Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/mb.2021.92305.1038
S. Mandal, R. Krishnan
{"title":"Fungi: The budding source for biomaterials","authors":"S. Mandal, R. Krishnan","doi":"10.21608/mb.2021.92305.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2021.92305.1038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81831310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/mb.2021.91779.1037
Ahmed Abo Nouh, Fatma A. Abo Nouh, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud, Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
{"title":"The role of endophytic fungi in combating abiotic stress on tomato","authors":"Ahmed Abo Nouh, Fatma A. Abo Nouh, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud, Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem","doi":"10.21608/mb.2021.91779.1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2021.91779.1037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90318794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.21608/mb.2020.46676.1026
J. Ahmad, G. Tayib, T. Mohamed
ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is RNA virus with a positive-sense single-strand that belongs to the beta-coronavirus group that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) which originally emerged in China. Viruses with RNA genomes are known by a high mutation rate potential. The mutation rate determines genome variability and evolution of the virus; therefore, allowing viruses to evade the immune system, gain more infectivity potentials, virulence modifications, and probably resistance development to antivirals. A total of 311 SARS-CoV-2 virus whole genome sequences have been retrieved from the GISAID database from 1st of January 2020 to 31th of August 2020. The sequences were analyzed for sequence purity and multiple sequence alignment together with reference sequence was conducted through using Clustal Omega that is imbedded in Jalview software and Blast tools. We recorded the occurrence of 4 newly incident high frequently occurring mutations in all six geographic regions, namely at positions 2416, 18877, 23401, and 27964. The majority of all recorded hotspots were detected in Asia, Europe, and North America. The findings of our study suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 is in continuous evolution. For the impact of these mutations, further investigations are required and to understand whether these mutations would lead to the appearance of Drug-resistance viral strains, strains with increased infectivity and pathogenicity, and also their effect on the vaccine development and immunogenesis.
{"title":"SARS‑CoV‑2 mutation hotspots incidence in different geographic regions","authors":"J. Ahmad, G. Tayib, T. Mohamed","doi":"10.21608/mb.2020.46676.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2020.46676.1026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is RNA virus with a positive-sense single-strand that belongs to the beta-coronavirus group that causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) which originally emerged in China. Viruses with RNA genomes are known by a high mutation rate potential. The mutation rate determines genome variability and evolution of the virus; therefore, allowing viruses to evade the immune system, gain more infectivity potentials, virulence modifications, and probably resistance development to antivirals. A total of 311 SARS-CoV-2 virus whole genome sequences have been retrieved from the GISAID database from 1st of January 2020 to 31th of August 2020. The sequences were analyzed for sequence purity and multiple sequence alignment together with reference sequence was conducted through using Clustal Omega that is imbedded in Jalview software and Blast tools. We recorded the occurrence of 4 newly incident high frequently occurring mutations in all six geographic regions, namely at positions 2416, 18877, 23401, and 27964. The majority of all recorded hotspots were detected in Asia, Europe, and North America. The findings of our study suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 is in continuous evolution. For the impact of these mutations, further investigations are required and to understand whether these mutations would lead to the appearance of Drug-resistance viral strains, strains with increased infectivity and pathogenicity, and also their effect on the vaccine development and immunogenesis.","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78829110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingestion of food is the major route of human exposure to chemical and biological contaminants, especially mycotoxins. Food additives have been used throughout history to perform specific functions in foods.
{"title":"Mycotoxins and cancer","authors":"Doaa E. Elmetwally","doi":"10.21608/mb.2020.99588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2020.99588","url":null,"abstract":"Ingestion of food is the major route of human exposure to chemical and biological contaminants, especially mycotoxins. Food additives have been used throughout history to perform specific functions in foods.","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85490765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lichens were mentioned in folklore of different cultures around the world for its ability to treat several diseases; thus, it has been used in folk medicine. Lichens were believed to be useful in the treatment of wounds, skin diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory problems. It has been reported that lichens characterized by high carbohydrate storage, contain several secondary bioactive metabolites that act as antibiotics. Lichens were used topically as wound disinfectants, anti-bleeding, other skin problems such as soreness and mouth infections. According to Müller (2002), lichen metabolites possess a wide range of biologically active compounds with antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, immunomodulation and cytotoxic potentials. Despite of these different activities of lichen metabolites, their therapeutic potentials have not fully investigated yet and remain pharmaceutically untapped. We can conclude the importance of lichens usage from the word leikhēn, "what eats around itself", which derived from ancient Greek custom of using a cryptogam to treat skin disorders. Lichens are often drunk as a decoction for treating lung or digestive-related ailments. Many other lichens uses related to obstetrics or the treatment of gynecological problems. This may be due to the widespread utilization of lichens to cure infections that transmitted sexually and urinary system disorders. In many different cultures, there are other uses of lichens for the treatment of eye afflictions, the treatment of feet problems and the use of smoking mixtures. Usnea is the most commonly used genus of lichen, however it is often used synonymously with other arboreal hair lichen. Usnea is a long, pendulous and hair like species used for scalp disorders and hair reinforcement.
{"title":"Lichens in folklore: medicine and dyes","authors":"A. Abdel-Fattah","doi":"10.21608/mb.2020.99386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2020.99386","url":null,"abstract":"Lichens were mentioned in folklore of different cultures around the world for its ability to treat several diseases; thus, it has been used in folk medicine. Lichens were believed to be useful in the treatment of wounds, skin diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory problems. It has been reported that lichens characterized by high carbohydrate storage, contain several secondary bioactive metabolites that act as antibiotics. Lichens were used topically as wound disinfectants, anti-bleeding, other skin problems such as soreness and mouth infections. According to Müller (2002), lichen metabolites possess a wide range of biologically active compounds with antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, immunomodulation and cytotoxic potentials. Despite of these different activities of lichen metabolites, their therapeutic potentials have not fully investigated yet and remain pharmaceutically untapped. We can conclude the importance of lichens usage from the word leikhēn, \"what eats around itself\", which derived from ancient Greek custom of using a cryptogam to treat skin disorders. Lichens are often drunk as a decoction for treating lung or digestive-related ailments. Many other lichens uses related to obstetrics or the treatment of gynecological problems. This may be due to the widespread utilization of lichens to cure infections that transmitted sexually and urinary system disorders. In many different cultures, there are other uses of lichens for the treatment of eye afflictions, the treatment of feet problems and the use of smoking mixtures. Usnea is the most commonly used genus of lichen, however it is often used synonymously with other arboreal hair lichen. Usnea is a long, pendulous and hair like species used for scalp disorders and hair reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88206781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Finding the cause of the deterioration and arresting it were imperatives in the study. From among the wrappings, minute samples of the mummy’ chest and hair were taken for analysis. Mouchacca succeeded in identifying the destructive organism – a fungus with the splendid name Daedalea biennis (Bull.) Fr.
{"title":"Jean Mouchacca: The mycologist and Ramesses II’s mummy","authors":"Mohamed Wael Abd El-Azeem","doi":"10.21608/mb.2020.99951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2020.99951","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the cause of the deterioration and arresting it were imperatives in the study. From among the wrappings, minute samples of the mummy’ chest and hair were taken for analysis. Mouchacca succeeded in identifying the destructive organism – a fungus with the splendid name Daedalea biennis (Bull.) Fr.","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84803087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A checklist is presented of ascomycetes belonging to class Sordariomycetes in Algeria. This group of fungi is represented in the country by at least 189 genera and 470 species. The list is based on bibliographical, thesis and herbaria online databases sources. This checklist is the first comprehensive species list fully dedicated to Algerian Sordariomycetes.
{"title":"Checklist of Algerian fungi – Part 4: Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota)","authors":"Amrani, A. Nahas, Amal S. Abdel-Azeem","doi":"10.21608/mb.2019.65799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2019.65799","url":null,"abstract":"A checklist is presented of ascomycetes belonging to class Sordariomycetes in Algeria. This group of fungi is represented in the country by at least 189 genera and 470 species. The list is based on bibliographical, thesis and herbaria online databases sources. This checklist is the first comprehensive species list fully dedicated to Algerian Sordariomycetes.","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"4 Suppl 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83498214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fungal conservation and ancient Egyptians- Part 2: A spiritual heritage of a look","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/mb.2019.59424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2019.59424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76827235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egypt is the cradle of civilization and mycology. Drawing fungi is one of the joys of mycology, and something that anybody can try. Art has been a part of mycology since earliest times and published in many international journals and books. Line drawings are essential for showing details of fungal structure, whether in a field guide or fungal monographs. Ancient Egyptians produced a number of hieroglyphic depictions of psychedelic mushrooms on temples and through hieroglyphic texts throughout the country. A new attractive tool to raise national and international awareness on fungal conservation is drawing of fungi in many attractive portraits as ancient Egyptians documented them everywhere. In this series of paintings I participated with these portraits to attract young mycologists in MENA and to apply a new tool for conserving fungi.
{"title":"Fungal conservation and ancient Egyptians- Part 1: A spiritual heritage of a look","authors":"F. Shafie","doi":"10.21608/mb.2019.44738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mb.2019.44738","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt is the cradle of civilization and mycology. Drawing fungi is one of the joys of mycology, and something that anybody can try. Art has been a part of mycology since earliest times and published in many international journals and books. Line drawings are essential for showing details of fungal structure, whether in a field guide or fungal monographs. Ancient Egyptians produced a number of hieroglyphic depictions of psychedelic mushrooms on temples and through hieroglyphic texts throughout the country. A new attractive tool to raise national and international awareness on fungal conservation is drawing of fungi in many attractive portraits as ancient Egyptians documented them everywhere. In this series of paintings I participated with these portraits to attract young mycologists in MENA and to apply a new tool for conserving fungi.","PeriodicalId":32201,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biosystems Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79113623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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