High blood pressure is a significant contributor to premature mortality, resulting in nearly 10 million deaths and over 200 million disabilities worldwide.1 In recent years, hypertension treatment has shifted focus not only to average blood pressure but also to blood pressure variability (BPV), categorized into very short-term, short-term, and long-term BPV based on the time period of occurrence.2, 3 Long-term BPV has emerged as clinically significant, with studies demonstrating its superiority in predicting long-term cardiovascular events, stroke, and mortality compared to short-term variability. Given its association with pre-renal function decline, reducing blood pressure fluctuations is imperative.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global public health challenge, with its incidence rising alongside aging populations and increasing rates of conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Hypertension and kidney disease are closely intertwined, with hypertension exacerbating renal damage. At present, the management of hypertension mainly focuses on average blood pressure, but the average blood level does not accurately reflect the long-term control status of blood pressure. Notably, some patients with ostensibly controlled average blood pressure still experience renal function deterioration within 5–10 years, potentially due to blood pressure fluctuations. Emerging evidence suggests a link between cardiovascular events, renal injury, and BPV, independent of average blood pressure.4, 5 However, the precise relationship between BPV and renal function remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the association between fluctuating blood pressure and rapid renal function decline in a prospective community health checkup-based cohort.
A total of 7153 patients aged ≥18 years who received at least twice regular physical examinations at the Community Health Service Centre in Beijing, between 2015 and 2021, were recruited consecutively in this study. Exclusion criteria included CKD stage 4–5, acute stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure (<3 months). Finally, 7130 patients were enrolled in the analysis (Figure S1).
Sociodemographic information, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits were obtained through questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured twice during each visit, and BPV indices were calculated based on measurements across all visits. Additionally, blood samples were collected after an 8-h fast for biochemical analyses. We calculated several indicators as measures of BPV based on data from all visits, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), variation independent of the mean (VIM), and average successive variability (ASV). The measures have been used in previous studies.6, 7
Baseline data for this study were derived from the results of the initial annual health checkup, while endpoint data we
{"title":"Effects of long-term blood pressure variability on renal function in community population","authors":"Zhao Feng, Zhiquan Jing, Zeya Li, Gang Wang, Shanshan Wu, Dan Li, Jing Hao, Chunlei Yang, Jiashu Song, Xianzhong Gu, Rongchong Huang","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High blood pressure is a significant contributor to premature mortality, resulting in nearly 10 million deaths and over 200 million disabilities worldwide.<span><sup>1</sup></span> In recent years, hypertension treatment has shifted focus not only to average blood pressure but also to blood pressure variability (BPV), categorized into very short-term, short-term, and long-term BPV based on the time period of occurrence.<span><sup>2, 3</sup></span> Long-term BPV has emerged as clinically significant, with studies demonstrating its superiority in predicting long-term cardiovascular events, stroke, and mortality compared to short-term variability. Given its association with pre-renal function decline, reducing blood pressure fluctuations is imperative.</p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global public health challenge, with its incidence rising alongside aging populations and increasing rates of conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Hypertension and kidney disease are closely intertwined, with hypertension exacerbating renal damage. At present, the management of hypertension mainly focuses on average blood pressure, but the average blood level does not accurately reflect the long-term control status of blood pressure. Notably, some patients with ostensibly controlled average blood pressure still experience renal function deterioration within 5–10 years, potentially due to blood pressure fluctuations. Emerging evidence suggests a link between cardiovascular events, renal injury, and BPV, independent of average blood pressure.<span><sup>4, 5</sup></span> However, the precise relationship between BPV and renal function remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the association between fluctuating blood pressure and rapid renal function decline in a prospective community health checkup-based cohort.</p><p>A total of 7153 patients aged ≥18 years who received at least twice regular physical examinations at the Community Health Service Centre in Beijing, between 2015 and 2021, were recruited consecutively in this study. Exclusion criteria included CKD stage 4–5, acute stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure (<3 months). Finally, 7130 patients were enrolled in the analysis (Figure S1).</p><p>Sociodemographic information, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits were obtained through questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured twice during each visit, and BPV indices were calculated based on measurements across all visits. Additionally, blood samples were collected after an 8-h fast for biochemical analyses. We calculated several indicators as measures of BPV based on data from all visits, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), variation independent of the mean (VIM), and average successive variability (ASV). The measures have been used in previous studies.<span><sup>6, 7</sup></span></p><p>Baseline data for this study were derived from the results of the initial annual health checkup, while endpoint data we","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}