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Study of Workability and Safety Using Virtual Human Model 基于虚拟人体模型的可操作性和安全性研究
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2002.169
Y. Okumoto, Koji Nakamagoe, Shigeo Inoue, O. Baba
Though the physical burdens by welding works and manual material handling works in the shipbuilding have been studied before, the grinding work will be one of the most severe work for the human body. In the grinding work, undesired sound, hand-arm vibration and reaction force from the tool are big, and the adequate countermeasures for the body work seem to be necessary, because the aging of the workers and embrittlement of the youth will become remarkable in near future. Therefore, in this paper, the human body analysis at grinding work has been carried out, using general-purpose human simulation software “Jack”; static strength prediction of human body, lumbar force analysis, and energy consumption analysis, same as previous reports.This time, “Kansei Engineering” technique has been introduced for the evaluation of the results by biomechanical analysis. SD (Semantic Differential) evaluation has been carried out concerning the body feeling of the grinding workers, and then multiple factor analysis, one of multivariate analysis, has been executed, according to the process of “Kansei Engineering”. The results have been compared with the analytical results by the digital human model, and it was concluded that both were well coincided especially for the lower human body.
虽然对造船中焊接和搬运体力劳动的体力负担进行了研究,但磨削工作是对人体最严重的工作之一。在磨削工作中,不希望的声音,手臂的振动和工具的反作用力都很大,对身体工作的适当对策似乎是必要的,因为工人的老龄化和青年的脆化在不久的将来会变得明显。因此,本文采用通用人体仿真软件“Jack”对磨削工作时的人体进行了分析;人体静强度预测,腰椎力分析,能量消耗分析,与以往报道相同。这次引入了“感性工学”技术,对生物力学分析结果进行评价。对磨削工人的身体感觉进行SD (Semantic Differential)评价,然后按照感性工学的流程进行多因素分析,这是多因素分析的一种。结果与数字人体模型的分析结果进行了比较,结论是两者吻合较好,特别是对下半身。
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引用次数: 0
Microbubble Skin Friction Reduction under the Influence of Pressure Gradients and Curved Surface 压力梯度和曲面影响下微泡蒙皮摩擦力的减小
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_11
C. Kawakita, S. Takano
The influence of streamwise pressure gradients and curved surfaces on microbubble skin friction reduction was examined in cavitation tunnel at free-stream speeds of 5, 7 and 10m/sec. A 1.5m long, 0.3m width flat plate and 2D convex model were used. In order to change streamwise pressure gradient, using temporary slopping bottom changed sectional area at the test section.The effect of skin friction reduction under favorable pressure gradients tended to rather reduce compared with the zero pressure gradient case. In opposition, the adverse pressure gradients tended to rather increase. Moreover, there was a condition that the skin friction reduction effect increased extremely under the adverse pressure gradient. Air bubbles under that condition looked like cloud and the void fraction of inner layer was high. There seems to be possible to find an effective microbubble method by the optimization with air bubble diameter and distribution.
在自由流速度为5、7和10m/sec的空化隧道中,研究了流向压力梯度和曲面对微泡表面摩擦减小的影响。采用长1.5m,宽0.3m的平板和二维凸模型。为了改变流向压力梯度,采用临时坡底改变了试验段的截面积。与压力梯度为零的情况相比,有利压力梯度下的表面摩擦减小效果有减小的趋势。相反,逆压梯度有增大的趋势。此外,在逆压梯度下,表面摩擦减阻效果显著增加。该条件下的气泡呈云状,内层空隙率较高。通过对气泡直径和气泡分布的优化,似乎有可能找到一种有效的微气泡方法。
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引用次数: 6
Basic study on the design support system for construction block on CIM in shipbuilding 基于CIM的造船构件设计支持系统的基础研究
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_387
K. Aoyama, Shoji Takechi, T. Nomoto
The module construction system is established as an efficient production system in a shipyard. Because an efficiency and productivity of the module construction system are depends on block division plans, it is necessary to make proper block plans. A lot of design support systems for shipbuilding have been recently developed, but it seems that there is no effective support system for a block division planning. Therefore, a computer aided block division planning is a problem to be solved for shipbuilding CIM. In order to develop a computer aided block division planning system, this paper introduces a concept of candidate seam and shows that information on joint plays a significant role in block division planning. In this research, a computer aided block division planning system is introduced, and this system gives two processes with user interface;-A block designer specifies information on joint of block seams and distributes structural members to each block to design blocks.- A system generates information on joint at any position at cutting apart designed structural members.- A system proposes some block division plans from specified block seams.Above-mentioned functions for block division planning are implemented into the shipbuilding CIM system of authors. In order to select better division block, this system evaluates designed blocks by using product data and constraints of a facility. A few outputs from the block division planning system is shown in this paper.
作为一种高效的船厂生产系统,建立了模块化建造系统。由于模块构建系统的效率和生产力取决于分块规划,因此有必要制定合适的分块规划。近年来已经开发了许多造船设计支持系统,但似乎没有有效的块划分规划支持系统。因此,计算机辅助分块规划是船舶CIM需要解决的问题。为了开发计算机辅助分块规划系统,引入了候选缝的概念,说明了接头信息在分块规划中的重要作用。本研究介绍了一种计算机辅助砌块划分规划系统,该系统给出了两个具有用户界面的过程:砌块设计者指定砌块接缝信息,并将构件分配到各个砌块进行砌块设计。-系统生成在切割设计结构构件时任意位置的接缝信息。-系统根据指定的块缝提出一些块划分方案。将上述分块规划功能实现到作者的造船CIM系统中。为了选择更好的分区块,该系统利用产品数据和设施的约束条件对设计的分区块进行评价。本文给出了分块规划系统的几个输出。
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引用次数: 4
A STUDY ON MOTIONS AND DRIFT FORCES OF A MULTIBODY FLOATING SYSTEM IN WAVES 波浪中多体漂浮系统的运动和漂移力研究
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_127
Y. Inoue, M. R. Islam, M. Murai
by Yoshiyuki Inoue *, Member, M. Rafiqul Islam * M. Murai *, MemberSummary In this paper, the application of three dimensional source technique for computations of motion responses and drift forces for multi-body floating system with zero forward speed in waves are investigated. The mean wave drift forces are obtained by far field and near field (direct pressure integration) methods. Numerical results for the first order motion responses and the mean wavedrift forces for a parallel arrangement of a FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit) and a LNG carrier are discussed. Some comparisons are made for a single floating body (semi-submersible) as well as for a simple multi-body system of a cylindrical body with a box shaped hull. Numerical results for motion responses are compared with experimental ones for the FPSO-LNG system and also results for mean wave drift forces obtained from both of the methods are compared with experimental ones. The trend of the results as well as correlation between both of the methods found to be comparatively well in agreement. The effects of roll damping to the second order wave drift forces for sway and yaw are also discussed.
摘要本文研究了三维源技术在波浪中零前进速度多体漂浮系统运动响应和漂移力计算中的应用。采用远场法和近场法(直接压力积分法)求得平均波浪漂移力。讨论了浮式生产储卸装置(FPSO)和LNG运输船并联布置时的一阶运动响应和平均波漂力的数值结果。对单个浮体(半潜体)和一个简单的多体系统(圆柱形体和箱形船体)进行了比较。将FPSO-LNG系统运动响应的数值结果与实验结果进行了比较,并将两种方法得到的平均波浪漂移力结果与实验结果进行了比较。结果的变化趋势和两种方法之间的相关性比较吻合。讨论了横摇阻尼对横摇和偏航二阶波漂移力的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Influence of steel texture on brittle crack propagation characteristics 钢织构对脆性裂纹扩展特性的影响
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_645
H. Yoshinari, S. Aihara
Influence of grain orientation anisotropy (texture) on brittle fracture propagation properties in steel was analyzed based on a fracture mechanics model, which assumes that a crack propagates along the cleavage plane with the highest tensile normal stress among the cleavage planes in a grain. The model predicted the higher degree of zigzag crack path with higher intensity of grain texture. The degree of zigzag crack path was also predicted to increase with increasing crack-tip plasticity. This was explained by the fact that plastic crack-tip stress distribution has less potency of driving the crack direction back to the original crack direction than linear elastic crack-tip stress distribution does. Above results agreed well with observations of Charpy impact fracture surfaces of textured and non-textured steel.
基于断裂力学模型,分析了晶粒取向各向异性(织构)对钢脆性断裂扩展性能的影响。该模型假设裂纹沿解理面扩展,在解理面中拉伸法向应力最高。该模型预测晶粒织构强度越大,锯齿形裂纹路径程度越高。随着裂纹尖端塑性的增加,锯齿形裂纹路径的程度也会增加。这可以解释为塑性裂纹尖端应力分布比线性弹性裂纹尖端应力分布驱动裂纹方向返回原裂纹方向的效力更小。上述结果与织构钢和非织构钢的夏比冲击断口观察结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 2
Numerical Investigation on Propulsion by Undulating Plate 波浪板推进的数值研究
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_359
Zuogang Chen, Y. Doi
Unsteady viscous flow field around an undulating advancing plate in low Reynolds number range is numerically studied. The main objective is to study the abilities of an undulating plate to produce thrust and achieve higher propulsive efficiency in low Reynolds number range. The Reynolds number based on the oncoming velocity and the plate length is 1000. The flow around an undulating plate is simulated by solving the full 3 D unsteady Navier-Stokes equation in a primitive value formulation. The numerical scheme is based on the MAC method where the Navier-Stokes equation is solved by the time marching method on a body fitted coordinate system.The simulation shows that pressure is acting as thrusting force while frictional force is acting as resistance during the undulating motion. Strouhal number is the most important governing parameter for the propulsive efficiency. The propulsive efficiency is enhanced with the increase of the Reynolds number. The advancing thrust mainly comes from the aft part of the plate and the modification of the plate shape can improve the propulsive efficiency. The present study is expected to be applied for the development of a propulsor for micro-hydro-machine.
对低雷诺数波动推进板的非定常粘性流场进行了数值研究。主要目的是研究波动板在低雷诺数范围内产生推力和获得更高推进效率的能力。基于迎面而来速度和板长计算的雷诺数为1000。通过用原始值形式求解三维非定常Navier-Stokes方程,模拟了波动板的绕流过程。数值格式基于MAC方法,其中Navier-Stokes方程在体拟合坐标系上采用时间推进法求解。仿真结果表明,在波动运动过程中,压力作为推力,摩擦力作为阻力。斯特劳哈尔数是影响推进效率的最重要的控制参数。推进效率随着雷诺数的增加而提高。推进推力主要来自艇板尾部,通过改变艇板形状可以提高推进效率。本研究可望应用于微型水轮机推进器的研制。
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引用次数: 4
Progressive Collapse Analysis of a Ship' s Hull Girder under Longitudinal Bending considering Local Pressure Loads 考虑局部压力载荷的船体梁在纵向弯曲作用下的递进破坏分析
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_507
T. Yao, M. Fujikubo, M. Khedmati
A method of progressive collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder under longitudinal bending developed by the first author is extended in order to take local pressure loads into account. First, the average stress-average strain relationship of the plate elements subjected to combined thrust and lateral pressure is formulated in an analytical manner. Then, based on the equilibrium conditions of forces and bending moments considering the influence of lateral pressure, the average stress-average strain relationship of stiffener elements with attached plating is derived. The proposed analytical procedure is then verified through the comparison of the calculated results with those by the FEM analysis for both plate and stiffener elements. Finally, developed formulations are implemented into the computer code “HULLST”, and the modified code is applied to the analysis of collapse behaviour and ultimate hull girder strength of MV “Energy Concentration.”
本文对第一作者提出的考虑局部压力载荷的船体纵弯连续倒塌分析方法进行了扩展。首先,用解析的方法推导了在推力和侧向压力共同作用下板单元的平均应力-平均应变关系。然后,在考虑侧压力影响的力和弯矩平衡条件下,推导出附板加劲单元的平均应力-平均应变关系。然后,通过将计算结果与板单元和加劲单元的有限元分析结果进行比较,验证了所提出的分析方法。最后,将所开发的公式应用于“HULLST”计算机程序中,并将修改后的程序应用于MV“能量集中”的倒塌行为和船体梁的极限强度分析。
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引用次数: 13
Experimental Study on the Mooring Force and the Hydroelastic Effect of a Large-scale Floating Structure under Tsunami 海啸作用下大型浮式结构系泊力及水弹性效应试验研究
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_317
Xiaodong Liu, S. Makino, K. Hanai, S. Sakai
Experiments were carried out in a two-dimensional water flume to measure the elastic deformation and mooring force of a large-scale floating structure under solitary wave. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of hydroelastic response on the mooring force by changing the thickness and the length of model structures. The results are briefly concluded as follows. Firstly, the fission of a solitary wave under a large-scale floating structure is observed, and the maximum deformation of structure becomes smaller than incident wave height when the fission phenomenon occurs and decreases with the increase of the propagation distance of fissioned waves. Secondly, mooring force increases when flexural rigidity becomes larger for a certain scale of structure. Thirdly, mooring force exists a maximum value in the condition just when fission phenomenon occurs. Fourthly, mooring force can be predicted from provided wave and structure information by the non-dimensionalized parameters defined in this study.
在二维水槽中进行了大型浮式结构体在孤立波作用下的弹性变形和系泊力试验。本研究的主要目的是通过改变模型结构的厚度和长度来研究水弹性响应对系泊力的影响。结果简单总结如下:首先,观察了大尺度漂浮结构下孤立波的裂变现象,在发生裂变现象时,结构的最大变形小于入射波高度,并随着裂变波传播距离的增加而减小。其次,对于一定规模的结构,当弯曲刚度增大时,系泊力增大。第三,在发生裂变现象时,系泊力存在最大值。第四,根据所提供的波浪和结构信息,利用本文定义的无量纲化参数对系泊力进行预测。
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引用次数: 1
A simple probabilistic model for corrosion evaluation of a ship's hull 船体腐蚀评估的简单概率模型
Pub Date : 2000-10-25 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.188_633
G. Pirker, Y. Fujimoto, Samudro
A probabilistic model for the evaluation of the corrosion degradation of ship hull members is presented. Emphasis is put to obtain a simple relationship between corrosion depth and service time based on the actual data collected from plate thickness measurements. The corrosion phenomenon is assumed to be the result of two sequential processes: generation of pitting points and progress behaviour of pitting points after their generation. Both processes are treated by the probabilistic method. The proposed model is applied to the collected data of plate thickness measurements of Caraka Jaya ships, and the corrosion behaviour of the ship hull members is evaluated. In the second part of the paper, the effect of corrosion on the longitudinal strength degradation of Caraka Jaya ships is discussed.
提出了船体构件腐蚀退化评估的概率模型。重点是根据从板厚测量中收集的实际数据获得腐蚀深度与使用时间之间的简单关系。腐蚀现象被认为是两个连续过程的结果:点蚀点的产生和点蚀点产生后的发展行为。这两个过程都用概率方法处理。将该模型应用于Caraka Jaya船舶板厚测量数据,并对船体构件的腐蚀行为进行了评价。本文第二部分讨论了腐蚀对卡拉卡-贾亚船纵向强度退化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
On the variation of a mean free-surface level caused by the motion of a floating body 关于由浮体运动引起的平均自由水面水平的变化
Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.2000.41
T. Kinoshita, H. Kagemoto
In the usual linear wave-body interaction problems, the variation of the space-wise mean level of the free-surface is ignored and the free-surface boundary condition is imposed on the calm water-surface level. In some problems, however, the variation of the mean free-surface displacement can be so large that it can no longer be ignored even in a linear theory. In the present paper, the formulation that accounts for such effect is presented. As an example application of the presented formulation, the water-surface displacements associated with an oil recovery ship, part of which consists of a water-way bounded by a shallow bottom plate, are computed and compared with experimental results.
在通常的线性波体相互作用问题中,忽略自由面平均水平的空间变化,在平静水面上施加自由面边界条件。然而,在某些问题中,平均自由表面位移的变化可能非常大,即使在线性理论中也不能再忽略它。在本文中,提出了解释这种效应的公式。作为该公式的一个应用实例,计算了一艘采油船的水面位移,并与实验结果进行了比较。该采油船的一部分是由浅底板包围的水道组成的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan
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