Ken R. Smith, Huong Meeks, David Curtis, Barbara B. Brown, Kyle Kole, Lori Kowaleski-Jones
Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been growing among younger and middle-aged adults in the United States. A portion of this increase for this age group may be attributable to shared type 2 diabetes risks with family members. How family history of type 2 diabetes history is associated with type 2 diabetes risk among younger and middle-aged adults is not well understood.
Methods
This population-based retrospective cohort study uses administrative, genealogical, and electronic medical records from the Utah Population Database. The study population comprises offspring born between 1970 and 1990 and living in the four urban Utah counties in the United States between 1990 and 2015. The sample comprises 360,907 individuals without a type 2 diabetes diagnosis and 14,817 with a diagnosis. Using multivariate logistic regressions, we estimate the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes associated with the number of affected first- (FDRs), second- (SDRs), and third-degree (first cousin) relatives for the full sample and for Hispanic-specific and sex-specific subsets.
Results
Individuals with 2+ FDRs with type 2 diabetes have a significant risk of type 2 diabetes in relation to those with no affected FDRs (RR = 3.31 [3.16, 3.48]). Individuals with 2+ versus no SDRs with type 2 diabetes have significant but lower risks (RR = 1.32 [1.25, 1.39]). Those with 2+ versus no affected first cousins have a similarly low risk (RR = 1.28 [1.21, 1.35]). Larger RRs are experienced by males (2+ vs. 0 FDRs, RR = 3.55) than females (2+ vs. 0 FDRs, RR = 3.18) (p < 0.05 for the interaction). These familial associations are partly mediated by the individual's own obesity.
Conclusions
The risks of type 2 diabetes are significantly associated with having affected first-, second-, and third-degree relatives, especially for men. One of the forces contributing to the rising patterns of type 2 diabetes among young and middle-aged adults is their connection to affected, often older, kin.
{"title":"Family history of type 2 diabetes and the risk of type 2 diabetes among young and middle-aged adults","authors":"Ken R. Smith, Huong Meeks, David Curtis, Barbara B. Brown, Kyle Kole, Lori Kowaleski-Jones","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been growing among younger and middle-aged adults in the United States. A portion of this increase for this age group may be attributable to shared type 2 diabetes risks with family members. How family history of type 2 diabetes history is associated with type 2 diabetes risk among younger and middle-aged adults is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This population-based retrospective cohort study uses administrative, genealogical, and electronic medical records from the Utah Population Database. The study population comprises offspring born between 1970 and 1990 and living in the four urban Utah counties in the United States between 1990 and 2015. The sample comprises 360,907 individuals without a type 2 diabetes diagnosis and 14,817 with a diagnosis. Using multivariate logistic regressions, we estimate the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes associated with the number of affected first- (FDRs), second- (SDRs), and third-degree (first cousin) relatives for the full sample and for Hispanic-specific and sex-specific subsets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with 2+ FDRs with type 2 diabetes have a significant risk of type 2 diabetes in relation to those with no affected FDRs (RR = 3.31 [3.16, 3.48]). Individuals with 2+ versus no SDRs with type 2 diabetes have significant but lower risks (RR = 1.32 [1.25, 1.39]). Those with 2+ versus no affected first cousins have a similarly low risk (RR = 1.28 [1.21, 1.35]). Larger RRs are experienced by males (2+ vs. 0 FDRs, RR = 3.55) than females (2+ vs. 0 FDRs, RR = 3.18) (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for the interaction). These familial associations are partly mediated by the individual's own obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The risks of type 2 diabetes are significantly associated with having affected first-, second-, and third-degree relatives, especially for men. One of the forces contributing to the rising patterns of type 2 diabetes among young and middle-aged adults is their connection to affected, often older, kin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 3","pages":"256-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article titled, “Effects of long-term blood pressure variability on renal function in community population” published in pages 149–152, vol. 10 of Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine,1 the order of the first author's name is incorrect. The first author's name should be Feng Zhao.
慢性病与转化医学》（Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine）1 第 10 卷第 149-152 页发表的题为《社区人群长期血压变化对肾功能的影响》（Effects of long-term blood pressure variability on renal function in community population）的文章中，第一作者姓名顺序有误。第一作者的名字应为 Feng Zhao。
{"title":"Corrigendum: Effects of long-term blood pressure variability on renal function in community population","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the article titled, “Effects of long-term blood pressure variability on renal function in community population” published in pages 149–152, vol. 10 of Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine,<span><sup>1</sup></span> the order of the first author's name is incorrect. The first author's name should be Feng Zhao.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 4","pages":"351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), but not type 1, protected against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In T2D serum insulin is normal or elevated in the early stages. Type 1 diabetes, characterized by a total lack of insulin, is associated with an increased risk of ALS. The antidiabetic metformin also protects against ALS. Connexin 43 (Cx43), an astrocyte protein, operates as an open channel via which toxic substances from astrocytes reach motor neurons to cause ALS.
Methods
In the current study we analyzed FDA MedWatch data to determine whether insulin or metformin could reduce the risk of ALS. We performed in silico molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation with Cx43 to determine if insulin or metformin dock within the Cx43 channel and can block it effectively, again reducing risk of ALS.
Results
In MedWatch, Insulin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ALS (Proportional Reporting Ratio 0.401). Metformin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ALS (PRR 0.567). The Human insulin heterodimer docked within center of the Cx43 channel, effectively blocking it. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the block is highly stable and may be responsible for the protective effect of T2D on ALS. Metformin docks within the Cx43 channel, but the relatively small size of the metformin molecule may not allow it to obstruct the passage of toxic substances from astrocytes to motor neurons.
Conclusion
MedWatch data indicate that both insulin and metformin reduce risk of ALS. The results of our in silico docking study and molecular dynamics simulation corroborate our previous findings with Cx31. Insulin docks within the open hemichannel of hexameric Cx43, potentially blocking it. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the block is stable and may be responsible for the protective effect of T2D and insulin on ALS.
{"title":"Insulin and Metformin are Associated With Reduced Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"Steven Lehrer, Peter H. Rheinstein","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D), but not type 1, protected against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In T2D serum insulin is normal or elevated in the early stages. Type 1 diabetes, characterized by a total lack of insulin, is associated with an increased risk of ALS. The antidiabetic metformin also protects against ALS. Connexin 43 (Cx43), an astrocyte protein, operates as an open channel via which toxic substances from astrocytes reach motor neurons to cause ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the current study we analyzed FDA MedWatch data to determine whether insulin or metformin could reduce the risk of ALS. We performed in silico molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation with Cx43 to determine if insulin or metformin dock within the Cx43 channel and can block it effectively, again reducing risk of ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In MedWatch, Insulin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ALS (Proportional Reporting Ratio 0.401). Metformin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ALS (PRR 0.567). The Human insulin heterodimer docked within center of the Cx43 channel, effectively blocking it. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the block is highly stable and may be responsible for the protective effect of T2D on ALS. Metformin docks within the Cx43 channel, but the relatively small size of the metformin molecule may not allow it to obstruct the passage of toxic substances from astrocytes to motor neurons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MedWatch data indicate that both insulin and metformin reduce risk of ALS. The results of our in silico docking study and molecular dynamics simulation corroborate our previous findings with Cx31. Insulin docks within the open hemichannel of hexameric Cx43, potentially blocking it. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the block is stable and may be responsible for the protective effect of T2D and insulin on ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangyan Chen, Sitong Wan, Jinjuan Hao, Ke Sun, Annan Liu, Ling Zhu, Shuyan Wang, Jingjing He, Ping Zeng
Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades, and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase. Eating out of home (EOH) is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period. However, the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.
Methods
The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.
Results
Average weekly EOH frequency ≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population (OR: 1.31 [1.11–1.54], p < 0.01), most notably in participants ≤45 years old (OR: 1.41[1.11–1.80], p < 0.01]) and in males (OR:1.26 [1.06–1.51], p < 0.01). An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM. Weekly EOH frequency ≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose–response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups (poverall association < 0.05 and pnonlinearity ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
This study showed that a frequency of EOH (≥5 times/week) was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China. More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.
{"title":"Association of eating out of home and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese urban workers: A nationwide study","authors":"Fangyan Chen, Sitong Wan, Jinjuan Hao, Ke Sun, Annan Liu, Ling Zhu, Shuyan Wang, Jingjing He, Ping Zeng","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades, and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase. Eating out of home (EOH) is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period. However, the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Average weekly EOH frequency ≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population (OR: 1.31 [1.11–1.54], <i>p</i> < 0.01), most notably in participants ≤45 years old (OR: 1.41[1.11–1.80], <i>p</i> < 0.01]) and in males (OR:1.26 [1.06–1.51], <i>p</i> < 0.01). An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM. Weekly EOH frequency ≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose–response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups (<i>p</i><sub>overall association</sub> < 0.05 and <i>p</i><sub>nonlinearity</sub> ≤ 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that a frequency of EOH (≥5 times/week) was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China. More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinxin Yan, Ya Song, Hongda Zhang, Tingting Guo, Xin Gao, Yan Wu, Lu Hua
<p>A 26-year-old woman with congenital heart disease, postatrial septal defect repair, postarterial catheter ligation, hypoxia-associated pulmonary hypertension, and reduced right heart function, which manifested as a severe decrease in activity tolerance, chest tightness and shortness of breath, and easy fatigue of breathing, was treated with oxygen, targeting medications such as anisentan, tadalafil, remodulin, and diuretic potassium supplementation to enhance cardiac function, and then her symptoms were slightly improved compared with the previous ones. She was guided with in-hospital respiratory training to the extent that the patient could tolerate it and then was discharged from the hospital to have a home-based respiratory rehabilitation for a period of 3 months. The training plan was as follows: (i) Respiratory muscle function test: the patient's resting maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were assessed by the respiratory trainer equipment, and the respiratory muscle weakness/invulnerability was defined as a measured maximal pressure value less than 80 cmH<sub>2</sub>O according to the ERS guidelines.<span><sup>1</sup></span> (ii) Respiratory muscle training impedance progression: first month, 30% of the MIP and MEP of this test, 30 repetitions/day, 5–7 days/week for 1 month; second month, reassessment of respiratory muscle strength with impedance of 35% of the MIP and MEP of this test, 30 repetitions/day, 5–7 days/week for 1 month; and month 3, reassessment of respiratory muscle strength with impedance of MIP and 40% of MEP, 30 times/day, 5–7 days/week for 1 month. During the period of home respiratory rehabilitation, this patient did not experience any adverse hazardous events. (1) After 3 months of training, this patient's respiratory muscle strength improved, including a significant increase in MIP from 43 to 53 cmH<sub>2</sub>O and a slight increase in MEP from 53 to 57 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; peak inspiratory flow rate decreased from 2.77 to 3.50 L/s, and peak expiratory flow rate decreased from 3.01 to 2.57 L/s. (2) This patient's oxygen saturation improved with oxygen (91% vs. 94%) and her heart rate decreased significantly without oxygen (102 vs. 90 bpm) compared to before training (91% vs. 94%). Additionally, her heart rate was significantly lower (102 vs. 90 bpm), and oxygen saturation was significantly better (83% vs. 89%) without oxygen than it was 3 months prior. (3) Subjective symptoms improved, with the patient initially completing a training session with a Borg score of up to 12/20. After training, she completed the same session with a Borg score of 9–10/20. (4) Weakness improved. Before training, the patient experienced more than moderate shortness of breath with minimal activity and needed a wheelchair while in an oxygenated state. After the training, she could go up and down three staircases or walk on the flat ground for 3–4 min with much less perceived dyspnea.</p><p>Respiratory muscle
{"title":"Improvement in oxygen dynamics after 3 months of home-based respiratory muscle rehabilitation in a patient with complex severe pulmonary hypertension: A case report","authors":"Xinxin Yan, Ya Song, Hongda Zhang, Tingting Guo, Xin Gao, Yan Wu, Lu Hua","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 26-year-old woman with congenital heart disease, postatrial septal defect repair, postarterial catheter ligation, hypoxia-associated pulmonary hypertension, and reduced right heart function, which manifested as a severe decrease in activity tolerance, chest tightness and shortness of breath, and easy fatigue of breathing, was treated with oxygen, targeting medications such as anisentan, tadalafil, remodulin, and diuretic potassium supplementation to enhance cardiac function, and then her symptoms were slightly improved compared with the previous ones. She was guided with in-hospital respiratory training to the extent that the patient could tolerate it and then was discharged from the hospital to have a home-based respiratory rehabilitation for a period of 3 months. The training plan was as follows: (i) Respiratory muscle function test: the patient's resting maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were assessed by the respiratory trainer equipment, and the respiratory muscle weakness/invulnerability was defined as a measured maximal pressure value less than 80 cmH<sub>2</sub>O according to the ERS guidelines.<span><sup>1</sup></span> (ii) Respiratory muscle training impedance progression: first month, 30% of the MIP and MEP of this test, 30 repetitions/day, 5–7 days/week for 1 month; second month, reassessment of respiratory muscle strength with impedance of 35% of the MIP and MEP of this test, 30 repetitions/day, 5–7 days/week for 1 month; and month 3, reassessment of respiratory muscle strength with impedance of MIP and 40% of MEP, 30 times/day, 5–7 days/week for 1 month. During the period of home respiratory rehabilitation, this patient did not experience any adverse hazardous events. (1) After 3 months of training, this patient's respiratory muscle strength improved, including a significant increase in MIP from 43 to 53 cmH<sub>2</sub>O and a slight increase in MEP from 53 to 57 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; peak inspiratory flow rate decreased from 2.77 to 3.50 L/s, and peak expiratory flow rate decreased from 3.01 to 2.57 L/s. (2) This patient's oxygen saturation improved with oxygen (91% vs. 94%) and her heart rate decreased significantly without oxygen (102 vs. 90 bpm) compared to before training (91% vs. 94%). Additionally, her heart rate was significantly lower (102 vs. 90 bpm), and oxygen saturation was significantly better (83% vs. 89%) without oxygen than it was 3 months prior. (3) Subjective symptoms improved, with the patient initially completing a training session with a Borg score of up to 12/20. After training, she completed the same session with a Borg score of 9–10/20. (4) Weakness improved. Before training, the patient experienced more than moderate shortness of breath with minimal activity and needed a wheelchair while in an oxygenated state. After the training, she could go up and down three staircases or walk on the flat ground for 3–4 min with much less perceived dyspnea.</p><p>Respiratory muscle ","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"78-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Eric Adua, Emmanuel Peprah-Yamoah, Enoch O. Anto, Victor Opoku-Yamoah, Emmanuel Acheampong, Michael J. Macartney, Rashid Hashmi
Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are leading drivers of mortality worldwide, underscoring the need for improved efforts around early detection and prediction. The pathophysiology and management of chronic diseases have benefitted from emerging fields in molecular biology like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, and lipidomics. The complex biomarker and mechanistic data from these “omics” studies present analytical and interpretive challenges, especially for traditional statistical methods. Machine learning (ML) techniques offer considerable promise in unlocking new pathways for data-driven chronic disease risk assessment and prognosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art applications of ML algorithms for chronic disease detection and prediction across datasets, including medical imaging, genomics, wearables, and electronic health records. Specifically, we review and synthesize key studies leveraging major ML approaches ranging from traditional techniques such as logistic regression and random forests to modern deep learning neural network architectures. We consolidate existing literature to date around ML for chronic disease prediction to synthesize major trends and trajectories that may inform both future research and clinical translation efforts in this growing field. While highlighting the critical innovations and successes emerging in this space, we identify the key challenges and limitations that remain to be addressed. Finally, we discuss pathways forward toward scalable, equitable, and clinically implementable ML solutions for transforming chronic disease screening and prevention.
心脏病、癌症和糖尿病等慢性疾病是导致全球死亡的主要原因，这就突出表明需要加强早期检测和预测工作。慢性疾病的病理生理学和管理得益于分子生物学的新兴领域，如基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、糖组学和脂质组学。来自这些 "omics "研究的复杂生物标志物和机理数据带来了分析和解释方面的挑战，尤其是对传统统计方法而言。机器学习（ML）技术在为数据驱动的慢性病风险评估和预后分析开辟新途径方面大有可为。本综述全面概述了机器学习算法在慢性病检测和预测方面的最新应用，包括医学成像、基因组学、可穿戴设备和电子健康记录等数据集。具体来说，我们回顾并总结了利用主要 ML 方法进行的关键研究，这些方法包括逻辑回归和随机森林等传统技术以及现代深度学习神经网络架构。我们整合了迄今为止围绕用于慢性疾病预测的 ML 的现有文献，归纳出主要趋势和轨迹，为这一不断发展的领域未来的研究和临床转化工作提供参考。在强调这一领域出现的关键创新和成功经验的同时，我们也指出了仍有待解决的关键挑战和局限性。最后，我们讨论了实现可扩展、公平和临床可实施的 ML 解决方案的途径，以改变慢性病筛查和预防。
{"title":"Pathways to chronic disease detection and prediction: Mapping the potential of machine learning to the pathophysiological processes while navigating ethical challenges","authors":"Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Eric Adua, Emmanuel Peprah-Yamoah, Enoch O. Anto, Victor Opoku-Yamoah, Emmanuel Acheampong, Michael J. Macartney, Rashid Hashmi","doi":"10.1002/cdt3.137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cdt3.137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are leading drivers of mortality worldwide, underscoring the need for improved efforts around early detection and prediction. The pathophysiology and management of chronic diseases have benefitted from emerging fields in molecular biology like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, and lipidomics. The complex biomarker and mechanistic data from these “omics” studies present analytical and interpretive challenges, especially for traditional statistical methods. Machine learning (ML) techniques offer considerable promise in unlocking new pathways for data-driven chronic disease risk assessment and prognosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art applications of ML algorithms for chronic disease detection and prediction across datasets, including medical imaging, genomics, wearables, and electronic health records. Specifically, we review and synthesize key studies leveraging major ML approaches ranging from traditional techniques such as logistic regression and random forests to modern deep learning neural network architectures. We consolidate existing literature to date around ML for chronic disease prediction to synthesize major trends and trajectories that may inform both future research and clinical translation efforts in this growing field. While highlighting the critical innovations and successes emerging in this space, we identify the key challenges and limitations that remain to be addressed. Finally, we discuss pathways forward toward scalable, equitable, and clinically implementable ML solutions for transforming chronic disease screening and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":32096,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cdt3.137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaxian Meng, Qianqian Ji, Aijie Zhang, Yiqiang Zhan
Background
Understanding the trends of the prevalence and incidence rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is vital for improving the control and prevention of COPD. We aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence and incidence rate of COPD among adults aged 50 years or older in the United States during 2000–2020.
Methods
Utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed COPD prevalence across survey waves and calculated COPD incidence rates between consecutive interview waves, stratified by gender and race. We employed joinpoint regression models to investigate trends in COPD prevalence and incidence.
Results
The individuals reporting COPD are more likely to be women and Caucasians. The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among adults aged 50 years and over showed an increasing trend throughout the study period, spanning from 9.02% in 2000 to 9.88% in 2020 (average biennial percent change [ABPC] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 0.71; p = 0.01). The age-adjusted incidence rate of COPD among adults aged 50 and over showed a decreasing trend throughout the study period 1031.1 per 100,000 person-years in 2000 to 700.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2020 (ABPC = −1.63, 95% CI: −2.88, −0.36; p = 0.02).
Conclusion
Our findings indicate a rising prevalence of COPD among older adults in the United States since 2000, while the incidence rate of COPD has shown a declining trend.
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Le Zhao, Jinzhu Yin, Jiaping Huan, Xiao Han, Dan Zhao, Jing Song, Linping Wang, Huifang Zhang, Baolong Pan, Qiao Niu, Xiaoting Lu
Background
The correlation between metals and hypertension, such as sodium, zinc, potassium, and magnesium, has been confirmed, while the relationship between aluminum and hypertension is not very clear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between plasma aluminum and hypertension in electrolytic aluminum workers by the Bayesian networks (BN).
Methods
In 2019, 476 male workers in an aluminum factory were investigated. The plasma aluminum concentration of workers was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The influencing factors on the prevalence of hypertension were analyzed by the BN.
Results
The prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% in 476 male workers. The risk of hypertension from plasma aluminum in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was 5.20 (1.90–14.25), 6.92 (2.51–19.08), and 7.33 (2.69–20.01), respectively, compared with that in the Q1 group. The risk of hypertension from the duration of exposure to aluminum of >10 years was 2.23 (1.09–4.57), compared without aluminum exposure. Area under the curve was 0.80 of plasma aluminum and the duration of exposure to aluminum was based on covariates, indicating that aluminum exposure had important predictive value in the prevalence of hypertension in the occupational population. The results of the study using the BN model showed that if the plasma aluminum of all participants was higher than Q4 (≥47.86 µg/L) and the participants were drinking, smoking, diabetes, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and aged >50 years, the proportion of hypertension was 71.2%.
Conclusions
The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with the increase of plasma aluminum level.
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