A. M. Fernández-Fernández, E. Dellacassa, T. Nardin, R. Larcher, A. Gámbaro, Alejandra Medrano-Fernández, M. D. Castillo
Citrus (mandarin and orange) pomace is an agro-food industrial waste rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber with great potential as a functional ingredient. In this work, the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of health-promoting compounds present in raw citrus pomaces (Clemenule and Ortanique mandarins and Navel and Valencia oranges) were studied. In addition, the by-products were employed as food ingredients in cookies and the effect of the food matrix on the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds was evaluated. Nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin were detected in the citrus samples by UHPLC-MS. Citrus pomaces were in vitro digested mimicking the human oral gastrointestinal conditions and the bioactivity of the digests (antioxidant, carbohydrases modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects) was assessed. The bioaccessibility of the antioxidants in the by-products was confirmed by Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) (6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest), ABTS (65.5–97.1 µmol TE/g digest), ORAC-FL assays (135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest), and inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation induced by treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide 1 mM in intestinal IEC-6 (19–45%) and CCD-18Co (28–45%) cells pretreated with the digests at concentrations ranging between 5 and 25 µg/mL. Inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 58.04–105.68 mg/mL) also remained bioaccessible after in vitro digestion of citrus pomaces. In addition, the bioaccessible compounds in orange pomace samples significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The digests of orange pomace cookies with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber” presented antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, and good sensory quality (6.9–6.7 on a scale of 1 to 9). The results obtained support the feasibility of unfractionated orange pomace as a functional ingredient for reducing the risk of diabetes. The health-promoting benefits observed in the present research might be, at least partially, associated with flavonoids.
{"title":"In vitro bioaccessibility of citrus pomace compounds possessing health promoting properties with potential to reduce the risk of diabetes","authors":"A. M. Fernández-Fernández, E. Dellacassa, T. Nardin, R. Larcher, A. Gámbaro, Alejandra Medrano-Fernández, M. D. Castillo","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06999","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus (mandarin and orange) pomace is an agro-food industrial waste rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber with great potential as a functional ingredient. In this work, the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of health-promoting compounds present in raw citrus pomaces (Clemenule and Ortanique mandarins and Navel and Valencia oranges) were studied. In addition, the by-products were employed as food ingredients in cookies and the effect of the food matrix on the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds was evaluated. Nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin were detected in the citrus samples by UHPLC-MS. Citrus pomaces were in vitro digested mimicking the human oral gastrointestinal conditions and the bioactivity of the digests (antioxidant, carbohydrases modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects) was assessed. The bioaccessibility of the antioxidants in the by-products was confirmed by Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) (6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest), ABTS (65.5–97.1 µmol TE/g digest), ORAC-FL assays (135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest), and inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation induced by treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide 1 mM in intestinal IEC-6 (19–45%) and CCD-18Co (28–45%) cells pretreated with the digests at concentrations ranging between 5 and 25 µg/mL. Inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 58.04–105.68 mg/mL) also remained bioaccessible after in vitro digestion of citrus pomaces. In addition, the bioaccessible compounds in orange pomace samples significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The digests of orange pomace cookies with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber” presented antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, and good sensory quality (6.9–6.7 on a scale of 1 to 9). The results obtained support the feasibility of unfractionated orange pomace as a functional ingredient for reducing the risk of diabetes. The health-promoting benefits observed in the present research might be, at least partially, associated with flavonoids.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124303934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seaweeds have been an important part of the diet of coastal populations in Asia possibly for millennia but only a few scattered coastal communities in Europe and the Americas have maintained these traditions. Our studies have investigated the potential of two tropical seaweeds grown commercially in Asia, Sarconema and Caulerpa spp., as functional foods for the reversal of metabolic syndrome and possible mechanisms. Sarconema spp. are a source of carrageenans used as thickening and gelling agents in foods, while Caulerpa spp. are consumed in Southeast Asia as lowenergy foods with high contents of vitamins and minerals. For our studies, male Wistar rats were divided into groups in a 16-week protocol: corn starch diet-fed rats (C); C rats supplemented with 5% dried seaweed for the last 8 weeks; high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats (H); and H rats supplemented with 5% dried seaweed for the last 8 weeks. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, fatty liver and increased left ventricular collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells and plasma liver enzyme activities. Seaweed supplementation decreased body weight, abdominal and liver fat, systolic blood pressure, plasma lipid concentrations, plasma activities of liver enzymes and collagen deposition. Furthermore, seaweed supplementation modulated gut microbiota. Possible mechanisms for improved cardiovascular and metabolic health include a reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into organs as well as an increased intake of fibre modulating gut microbiota composition.
{"title":"Tropical seaweeds improve cardiovascular and metabolic health of diet-induced obese and hypertensive rats","authors":"R. D. Preez, S. Panchal, L. Brown","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07011","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds have been an important part of the diet of coastal populations in Asia possibly for millennia but only a few scattered coastal communities in Europe and the Americas have maintained these traditions. Our studies have investigated the potential of two tropical seaweeds grown commercially in Asia, Sarconema and Caulerpa spp., as functional foods for the reversal of metabolic syndrome and possible mechanisms. Sarconema spp. are a source of carrageenans used as thickening and gelling agents in foods, while Caulerpa spp. are consumed in Southeast Asia as lowenergy foods with high contents of vitamins and minerals. For our studies, male Wistar rats were divided into groups in a 16-week protocol: corn starch diet-fed rats (C); C rats supplemented with 5% dried seaweed for the last 8 weeks; high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats (H); and H rats supplemented with 5% dried seaweed for the last 8 weeks. H rats developed obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, fatty liver and increased left ventricular collagen deposition, infiltration of inflammatory cells and plasma liver enzyme activities. Seaweed supplementation decreased body weight, abdominal and liver fat, systolic blood pressure, plasma lipid concentrations, plasma activities of liver enzymes and collagen deposition. Furthermore, seaweed supplementation modulated gut microbiota. Possible mechanisms for improved cardiovascular and metabolic health include a reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into organs as well as an increased intake of fibre modulating gut microbiota composition.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124968474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Braojos, M. Rebollo-Hernanz, V. Benítez, Silvia Cañas, Y. Aguilera, S. Arribas, M. Martín-Cabrejas
: Approximately 90% of the coffee cherry is discarded as waste during coffee bean processing. Coffee pulp has been validated as a potential safe ingredient and is a potential source of nutrients and health-promoting compounds that could be used as nutraceuticals to manage some chronic diseases. Metabolic disorders associated with dysregulated energy and cellular processes, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this sense, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an in vitro simulated digestion on the hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp flour and the biological activity of the digested fractions of its flour and extract in HepG2 cells. The hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp flour were tested by measuring the capacities of the residual fraction of each digestion to bind cholesterol and bile salts and to inhibit the lipase activity after simulated gastric, intestinal, and colonic in vitro digestion. The results exhibited that coffee pulp residual fraction had up to 58% ( p < 0.05) more capacity to bind cholesterol, 1.9-fold ( p < 0.05) higher bile salts binding capacity, and 1.5-fold ( p < 0.05) higher ability to reduce the lipase activity than control residues. Likewise, the digested fractions of coffee pulp flour and extract (50–250 µg/mL) significantly ( p < 0.05) alleviated the accumulation of fat (14–35%), triglycerides (5–27%), and cholesterol (9–48%) triggered by the stimulation of HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (500 µM) to simulate NAFLD. In conclusion, simulated gastrointestinal and colonic digestion improves coffee pulp hypolipidemic properties, enhancing its biological activity in cell culture models. Therefore, this coffee by-product could be an interesting potential ingredient to be used to prevent hyperlipidemia and regulate lipid metabolism.
{"title":"Simulated gastrointestinal digestion influences the in vitro hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp, a potential ingredient for the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"C. Braojos, M. Rebollo-Hernanz, V. Benítez, Silvia Cañas, Y. Aguilera, S. Arribas, M. Martín-Cabrejas","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06997","url":null,"abstract":": Approximately 90% of the coffee cherry is discarded as waste during coffee bean processing. Coffee pulp has been validated as a potential safe ingredient and is a potential source of nutrients and health-promoting compounds that could be used as nutraceuticals to manage some chronic diseases. Metabolic disorders associated with dysregulated energy and cellular processes, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this sense, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an in vitro simulated digestion on the hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp flour and the biological activity of the digested fractions of its flour and extract in HepG2 cells. The hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp flour were tested by measuring the capacities of the residual fraction of each digestion to bind cholesterol and bile salts and to inhibit the lipase activity after simulated gastric, intestinal, and colonic in vitro digestion. The results exhibited that coffee pulp residual fraction had up to 58% ( p < 0.05) more capacity to bind cholesterol, 1.9-fold ( p < 0.05) higher bile salts binding capacity, and 1.5-fold ( p < 0.05) higher ability to reduce the lipase activity than control residues. Likewise, the digested fractions of coffee pulp flour and extract (50–250 µg/mL) significantly ( p < 0.05) alleviated the accumulation of fat (14–35%), triglycerides (5–27%), and cholesterol (9–48%) triggered by the stimulation of HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (500 µM) to simulate NAFLD. In conclusion, simulated gastrointestinal and colonic digestion improves coffee pulp hypolipidemic properties, enhancing its biological activity in cell culture models. Therefore, this coffee by-product could be an interesting potential ingredient to be used to prevent hyperlipidemia and regulate lipid metabolism.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130694956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rebollo-Hernanz, E. Mejia, Y. Aguilera, M. Martín-Cabrejas
This study aimed to assess the effect of the primary phytochemicals from coffee by-products and two aqueous extracts from the coffee husk and silverskin on lipid and glucose metabolism regulation in hepatocytes using an in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Coffee husk and silverskin were used to prepare two aqueous extracts (CHE and CSE, respectively) using water. The phytochemical composition was determined using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. HepG2 cells were co-treated with 10–50 µmol L‒1 of either pure caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, or gallic acid, and kaempferol, CHE, or CSE (20–100 µg mL‒1) in the presence or absence of palmitic acid (PA, 500 µmol L‒1). Different biomarkers of cell metabolism were assessed 24 h after the co-treatment in cell supernatants and lysates using chemical, biochemical, and immunochemical techniques. Phytochemicals from coffee by-products decreased PA-triggered lipid accumulation (16–94%, p < 0.05) by reducing fatty acid synthase activity and stimulating lipolysis (8–83%, p < 0.05). CHE, CSE, and therein-bioactive compounds promoted glucose uptake (13–45%) via the increase in the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (1.9- to 2.7-fold), protein kinase B (AKT) (1.4- to 3.1-fold), AMPKα (1.6- to 2.4-fold), and PTEN (2.0- to 4.2-fold). In conclusion, our results proved that phytochemicals from coffee by-products, mainly caffeine and chlorogenic acid, could regulate hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Overall, our results generate new insights into the use of coffee by-products as a sustainable food ingredient to encounter non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
{"title":"Regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in hepatocytes by phytochemicals from coffee by-products and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro","authors":"M. Rebollo-Hernanz, E. Mejia, Y. Aguilera, M. Martín-Cabrejas","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06996","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the effect of the primary phytochemicals from coffee by-products and two aqueous extracts from the coffee husk and silverskin on lipid and glucose metabolism regulation in hepatocytes using an in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Coffee husk and silverskin were used to prepare two aqueous extracts (CHE and CSE, respectively) using water. The phytochemical composition was determined using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. HepG2 cells were co-treated with 10–50 µmol L‒1 of either pure caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, or gallic acid, and kaempferol, CHE, or CSE (20–100 µg mL‒1) in the presence or absence of palmitic acid (PA, 500 µmol L‒1). Different biomarkers of cell metabolism were assessed 24 h after the co-treatment in cell supernatants and lysates using chemical, biochemical, and immunochemical techniques. Phytochemicals from coffee by-products decreased PA-triggered lipid accumulation (16–94%, p < 0.05) by reducing fatty acid synthase activity and stimulating lipolysis (8–83%, p < 0.05). CHE, CSE, and therein-bioactive compounds promoted glucose uptake (13–45%) via the increase in the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (1.9- to 2.7-fold), protein kinase B (AKT) (1.4- to 3.1-fold), AMPKα (1.6- to 2.4-fold), and PTEN (2.0- to 4.2-fold). In conclusion, our results proved that phytochemicals from coffee by-products, mainly caffeine and chlorogenic acid, could regulate hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Overall, our results generate new insights into the use of coffee by-products as a sustainable food ingredient to encounter non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133689598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Gallego, A. Bagüés, E. Escasany, Y. López-Tofiño, Antonio Márquez, G. Medina-Gómez, J. Uranga, R. Abalo
The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family plays a role in fibrosis and has been involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease that can affect both sexes. Importantly, this is increasingly prevalent in industrialized countries due to changes in lifestyle and diets. The family comprises three isoforms: TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3. While TGFβ1 has an established role in fibrosis, the pathophysiological relevance of the two other isoforms is unclear. Here we evaluated the possible functional and structural alterations of the GI tract and sex influence in an experimental model with partial deficiency of TGF-β3, due to lethality of the homozygous null mouse. Wild-type (WT) and heterozygous for TGF-β3 (HZ) mice of both sexes were exposed to control or high fat diet (HFD), as a possible model of IBD. After oral administration of a radiopaque marker, faeces were collected for 4 h, weighed and exposed to X-rays for GI transit evaluation. Body weight, size/length and histology of the GI organs were also evaluated. No typical signs of IBD were detected. WT females presented lower body weight, delayed GI transit and an increased relative size of the GI organs when compared to males. The HZ genotype modified the latency of expulsion of marked faeces, in a sex and diet dependent manner, without producing macroscopic structural alterations in the GI tract. Moreover, submucosa thickness was decreased in HZ male mice under control diet. HFD increased body weight, accelerated GI transit and decreased GI organs size, especially in females. Importantly, HFD partly counteracted the effects of TGF-β3 heterozygosity on the latency of marked faeces expulsion. To conclude, sex, diet and TGF-β3 genotype alter the GI tract motility and structure, with a possible impact on the IBD development associated with obesity, yet to be determined.
{"title":"Influence of sex and diet on the gastrointestinal tract in a mice model with partial deficiency for TGF-β3","authors":"P. Gallego, A. Bagüés, E. Escasany, Y. López-Tofiño, Antonio Márquez, G. Medina-Gómez, J. Uranga, R. Abalo","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06983","url":null,"abstract":"The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family plays a role in fibrosis and has been involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease that can affect both sexes. Importantly, this is increasingly prevalent in industrialized countries due to changes in lifestyle and diets. The family comprises three isoforms: TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3. While TGFβ1 has an established role in fibrosis, the pathophysiological relevance of the two other isoforms is unclear. Here we evaluated the possible functional and structural alterations of the GI tract and sex influence in an experimental model with partial deficiency of TGF-β3, due to lethality of the homozygous null mouse. Wild-type (WT) and heterozygous for TGF-β3 (HZ) mice of both sexes were exposed to control or high fat diet (HFD), as a possible model of IBD. After oral administration of a radiopaque marker, faeces were collected for 4 h, weighed and exposed to X-rays for GI transit evaluation. Body weight, size/length and histology of the GI organs were also evaluated. No typical signs of IBD were detected. WT females presented lower body weight, delayed GI transit and an increased relative size of the GI organs when compared to males. The HZ genotype modified the latency of expulsion of marked faeces, in a sex and diet dependent manner, without producing macroscopic structural alterations in the GI tract. Moreover, submucosa thickness was decreased in HZ male mice under control diet. HFD increased body weight, accelerated GI transit and decreased GI organs size, especially in females. Importantly, HFD partly counteracted the effects of TGF-β3 heterozygosity on the latency of marked faeces expulsion. To conclude, sex, diet and TGF-β3 genotype alter the GI tract motility and structure, with a possible impact on the IBD development associated with obesity, yet to be determined.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130286288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ojo, Qianqian Feng, Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo, Xiaohua Wang
: Background: Diabetes prevalence is on the increase globally and its impact on those with the condition in terms of acute and chronic complications can be profound. People with type 2 diabetes constitute the majority of those with the condition and the risk factors include obesity, lifestyle and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Poor dietary intake has been reported to influence the community of the gut microbiome. Therefore, a higher intake of dietary fibre may alter the environment in the gut and promote microbial growth and proliferation. Aim: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis which examined the effect of dietary fibre on gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: This review was conducted in line with the PRISMA framework. Databases were searched for relevant articles which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Nine articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. High dietary fibre intake significantly improved ( p < 0.05) the abundance of Bifidobacterium, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and HbA1c. Discussion: The promotion of SCFA producers in terms of greater diversity and abundance by dietary fibre may have resulted in improvement in glycated haemoglobin, partly due to increased GLP–1 production. Conclusion: High consumption of dietary fibre has a significant ( p < 0.05) effect on Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs and HbA1c, but not ( p > 0.05) on propionic, butyric and acetic acid, fasting blood glucose and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HOMAR–IR.
{"title":"Dietary fibre, gut microbiota dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes","authors":"O. Ojo, Qianqian Feng, Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo, Xiaohua Wang","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06986","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Diabetes prevalence is on the increase globally and its impact on those with the condition in terms of acute and chronic complications can be profound. People with type 2 diabetes constitute the majority of those with the condition and the risk factors include obesity, lifestyle and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Poor dietary intake has been reported to influence the community of the gut microbiome. Therefore, a higher intake of dietary fibre may alter the environment in the gut and promote microbial growth and proliferation. Aim: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis which examined the effect of dietary fibre on gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: This review was conducted in line with the PRISMA framework. Databases were searched for relevant articles which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Nine articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. High dietary fibre intake significantly improved ( p < 0.05) the abundance of Bifidobacterium, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and HbA1c. Discussion: The promotion of SCFA producers in terms of greater diversity and abundance by dietary fibre may have resulted in improvement in glycated haemoglobin, partly due to increased GLP–1 production. Conclusion: High consumption of dietary fibre has a significant ( p < 0.05) effect on Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs and HbA1c, but not ( p > 0.05) on propionic, butyric and acetic acid, fasting blood glucose and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HOMAR–IR.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117233111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Escobar, T. García, Maritza García, J. F. Gomez, Ricardo A. Figueroa, Eduardo Huerta, J. Vargas
: Some types of cancer are resistant to conventional treatments, such as triple-negative (TN) breast cancer (BC), which, due to its molecular characteristics, does not respond effectively. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of medicinal plants for prevention and as an alternative in adjuvant therapy for cancer. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (H.S.) is a plant which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of the lyophilized extract of H.S. in the TN BC cell line (HCC-70) exposed to different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL). The results were evaluated by ANOVA, finding that H.S. reduces the proliferation on TN BC cell line HCC-70 exposed at 1.0 mg/mL by 62%. The use of natural extracts as coadjuvant therapy for cancer is an alternative with great potential for future studies and provides a precedent in the area of natural medicine.
{"title":"Lyophilized extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. induces cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines.","authors":"Z. Escobar, T. García, Maritza García, J. F. Gomez, Ricardo A. Figueroa, Eduardo Huerta, J. Vargas","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07002","url":null,"abstract":": Some types of cancer are resistant to conventional treatments, such as triple-negative (TN) breast cancer (BC), which, due to its molecular characteristics, does not respond effectively. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of medicinal plants for prevention and as an alternative in adjuvant therapy for cancer. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (H.S.) is a plant which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of the lyophilized extract of H.S. in the TN BC cell line (HCC-70) exposed to different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL). The results were evaluated by ANOVA, finding that H.S. reduces the proliferation on TN BC cell line HCC-70 exposed at 1.0 mg/mL by 62%. The use of natural extracts as coadjuvant therapy for cancer is an alternative with great potential for future studies and provides a precedent in the area of natural medicine.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121583396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. J. Rodríguez-Lagunas, M. Castell, F. Pérez-Cano, F. Vicente, P. Pereira
: Polyphenols are compounds derived from plants found in foods with potential health benefits due to their antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to establish the consumption of polyphenols in university students and the relationship between the amount of polyphenols consumed and their health-related habits. For this, 270 university students answered a validated food consumption frequency questionnaire (FFQ), a physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and a health and lifestyle questionnaire. From the FFQ, the daily consumption of classes and subclasses of polyphenols was calculated. Then, the population was classified in terciles according to the polyphenol consumption, and the physical activity, smoking habits, and the prevalence of allergy and obesity in each tercile was established. The consumption of polyphenols was about 1.5 g/day, being flavonoids and phenolic acids the most consumed. The main sources of polyphenol consumption were cocoa, coffee, and to a lesser extent, fruits. There were no significant differences in consumption according to sex, BMI, health status, or physical activity. The smoking habit was related to a high consumption of polyphenols, mainly those that came from coffee and cocoa. Students who smoke had a higher consumption of polyphenols with respect to nonsmokers, especially those derived from coffee.
{"title":"Dietary consumption of polyphenols in university students. Relationship with their health-related habits","authors":"M. J. Rodríguez-Lagunas, M. Castell, F. Pérez-Cano, F. Vicente, P. Pereira","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-06991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06991","url":null,"abstract":": Polyphenols are compounds derived from plants found in foods with potential health benefits due to their antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to establish the consumption of polyphenols in university students and the relationship between the amount of polyphenols consumed and their health-related habits. For this, 270 university students answered a validated food consumption frequency questionnaire (FFQ), a physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and a health and lifestyle questionnaire. From the FFQ, the daily consumption of classes and subclasses of polyphenols was calculated. Then, the population was classified in terciles according to the polyphenol consumption, and the physical activity, smoking habits, and the prevalence of allergy and obesity in each tercile was established. The consumption of polyphenols was about 1.5 g/day, being flavonoids and phenolic acids the most consumed. The main sources of polyphenol consumption were cocoa, coffee, and to a lesser extent, fruits. There were no significant differences in consumption according to sex, BMI, health status, or physical activity. The smoking habit was related to a high consumption of polyphenols, mainly those that came from coffee and cocoa. Students who smoke had a higher consumption of polyphenols with respect to nonsmokers, especially those derived from coffee.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131248713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kirill Kuvakin, T. Vakhitov, Stanislav Sitkin, E. Roshchina, V. Lisitskaya, O. Ivanchenko, Y. Dubrovskii, E. Demyanova
The aim of the current work was to search for bioactive peptides Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) and Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) with antihypertensive action in the culture medium (CM) of probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus D75 and D76 strains when cultured in milk. The CM composition was analyzed using HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS, and MALDI Fourier transformation ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI FT-ICR MS, Varian). Direct analysis of CM using FT-ICR failed to detect peptides in the original CM due to the high concentration of concomitant components, but after preliminary fractionation of CM by HPLC, both peptides were detected. The masses (m/z) of characteristic ions were 312.19 (VPP) and 326.21 (IPP). Peptides were quantified using a single reference method with HPLC and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The concentrations of VPP and IPP in the CM of the D75 strain, respectively, reached 18.0 µg/mL and 25.4 µg/mL, in the CM of the D76 strain they were lower (12.7 µg/mL and 16.2 µg/mL), and in the mixed CM (both strains) the concentrations reached intermediate values of 15.7 µg/mL and 24.0 µg/mL. The data obtained indicate the existence of an active complex of extracellular enzymes in L. helveticus D75 and D76, which provide the production of IPP and VPP peptides with antihypertensive effect. The results also confirm the symbiotic properties of D75 and D76 strains (synergism and syntrophy). Functional foods based on milk fermented by probiotic L. helveticus D75 and D76 strains, which contains IPP and VPP peptides in effective doses (>3.0 mg/day), can be considered a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention in patients with mild hypertension.
本研究的目的是在牛奶培养的益生菌helveticus Lactobacillus D75和D76培养基(CM)中寻找具有降压作用的Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP)和Val-Pro-Pro (VPP)活性肽。采用HPLC-UV、HPLC-MS和MALDI傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(MALDI FT-ICR MS, Varian)分析CM成分。利用FT-ICR直接分析CM，由于CM的伴随成分浓度较高，无法检测到原CM中的肽，但通过HPLC对CM进行初步分离后，可以检测到这两种肽。特征离子质量(m/z)分别为312.19 (VPP)和326.21 (IPP)。采用高效液相色谱法和飞行时间质谱法对多肽进行定量分析。D75菌株CM中VPP和IPP的浓度分别达到18.0µg/mL和25.4µg/mL, D76菌株CM中VPP和IPP的浓度较低，分别为12.7µg/mL和16.2µg/mL，混合CM中VPP和IPP的浓度分别达到15.7µg/mL和24.0µg/mL的中间值。结果表明，L. helveticus D75和D76中存在一种活性胞外酶复合物，可产生具有降压作用的IPP和VPP肽。结果还证实了D75和D76菌株的共生特性(协同和共生性)。以益生菌L. helveticus D75和D76菌株发酵的乳为基础的功能食品，含有有效剂量(>3.0 mg/d)的IPP和VPP肽，可被认为是一种安全有效的非药物干预轻度高血压患者的方法。
{"title":"Identification of antihypertensive tripeptides in the culture medium of Lactobacillus helveticus D75 and D76 strains","authors":"Kirill Kuvakin, T. Vakhitov, Stanislav Sitkin, E. Roshchina, V. Lisitskaya, O. Ivanchenko, Y. Dubrovskii, E. Demyanova","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07014","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current work was to search for bioactive peptides Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP) and Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) with antihypertensive action in the culture medium (CM) of probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus D75 and D76 strains when cultured in milk. The CM composition was analyzed using HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS, and MALDI Fourier transformation ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI FT-ICR MS, Varian). Direct analysis of CM using FT-ICR failed to detect peptides in the original CM due to the high concentration of concomitant components, but after preliminary fractionation of CM by HPLC, both peptides were detected. The masses (m/z) of characteristic ions were 312.19 (VPP) and 326.21 (IPP). Peptides were quantified using a single reference method with HPLC and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The concentrations of VPP and IPP in the CM of the D75 strain, respectively, reached 18.0 µg/mL and 25.4 µg/mL, in the CM of the D76 strain they were lower (12.7 µg/mL and 16.2 µg/mL), and in the mixed CM (both strains) the concentrations reached intermediate values of 15.7 µg/mL and 24.0 µg/mL. The data obtained indicate the existence of an active complex of extracellular enzymes in L. helveticus D75 and D76, which provide the production of IPP and VPP peptides with antihypertensive effect. The results also confirm the symbiotic properties of D75 and D76 strains (synergism and syntrophy). Functional foods based on milk fermented by probiotic L. helveticus D75 and D76 strains, which contains IPP and VPP peptides in effective doses (>3.0 mg/day), can be considered a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention in patients with mild hypertension.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129927684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Correa-Rodríguez, G. Pocovi-Gerardino, Irene Medina-Martínez, Sara Del Olmo-Romero, N. Ortego-Centeno, B. Rueda-Medina
: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory response and abnormal autoimmune disease. Vitamin D is essential in phosphorus-calcium metabolism, has immunosuppressive properties, and is considered a therapeutic option. Controversy exists about the role of this vitamin in the pathogenesis of SLE. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the dietary intake of vitamin D and its supplementation in a cohort of patients with SLE. A cross-sectional study including a total 285 patients with SLE was conducted (248 females and 26 males; mean age 46.99 ± 12.89 years). The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/dL), homocysteine (Hcy; mol/L), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) (IU/mL), complement C3 (mg/dL), and complement C4 (mg/dL), among other biochemical markers, were measured. The dietary intake of vitamin D and the intake of vitamin D supplement were obtained via a 24-h patient diary. A share of 57.1% of the patients took vitamin D supplements and the average of dietary vitamin D was 2.08 ± 2.94 μ g/day. Note that 98.2% of patients did not reach the recommended dietary intakes for vitamin D intake. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that clinical and laboratory variables are not significantly affected by vitamin D intake levels after adjusting for age, gender, energy intake, and medical treatment (immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and antimalarials). Patients with SLE who took vitamin D supplements had significantly higher serum complement C3 levels compared to patients who did not take them after adjusting for covariates (110.28 ± 30.93 vs. 107.38 ± 24.18; p = 0.018). Our findings suggest a potential impact of supplementation of vitamin D on the activity of SLE. Future longitudinal research on SLE patients, including intervention trials, are required to validate these preliminary data.
{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation is association with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","authors":"María Correa-Rodríguez, G. Pocovi-Gerardino, Irene Medina-Martínez, Sara Del Olmo-Romero, N. Ortego-Centeno, B. Rueda-Medina","doi":"10.3390/iecn2020-07013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07013","url":null,"abstract":": Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammatory response and abnormal autoimmune disease. Vitamin D is essential in phosphorus-calcium metabolism, has immunosuppressive properties, and is considered a therapeutic option. Controversy exists about the role of this vitamin in the pathogenesis of SLE. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the dietary intake of vitamin D and its supplementation in a cohort of patients with SLE. A cross-sectional study including a total 285 patients with SLE was conducted (248 females and 26 males; mean age 46.99 ± 12.89 years). The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/dL), homocysteine (Hcy; mol/L), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) (IU/mL), complement C3 (mg/dL), and complement C4 (mg/dL), among other biochemical markers, were measured. The dietary intake of vitamin D and the intake of vitamin D supplement were obtained via a 24-h patient diary. A share of 57.1% of the patients took vitamin D supplements and the average of dietary vitamin D was 2.08 ± 2.94 μ g/day. Note that 98.2% of patients did not reach the recommended dietary intakes for vitamin D intake. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that clinical and laboratory variables are not significantly affected by vitamin D intake levels after adjusting for age, gender, energy intake, and medical treatment (immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and antimalarials). Patients with SLE who took vitamin D supplements had significantly higher serum complement C3 levels compared to patients who did not take them after adjusting for covariates (110.28 ± 30.93 vs. 107.38 ± 24.18; p = 0.018). Our findings suggest a potential impact of supplementation of vitamin D on the activity of SLE. Future longitudinal research on SLE patients, including intervention trials, are required to validate these preliminary data.","PeriodicalId":320592,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：