Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913454
Y. Yang, C. Arteaga
this paper presents the results of a twelve month Broadband over Powerline (BPL) in-building trial in a Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) environment utilizing the building's low voltage electric distribution wiring for the BPL system transport medium to support an IP Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and VoIP Intercom application. Specifically, the BPL infrastructure for this trial was designed to provide high speed bi-directional data communications in support of voice and video security applications for a sixteen story residential building with over one hundred apartments. The BPL system has been extensively monitored during the trial over a five month period with a network management system and has been highly stable, indicating a viable network solution using this technology for broadband applications such as CCTV and Intercom. In contrast to traditional CAT-5E cabling, this system had a much shorter implementation time along with up to 50% cost savings.
{"title":"Broadband over Powerline field trial for commercial in-building application in a Multi-Dwelling-Unit environment","authors":"Y. Yang, C. Arteaga","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913454","url":null,"abstract":"this paper presents the results of a twelve month Broadband over Powerline (BPL) in-building trial in a Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) environment utilizing the building's low voltage electric distribution wiring for the BPL system transport medium to support an IP Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and VoIP Intercom application. Specifically, the BPL infrastructure for this trial was designed to provide high speed bi-directional data communications in support of voice and video security applications for a sixteen story residential building with over one hundred apartments. The BPL system has been extensively monitored during the trial over a five month period with a network management system and has been highly stable, indicating a viable network solution using this technology for broadband applications such as CCTV and Intercom. In contrast to traditional CAT-5E cabling, this system had a much shorter implementation time along with up to 50% cost savings.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128607140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913453
E. I. Polo, R. Maia, M. Martucci, A. Hirakawa
This paper presents an analysis of the network traffic generated by different interactive digital television applications using PLC as return channel on the context of SAMBA project. The analysis is conducted through the evaluation of performance of PLC compared to traditional IP network. The setup considers usual PLC network with presence of noise generated by electrical devices. It was evaluated the connection between the repeater and PLC modem (i.e. low voltage scenario), since the rest of transmission between server and repeater was done by the Internet (traditional Ethernet connection). As results, the impacts of those disturbances on the quality of service and on the usability of the applications are evaluated.
{"title":"SAMBA project: Performance analysis of PLC network as return channel for interactive digital television applications","authors":"E. I. Polo, R. Maia, M. Martucci, A. Hirakawa","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913453","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of the network traffic generated by different interactive digital television applications using PLC as return channel on the context of SAMBA project. The analysis is conducted through the evaluation of performance of PLC compared to traditional IP network. The setup considers usual PLC network with presence of noise generated by electrical devices. It was evaluated the connection between the repeater and PLC modem (i.e. low voltage scenario), since the rest of transmission between server and repeater was done by the Internet (traditional Ethernet connection). As results, the impacts of those disturbances on the quality of service and on the usability of the applications are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128411582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913395
A. Tonello, T. Zheng
We follow a bottom-up approach for modelling the channel transfer function aiming at realizing a fast statistical channel simulator. The simulator is derived from transmission line theory. It computes the transfer function via a fast procedure that calculates the voltage ratio between the receiver port and the transmitter port given a real or randomly generated network topology. The approach allows not only taking into account the cable characteristics, the number and length of branches, but also the effect of loads. In particular the effect of time-variant loads that cause the channel transfer function to be time-variant.
{"title":"Bottom-up transfer function generator for broadband PLC statistical channel modeling","authors":"A. Tonello, T. Zheng","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913395","url":null,"abstract":"We follow a bottom-up approach for modelling the channel transfer function aiming at realizing a fast statistical channel simulator. The simulator is derived from transmission line theory. It computes the transfer function via a fast procedure that calculates the voltage ratio between the receiver port and the transmitter port given a real or randomly generated network topology. The approach allows not only taking into account the cable characteristics, the number and length of branches, but also the effect of loads. In particular the effect of time-variant loads that cause the channel transfer function to be time-variant.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913431
S. Tompros, Nikolaos P. Mouratidis, H. Hrasnica, Michael Caragiozidis
Given the energy waste problem and the consequent need for energy optimal use, this paper presents a novel network architecture able to perform real time management of the energy consumed by household appliances. Deploying the recent KNX power line communication technology, the proposed architecture performs three main functions; monitoring of the energy consumed by household devices for metering purposes, management of household devices so that the energy they consume is kept within user-defined limits and management of standby devices for minimal energy consumption.
{"title":"A novel power line network architecture for managing the energy resources of the residential environment","authors":"S. Tompros, Nikolaos P. Mouratidis, H. Hrasnica, Michael Caragiozidis","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913431","url":null,"abstract":"Given the energy waste problem and the consequent need for energy optimal use, this paper presents a novel network architecture able to perform real time management of the energy consumed by household appliances. Deploying the recent KNX power line communication technology, the proposed architecture performs three main functions; monitoring of the energy consumed by household devices for metering purposes, management of household devices so that the energy they consume is kept within user-defined limits and management of standby devices for minimal energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126099016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913402
S. W. Oh, Ying Lay Chiu, K. N. Ng, Ronghong Mo, Yinghui Ma, Yonghong Zeng, A. A. Syed Naveen
Current carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme only allows single transmission in power line channel at any one time although the channel might not be fully occupied. In this paper, we propose cognitive power line communication (CPLC) systems where the CPLC devices are able to utilize the unused spectrum. When applying CPLC using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), it could dynamically allocate subcarriers to different users in the system for simultaneous transmissions. Three CPLC schemes are designed and their performances are compared against Homeplug 1.0 system under different application scenarios. The simulation results clearly show that one of the proposed schemes consistently outperforms Homeplug 1.0 under all simulated application scenarios without compromising quality of service for primary users. With the good results obtained, we are convinced that OFDMA can be applied onto CPLC system.
{"title":"Cognitive power line communication system for multiple channel access","authors":"S. W. Oh, Ying Lay Chiu, K. N. Ng, Ronghong Mo, Yinghui Ma, Yonghong Zeng, A. A. Syed Naveen","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913402","url":null,"abstract":"Current carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme only allows single transmission in power line channel at any one time although the channel might not be fully occupied. In this paper, we propose cognitive power line communication (CPLC) systems where the CPLC devices are able to utilize the unused spectrum. When applying CPLC using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), it could dynamically allocate subcarriers to different users in the system for simultaneous transmissions. Three CPLC schemes are designed and their performances are compared against Homeplug 1.0 system under different application scenarios. The simulation results clearly show that one of the proposed schemes consistently outperforms Homeplug 1.0 under all simulated application scenarios without compromising quality of service for primary users. With the good results obtained, we are convinced that OFDMA can be applied onto CPLC system.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127309608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913451
Seung-Sik Eom, Hui-Myoung Oh, Taehyun Jeon, Younggyun Kim, Jae-Jo Lee, Sungsoo Choi, Young-Chai Ko
In this paper we present the physical layer (PHY) MODEM certification system of the power line communication Korea standard (PLC-KS). The PLC-KS is basically very similar to the U.S. PLC standard, Home-Plug1.0, except that bit loading is used in the PLC-KS. However, similar to Home-Plug1.0, the discrete multi-tone (DMT) with differential phase shift keying and the frequency diversity are also adopted to improve the link reliability. Based on this PLC-KS, we develop the PHY MODEM certification system where we check if the MODEM provided by the chip manufactures conforms to the standard. For this purpose we propose the following three different certifications: 1) preamble certification, 2) control and data frame certification, and 3) wave-shaping certification, which are strictly enough to confirm if the manufactured MODEM conforms to the PLC-KS. Although our certification system is based on the PLC-KS, its methodology can be extended to the communication chips manufactured based on other communication standards.
{"title":"Physical layer certification system of power line communication Korea standard","authors":"Seung-Sik Eom, Hui-Myoung Oh, Taehyun Jeon, Younggyun Kim, Jae-Jo Lee, Sungsoo Choi, Young-Chai Ko","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913451","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the physical layer (PHY) MODEM certification system of the power line communication Korea standard (PLC-KS). The PLC-KS is basically very similar to the U.S. PLC standard, Home-Plug1.0, except that bit loading is used in the PLC-KS. However, similar to Home-Plug1.0, the discrete multi-tone (DMT) with differential phase shift keying and the frequency diversity are also adopted to improve the link reliability. Based on this PLC-KS, we develop the PHY MODEM certification system where we check if the MODEM provided by the chip manufactures conforms to the standard. For this purpose we propose the following three different certifications: 1) preamble certification, 2) control and data frame certification, and 3) wave-shaping certification, which are strictly enough to confirm if the manufactured MODEM conforms to the PLC-KS. Although our certification system is based on the PLC-KS, its methodology can be extended to the communication chips manufactured based on other communication standards.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124493063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913407
Milad Mohammadi, L. Lampe, M. Lok, S. Mirabbasi, M. Mirvakili, Roberto Rosales, P. V. Veen
In-vehicle power line communication (PLC) holds great promises as an enabler of in-vehicle communication without increasing weight, volume, or cost of the wiring harnesses. In this paper, we join a few recent works and present channel measurements for a specific compact car. We discuss and compare our measurement results with those obtained in previous campaigns. Furthermore, we evaluate our measurements from the viewpoint of high connectivity. That is, we are interested in the suitability of PLC for applications that require a reliable link from any node to any other node at any time. Perhaps not surprisingly, we find that advanced transmission techniques such as multihop or frequency diversity are necessary to achieve this goal.
{"title":"Measurement study and transmission for in-vehicle power line communication","authors":"Milad Mohammadi, L. Lampe, M. Lok, S. Mirabbasi, M. Mirvakili, Roberto Rosales, P. V. Veen","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913407","url":null,"abstract":"In-vehicle power line communication (PLC) holds great promises as an enabler of in-vehicle communication without increasing weight, volume, or cost of the wiring harnesses. In this paper, we join a few recent works and present channel measurements for a specific compact car. We discuss and compare our measurement results with those obtained in previous campaigns. Furthermore, we evaluate our measurements from the viewpoint of high connectivity. That is, we are interested in the suitability of PLC for applications that require a reliable link from any node to any other node at any time. Perhaps not surprisingly, we find that advanced transmission techniques such as multihop or frequency diversity are necessary to achieve this goal.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134156815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913408
Shuxian Chen, Xiao-dong Chen, C. Parini
This paper presents the study of the UWB (Ultra Wideband) transmission characteristics over household powerline in a very high frequency band, from 50 MHz to 550 MHz. The characteristics of indoor powerline channels are examined for its use in UWB Communication in both measurements and software simulations. Firstly, broadband channel characteristics are measured in both frequency and time domain, followed by system level simulation of BER performance versus 0 / b E N . This paper presents a concept of utilising the MB-OFDM UWB model for broadband powerline communication. Results indicate that high data rate transmission is possible, by exploiting the powerline channel for UWB signal transmission in 50 – 500 MHz.
本文研究了家用电力线在50 ~ 550 MHz频段的超宽带(UWB)传输特性。对室内电力线信道在超宽带通信中的应用特性进行了测试和软件仿真。首先,在频域和时域测量宽带信道特性,然后在系统级对0 / b E - N下的误码率性能进行仿真。本文提出了一种利用MB-OFDM超宽带模型进行宽带电力线通信的概念。结果表明,利用电力线信道在50 ~ 500mhz范围内传输超宽带信号,实现了高数据速率传输。
{"title":"Measurement and simulation of powerline channel using OFDM for UWB communication","authors":"Shuxian Chen, Xiao-dong Chen, C. Parini","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the study of the UWB (Ultra Wideband) transmission characteristics over household powerline in a very high frequency band, from 50 MHz to 550 MHz. The characteristics of indoor powerline channels are examined for its use in UWB Communication in both measurements and software simulations. Firstly, broadband channel characteristics are measured in both frequency and time domain, followed by system level simulation of BER performance versus 0 / b E N . This paper presents a concept of utilising the MB-OFDM UWB model for broadband powerline communication. Results indicate that high data rate transmission is possible, by exploiting the powerline channel for UWB signal transmission in 50 – 500 MHz.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913412
S. Galli, Y. Masuda, Yoshio Urabe
The power line (PL) channel is a shared medium and channel capacity is shared among a set of users. As the number of network nodes (users) increases, each user experiences a reduction in the available throughput. Although the issue of throughput maximization in point-to-point PL links has been vastly addressed in the PL literature, very little has been done to this date on the problem of network throughout reduction as the number of PL network nodes increases. This paper address for the first time this issue and proposes algorithms that allow Time Reuse (TR), i.e. the capability of nodes to detect when it is possible to transmit simultaneously to other neighboring devices without causing harmful interference to each other. A TR algorithm is here presented and simulations results confirm its effectiveness in ensuring scalability as the number of network nodes in the network increase.
{"title":"Time Reuse algorithms: A novel approach to solving the issue of scalability in dense power line networks","authors":"S. Galli, Y. Masuda, Yoshio Urabe","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913412","url":null,"abstract":"The power line (PL) channel is a shared medium and channel capacity is shared among a set of users. As the number of network nodes (users) increases, each user experiences a reduction in the available throughput. Although the issue of throughput maximization in point-to-point PL links has been vastly addressed in the PL literature, very little has been done to this date on the problem of network throughout reduction as the number of PL network nodes increases. This paper address for the first time this issue and proposes algorithms that allow Time Reuse (TR), i.e. the capability of nodes to detect when it is possible to transmit simultaneously to other neighboring devices without causing harmful interference to each other. A TR algorithm is here presented and simulations results confirm its effectiveness in ensuring scalability as the number of network nodes in the network increase.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133431559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913414
K. Nakagawa, S. Hosoya, M. Tokuda, Yuji Igata
In this paper, we measured the interference immunity characteristics of high-speed PLC modem using Wavelet-OFDM when the narrowband conducted interference signal was injected, and also calculated them by the computer simulation using MATLAB/ Simulink. As the results, it was clear that (1) measured PHY rate at the all frequency band hardly decreased in C/I of more than −10dB, but began to decrease rapidly in C/I of less than −30dB when the interference signal was injected in the frequency band of PLC signal, (2) when C/I became −60dB, the measured PHY rate at the frequency existing the notch band were improved around 10Mbps than that at the frequency not existing the notch band, (3) when the narrowband interference wave was injected outside of PLC frequency band, the measured PHY rate did not decrease than that in each notch band, (4) calculated PHY rate at the frequency existing the notch band were improved around 10Mbps than that at the frequency not existing the notch band, when C/I became below −10dB. Therefore, it was revealed that Wavelet-OFDM PLC system had good interference immunity characteristics.
{"title":"Narrowband interference wave immunity characteristics of high-speed PLC with Wavelet-OFDM","authors":"K. Nakagawa, S. Hosoya, M. Tokuda, Yuji Igata","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2009.4913414","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we measured the interference immunity characteristics of high-speed PLC modem using Wavelet-OFDM when the narrowband conducted interference signal was injected, and also calculated them by the computer simulation using MATLAB/ Simulink. As the results, it was clear that (1) measured PHY rate at the all frequency band hardly decreased in C/I of more than −10dB, but began to decrease rapidly in C/I of less than −30dB when the interference signal was injected in the frequency band of PLC signal, (2) when C/I became −60dB, the measured PHY rate at the frequency existing the notch band were improved around 10Mbps than that at the frequency not existing the notch band, (3) when the narrowband interference wave was injected outside of PLC frequency band, the measured PHY rate did not decrease than that in each notch band, (4) calculated PHY rate at the frequency existing the notch band were improved around 10Mbps than that at the frequency not existing the notch band, when C/I became below −10dB. Therefore, it was revealed that Wavelet-OFDM PLC system had good interference immunity characteristics.","PeriodicalId":321296,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133644833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}