{"title":"Assessment of negative factors affecting the intestinal microbiota in people with excessive body mass compared to people with normal body mass","authors":"K. Osowiecka, N. Pokorna, D. Skrypnik","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07010","url":null,"abstract":": Rationale: Intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in the human body. A range of negative factors may lead to dysbiosis, which results in many diseases (e.g., cancer) and metabolic disorders. It was shown that people with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m 2 present diminished microbial diversity. Additional negative factors such as stress, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and proton pomp inhibitors (PPI) may result in greater dysbiosis compared to people with normal body mass. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of negative factors affecting the intestinal microbiota in people with excessive body mass vs. people with normal body mass. Methods: The study involved volunteers aged 18–65 years: 582 people with normal BMI (18.5–24.99 kg/m 2 ) and 538 people with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . The study was conducted using the author’s survey by the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method. The survey included the questions on sociodemographic features, level of physical activity, frequency of smoking, and stress. Frequency of NSAID and PPI use was also investigated. BMI was used to assess nutritional status. For statistics the Fisher test was implemented. p -Value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Women predominated in the study ( p < 0.0001). People with normal BMI had a significantly higher level of physical activity ( p < 0.0001) and smoked less ( p = 0.0356). People with excessive body mass were less likely to report illness ( p = 0.0004), but more often they took PPI ( p = 0.0337). Conclusions: People with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 present more factors which may result in dysbiosis and lead to dysbiosis-related health problems in future compared to people with normal BMI.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126680323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias, M. Massot-Cladera, Sheila Estruel-Amades, F. Pérez-Cano, M. Castell
: Lifestyle, including regular physical activity and dietary habits, influences microbiota composition. Although some studies have demonstrated changes in microbiota composition due to moderate or high intensity training in athletes, the relationship between physical activity and changes in the intestinal bacteria is still a matter of discussion. In addition, as most studies are performed on males, the role of sexual dimorphism deserves to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to ascertain the influence of an intensive training and the rat’s sex on caecal microbiota composition. For this purpose, female and male 4-week-old Wistar rats were submitted to a 4-week running training program. At the end, caecal samples were collected immediately after performing an exhaustion test to characterize the microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Parallel groups of female and male sedentary (SED) rats (age matched) were included. The results showed that young female rats had a higher ability to run than males but no sex- or training-associated changes were observed on microbiota diversity and richness indexes among groups. However, the Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium spp. proportions were significantly higher in male than in female rats when comparing SED groups ( p < 0.05), whose proportions in males were decreased by the training program ( p < 0.05 vs. SED). On the contrary, female SED rats showed a higher proportion of Odoribacteraceae (belonging to Bacteroidetes), Clostridiaceae and Eubacteriaceae (both Firmicutes) than in the respective male group ( p < 0.05), although Eubacteriaceae proportion decreased by running ( p < 0.05 vs. SED). However, training increased the proportion of the Paraeggerthella genus (Actinobacteria) in female rats with respect to its sedentary counterpart ( p < 0.05). Overall, caecal microbiota composition is modified by intensive training in young rats but there are also sex-based differences that should be considered for interventional studies.
{"title":"Intensive training and sex influence intestinal microbiota composition: a preclinical approach","authors":"Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias, M. Massot-Cladera, Sheila Estruel-Amades, F. Pérez-Cano, M. Castell","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06989","url":null,"abstract":": Lifestyle, including regular physical activity and dietary habits, influences microbiota composition. Although some studies have demonstrated changes in microbiota composition due to moderate or high intensity training in athletes, the relationship between physical activity and changes in the intestinal bacteria is still a matter of discussion. In addition, as most studies are performed on males, the role of sexual dimorphism deserves to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to ascertain the influence of an intensive training and the rat’s sex on caecal microbiota composition. For this purpose, female and male 4-week-old Wistar rats were submitted to a 4-week running training program. At the end, caecal samples were collected immediately after performing an exhaustion test to characterize the microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Parallel groups of female and male sedentary (SED) rats (age matched) were included. The results showed that young female rats had a higher ability to run than males but no sex- or training-associated changes were observed on microbiota diversity and richness indexes among groups. However, the Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium spp. proportions were significantly higher in male than in female rats when comparing SED groups ( p < 0.05), whose proportions in males were decreased by the training program ( p < 0.05 vs. SED). On the contrary, female SED rats showed a higher proportion of Odoribacteraceae (belonging to Bacteroidetes), Clostridiaceae and Eubacteriaceae (both Firmicutes) than in the respective male group ( p < 0.05), although Eubacteriaceae proportion decreased by running ( p < 0.05 vs. SED). However, training increased the proportion of the Paraeggerthella genus (Actinobacteria) in female rats with respect to its sedentary counterpart ( p < 0.05). Overall, caecal microbiota composition is modified by intensive training in young rats but there are also sex-based differences that should be considered for interventional studies.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132399776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rosés, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, Salvador Quintana, J. Riezu-Boj, J. Martínez, F. Milagro, Anna Barceló
: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recognised as one of the healthiest diets worldwide and is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, among others. Dietary habits are considered one of the strongest modulators of the gut microbiota, which seems to play a significant role in the health and disease of the host. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate interactive associations between gut microbiota composition and habitual dietary intake in 360 Spanish adults of the Obekit cohort (normal weight, overweight and obese subjects). Dietary intake and adherence to the MD tests together with faecal samples were collected from each subject. Faecal 16S rRNA sequencing was performed and checked against the dietary habits. MetagenomeSeq was the statistical tool applied to analyse at the species taxonomic level. Results from this study confirm that a strong adherence to the MD increases the population of some beneficial bacteria, improving microbiota status towards a healthier pattern. Bifidobacterium animalis is the species with the strongest association with the MD. One of the highlights is the positive association between several SCFA-producing bacteria and high adherence to the MD. In conclusion, this study shows that MD, fibre, legumes, vegetables, fruit and nuts intakes are associated with an increase in butyrate-producing taxa such as Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus bromii and Oscillospira (Flavonifractor) plautii .
{"title":"Bacterial taxa associated with adherence to Mediterranean diet in a Spanish population","authors":"C. Rosés, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, Salvador Quintana, J. Riezu-Boj, J. Martínez, F. Milagro, Anna Barceló","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07001","url":null,"abstract":": The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recognised as one of the healthiest diets worldwide and is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, among others. Dietary habits are considered one of the strongest modulators of the gut microbiota, which seems to play a significant role in the health and disease of the host. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate interactive associations between gut microbiota composition and habitual dietary intake in 360 Spanish adults of the Obekit cohort (normal weight, overweight and obese subjects). Dietary intake and adherence to the MD tests together with faecal samples were collected from each subject. Faecal 16S rRNA sequencing was performed and checked against the dietary habits. MetagenomeSeq was the statistical tool applied to analyse at the species taxonomic level. Results from this study confirm that a strong adherence to the MD increases the population of some beneficial bacteria, improving microbiota status towards a healthier pattern. Bifidobacterium animalis is the species with the strongest association with the MD. One of the highlights is the positive association between several SCFA-producing bacteria and high adherence to the MD. In conclusion, this study shows that MD, fibre, legumes, vegetables, fruit and nuts intakes are associated with an increase in butyrate-producing taxa such as Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus bromii and Oscillospira (Flavonifractor) plautii .","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133057881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Carletti, C. Cardoso, Diana Julião, J. Arteaga, P. Chainho, M. Dionísio, S. Sales, M. Gaudêncio, I. Ferreira, C. Afonso, H. Lourenço, M. Cancela, N. Bandarra, P. Gavaia
In the present work, we aimed to explore the potential of two groups of marine invertebrates—sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) and ascidians (Chordata)—as sources of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and osteogenic compounds with potential to be used as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. 24 extracts (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate) from 4 species of sea cucumbers and 4 species of tunicates were produced and screened in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and in vivo for osteogenic activity through an assay using zebrafish larvae. Our results showed that ethanolic extracts presented anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which revealed to be stronger in the ascidians. The osteogenic activity, which provides evidence of the bioactive potential of these organisms in preventing chronic disorders causing low bone density, was found to be strong in one species of ascidians and 3 of holothurians. This study demonstrates the high potential of extracts from these marine organisms for using as nutraceuticals in the prevention of chronic bone disorders.
{"title":"Biopotential of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) and tunicates (Chordata) from the western coast of Portugal for the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses","authors":"A. Carletti, C. Cardoso, Diana Julião, J. Arteaga, P. Chainho, M. Dionísio, S. Sales, M. Gaudêncio, I. Ferreira, C. Afonso, H. Lourenço, M. Cancela, N. Bandarra, P. Gavaia","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06994","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we aimed to explore the potential of two groups of marine invertebrates—sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) and ascidians (Chordata)—as sources of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and osteogenic compounds with potential to be used as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. 24 extracts (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate) from 4 species of sea cucumbers and 4 species of tunicates were produced and screened in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and in vivo for osteogenic activity through an assay using zebrafish larvae. Our results showed that ethanolic extracts presented anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which revealed to be stronger in the ascidians. The osteogenic activity, which provides evidence of the bioactive potential of these organisms in preventing chronic disorders causing low bone density, was found to be strong in one species of ascidians and 3 of holothurians. This study demonstrates the high potential of extracts from these marine organisms for using as nutraceuticals in the prevention of chronic bone disorders.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127551454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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