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Photogrammetry Workflow for Obtaining Low-polygon 3D Models Using Free Software 使用免费软件获取低多边形3D模型的摄影测量工作流程
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.3301.42
Ricardo Pardo Romero, Inmaculada Remolar Quintana
This paper proposes a workflow for inexperienced designers to create low-poly 3D models using free software. It addresses the problem of the complexity generated by photogrammetry. The solution aims to enable independent developers to create realistic assets at cheap cost. It eliminates the need for experienced 3D artists or expensive commercial solutions.
本文为没有经验的设计师提供了一个使用免费软件创建低多边形3D模型的工作流程。它解决了摄影测量所产生的复杂性问题。该解决方案旨在使独立开发者能够以低廉的成本创造真实的资产。它消除了对经验丰富的3D艺术家或昂贵的商业解决方案的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Training Image Synthesis for Shelf Item Detection reflecting Alignments of Items in Real Image Dataset 基于实景图像数据集的货架物品检测训练图像合成
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.3301.11
Tomokazu Kaneko, Ryosuke Sakai, Soma Shiraishi
We propose a novel cut-and-paste approach to synthesize a training dataset for shelf item detection, reflecting the alignments of items in the real image dataset. The conventional cut-and-paste approach synthesizes large numbers of training images by pasting foregrounds on background images and is effective for training object detection. However, the previous method pastes foregrounds on random positions of the background, so the alignment of items on shelves is not reflected, and unrealistic images are generated. Generating realistic images that reflect actual positional relationships between items is necessary for efficient learning of item detection. The proposed method determines the pasting positions for the foreground images by referring to the alignment of the items in the real image dataset, so it can generate more realistic images that reflect the alignment of the real-world items. Since our method can synthesize more realistic images, the trained models can perform better.
我们提出了一种新的剪切粘贴方法来合成货架物品检测的训练数据集,反映真实图像数据集中物品的排列。传统的剪切粘贴方法通过在背景图像上粘贴前景来合成大量的训练图像,是一种有效的训练目标检测方法。然而,之前的方法将前景粘贴在背景的随机位置上,因此不会反映货架上物品的对齐,并且会生成不真实的图像。生成反映物品之间实际位置关系的逼真图像是有效学习物品检测的必要条件。该方法通过参考真实图像数据集中物品的对齐方式来确定前景图像的粘贴位置,从而生成更真实的反映真实世界物品对齐方式的图像。由于我们的方法可以合成更真实的图像,训练后的模型可以表现得更好。
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引用次数: 0
First Considerations in Computing and Using Hypersurface Curvature for Energy Efficiency 计算和使用超曲面曲率求解能量效率的首要考虑
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.3301.22
Jacob D. Hauenstein, imothy S. Newman
Energy consumption for computing and using hypersurface curvature in volume dataset analysis and visualization is studied here. Base usage and usage when certain optimization steps, including compiler optimizations and variant memory layout strategies, are considered for both analysis and volume visualization tasks. Focus here is on x86, which is popular and has power measurement capabilities. The work aims to advance understanding of computing"s energy footprint and to provide guidance for energy-responsible volume data analysis.
研究了在体数据分析和可视化中计算和使用超曲面曲率的能耗。在分析和卷可视化任务中考虑某些优化步骤(包括编译器优化和可变内存布局策略)时的基本用法和用法。这里的重点是x86,它很流行,并且具有功率测量功能。这项工作旨在促进对计算能源足迹的理解,并为能源负责的体积数据分析提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Synthetic-Real Domain Adaptation for Probabilistic Pose Estimation 概率姿态估计的合成实域自适应
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.3301.16
Omar Del-Tejo-Catalá, Javier Pérez, J. Guardiola, Alberto J. Perez, J. Pérez-Cortes
Real samples are costly to acquire in many real-world problems. Thus, employing synthetic samples is usually the primary solution to train models that require large amounts of data. However, the difference between synthetically generated and real images, called domain gap, is the most significant hindrance to this solution, as it affects the model’s generalization capacity. Domain adaptation techniques are crucial to train models using synthetic samples. Thus, this article explores different domain adaptation techniques to perform pose estimation from a probabilistic multiview perspective. Probabilistic multiview pose estimation solves the problem of object symmetries, where a single view of an object might not be able to determine the 6D pose of an object, and it must consider its prediction as a distribution of possible candidates. GANs are currently state-of-the-art in domain adaptation. In particular, this paper explores CUT and CycleGAN, which have unique training losses that address the problem of domain adaptation from different perspectives. The datasets explored are a cylinder and a sphere extracted from a Kaggle challenge with perspective-wise symmetries, although they holistically have unique 6D poses. CUT outperforms CycleGAN in feature adaptation, although it is less robust than CycleGAN in keeping keypoints intact after translation, leading to pose prediction errors for some objects. Moreover, this paper found that training the models using synthetic-to-real images and evaluating them with real images improves the model’s accuracy for datasets without complex features. This approach is more suitable for industrial applications to reduce inference overhead.
在许多现实问题中,获取真实样本的成本很高。因此,使用合成样本通常是训练需要大量数据的模型的主要解决方案。然而,合成图像与真实图像之间的差异(称为域间隙)是该解决方案的最大障碍,因为它影响了模型的泛化能力。领域自适应技术对于使用合成样本训练模型至关重要。因此,本文从概率多视图的角度探讨了不同的域自适应技术来执行姿态估计。概率多视图姿态估计解决了物体对称性问题,即物体的单一视图可能无法确定物体的6D姿态,并且必须将其预测视为可能候选对象的分布。gan在领域适应方面是目前最先进的。特别是,本文探讨了CUT和CycleGAN,它们具有独特的训练损失,从不同的角度解决了领域自适应问题。探索的数据集是从Kaggle挑战中提取的圆柱体和球体,具有透视对称,尽管它们整体上具有独特的6D姿势。CUT在特征自适应方面优于CycleGAN,尽管在翻译后保持关键点完整方面不如CycleGAN健壮,导致对某些对象的姿态预测出现错误。此外,本文还发现,使用合成到真实的图像来训练模型,并用真实图像对模型进行评估,可以提高模型在没有复杂特征的数据集上的准确性。这种方法更适合工业应用,以减少推理开销。
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引用次数: 0
Low-Rank Rational Approximation of Natural Trochoid Parameterizations 自然菱形参数化的低秩有理逼近
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.3301.91
Csaba Bálint, Gábor Valasek, L. Gergó
Arc-length or natural parametrization of curves traverses the shape with unit speed, enabling uniform sampling and straightforward manipulation of functions defined on the geometry. However, Farouki and Sakkalis proved that it is impossible to parametrize a plane or space curve as a rational polynomial of its arc-length, except for the straight line. Nonetheless, it is possible to obtain approximate natural parameterizations that are exact up to any epsilon. If the given family of curves possesses a small number of scalar degrees of freedom, this results in simple approximation formulae applicable in high-performance scenarios. To demonstrate this, we consider the problem of finding the natural parametrization of ellipses and cycloids. This requires the inversion of elliptic integrals of the second kind. To this end, we formulate a two-dimensional approximation problem based on machine-epsilon exact Chebhysev proxies for the exact solutions. We also derive approximate low-rank and low-degree rational natural parametrizations via singular value decomposition. The resulting formulas have minimal memory and computational footprint, making them ideal for computer graphics applications.
弧长曲线或自然参数化曲线以单位速度遍历形状,从而实现均匀采样和对几何上定义的函数的直接操作。然而,Farouki和Sakkalis证明了平面或空间曲线不可能被参数化为其弧长的有理多项式,直线除外。尽管如此,还是有可能得到精确到任意的近似自然参数化。如果给定的曲线族具有少量的标量自由度,则会得到适用于高性能场景的简单近似公式。为了证明这一点,我们考虑了寻找椭圆和摆线的自然参数化问题。这需要第二类椭圆积分的反演。为此,我们建立了一个基于机器-epsilon精确Chebhysev代理的精确解的二维近似问题。通过奇异值分解得到了近似的低秩和低次有理自然参数化。由此产生的公式具有最小的内存和计算占用,使其成为计算机图形应用程序的理想选择。
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引用次数: 0
Visualization of deviations between different geometries using a multi-level voxel-based representation 使用基于体素的多层次表示来可视化不同几何形状之间的偏差
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.3301.18
Andreas Dietze, P. Grimm, Yvonne Jung
We present an approach for visualizing deviations between a 3d printed object and its digital twin. The corresponding 3d visualization for instance allows to highlight particularly critical sections that indicate high deviations along with corresponding annotations. Therefore, the 3d printing thus needs to be reconstructed in 3d, again. However, since the original 3d model that served as blueprint for the 3d printer typically differs topology-wise from the 3d reconstructed model, the corresponding geometries cannot simply be compared on a per-vertex basis. Thus, to be able to easily compare two topologically different geometries, we use a multi-level voxel-based representation for both data sets. Besides using different appearance properties to show deviations, a quantitative comparison of the voxel-sets based on statistical methods is added as input for the visualization. These methods are also compared to determine the best solution in terms of the shape differences and how the results differ, when comparing either voxelized volumes or hulls. The application VoxMesh integrates these concepts into an application and provides the possibility to save the results in form of voxel-sets, meshes and point clouds persistently, that can either be used by third party software or VoxMesh to efficiently reproduce and visualize the results of the shape analysis.
我们提出了一种方法来可视化3d打印对象和其数字孪生之间的偏差。例如,相应的3d可视化允许突出显示显示高偏差的关键部分以及相应的注释。因此,3d打印因此需要再次在3d中重建。然而,由于作为3d打印机蓝图的原始3d模型通常在拓扑方面与3d重建模型不同,因此不能简单地在每个顶点的基础上比较相应的几何形状。因此,为了能够轻松地比较两个拓扑不同的几何图形,我们对两个数据集使用了基于体素的多级表示。除了使用不同的外观属性来显示偏差外,还添加了基于统计方法的体素集的定量比较作为可视化的输入。在比较体素化体积或船体时,还比较了这些方法,以确定形状差异的最佳解决方案以及结果的差异。应用程序VoxMesh将这些概念集成到一个应用程序中,并提供了以体素集、网格和点云的形式保存结果的可能性,这些结果可以由第三方软件或VoxMesh使用,以有效地再现和可视化形状分析的结果。
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引用次数: 0
3D Gaussian Descriptor for Video-based Person Re-Identification 基于视频的人物再识别三维高斯描述符
Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.2019.2901.1.20
Chirine Riachy, Noor Al-Máadeed, Daniel Organisciak, F. Khelifi, A. Bouridane
Despite being often considered less challenging than image-based person re-identification (re-id), video-based person re-id is still appealing as it mimics a more realistic scenario owing to the availability of pedestrian sequences from surveillance cameras. In order to exploit the temporal information provided, a number of feature extraction methods have been proposed. Although the features could be equally learned at a significantly higher computational cost, the scarce nature of labelled re-id datasets encourages the development of robust hand-crafted feature representations as an efficient alternative, especially when novel distance metrics or multi-shot ranking algorithms are to be validated. This paper presents a novel hand-crafted feature representation for video-based person re-id based on a 3-dimensional hierarchical Gaussian descriptor. Compared to similar approaches, the proposed descriptor (i) does not require any walking cycle extraction, hence avoiding the complexity of this task, (ii) can be easily fed into off-shelf learned distance metrics, (iii) and consistently achieves superior performance regardless of the matching method adopted. The performance of the proposed method was validated on PRID2011 and iLIDS-VID datasets outperforming similar methods on both benchmarks.
尽管通常被认为比基于图像的人员再识别(re-id)更具挑战性,但基于视频的人员再识别仍然很有吸引力,因为它模仿了更现实的场景,因为监控摄像头可以提供行人序列。为了利用所提供的时间信息,已经提出了许多特征提取方法。虽然这些特征可以用更高的计算成本来学习,但标记的重新标识数据集的稀缺性鼓励了鲁棒的手工特征表示的发展,作为一种有效的替代方案,特别是当需要验证新的距离度量或多帧排序算法时。本文提出了一种基于三维分层高斯描述符的基于视频的人物身份识别手工特征表示方法。与类似的方法相比,所提出的描述符(i)不需要任何步行周期提取,从而避免了该任务的复杂性,(ii)可以很容易地输入现成的学习距离度量,(iii)无论采用何种匹配方法,都能始终保持优异的性能。在PRID2011和iLIDS-VID数据集上验证了该方法的性能,并在两个基准测试中优于类似方法。
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引用次数: 2
Corotated meshless implicit dynamics for deformable bodies 可变形体的旋转无网格隐式动力学
Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.2019.2901.1.11
Jean-Nicolas Brunet, Vincent Magnoux, B. Ozell, S. Cotin
This paper proposes a fast, stable and accurate meshless method to simulate geometrically non-linear elastic behaviors. To address the inherent limitations of finite element (FE) models, the discretization of the domain is simplified by removing the need to create polyhedral elements. The volumetric locking effect exhibited by incompressible materials in some linear FE models is also completely avoided. Our approach merely requires that the volume of the object be filled with a cloud of points. To minimize numerical errors, we construct a corotational formulation around the quadrature positions that is well suited for large displacements containing small deformations. The equations of motion are integrated in time following an implicit scheme. The convergence rate and accuracy are validated through both stretching and bending case studies. Finally, results are presented using a set of examples that show how we can easily build a realistic physical model of various deformable bodies with little effort spent on the discretization of the domain.
本文提出了一种快速、稳定、精确的无网格方法来模拟几何非线性弹性行为。为了解决有限元(FE)模型固有的局限性,通过消除创建多面体单元的需要来简化域的离散化。在某些线性有限元模型中,不可压缩材料所表现出的体积锁紧效应也完全避免了。我们的方法仅仅要求物体的体积被点云填充。为了尽量减少数值误差,我们围绕正交位置构建了一个非常适合包含小变形的大位移的旋转公式。运动方程按照隐式格式在时间上积分。通过拉伸和弯曲算例验证了收敛速度和精度。最后,使用一组示例展示了如何轻松地建立各种可变形物体的逼真物理模型,而在该领域的离散化上花费的精力很少。
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引用次数: 2
Tools for development of interactive web-based maps: application in healthcare 开发基于web的交互式地图的工具:在医疗保健中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.2019.2902.2.1
Matěj Karolyi, Jan Krejčí, Jakub Ščavnický, Roman Vyškovský, M. Komenda
Interactive visualisations on the Internet have becomecommonplace in recent years. Based on such publicly availablevisualisations, users can obtain information from variousdomains quickly and easily. A locationspecific method of datapresentation can be much more effective using map visualisationthan using traditional methods of data visualisation, such astables or graphs. This paper presents one of the possible waysof creating map visualisations in a modern web environment. Inparticular, we introduce the technologies used in our casetogether with their detailed configuration. This descriptioncan then serve as a guide for the customisation of the serverenvironment and application settings so that it is easy tocreate the described type of visualisation outputs. Togetherwith this manual, specific cases are presented on the exampleof an application which was developed to display the locationof medical equipment in the Czech Republic based on datacollected from healthcare providers.
近年来,互联网上的交互式可视化已经变得司空见惯。基于这种公开可用的可视化,用户可以快速方便地从各个领域获取信息。特定位置的数据表示方法使用地图可视化比使用传统的数据可视化方法(如图表或图表)更有效。本文介绍了在现代网络环境中创建地图可视化的一种可能方法。特别地,我们将介绍本案例中使用的技术及其详细配置。然后,该描述可以作为定制服务器环境和应用程序设置的指南,以便轻松创建所描述的可视化输出类型。在本手册的同时,还介绍了一个应用程序的具体案例,该应用程序是根据从医疗保健提供者收集的数据开发的,用于显示捷克共和国医疗设备的位置。
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引用次数: 5
A Deep CNN Model for Skin Cancer Detection and Classification 一种用于皮肤癌检测和分类的深度CNN模型
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24132/csrn.2021.3002.8
M. Junayed, N. Anjum, A. Noman, Baharul Islam
Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous types of cancers that affect millions of people every year. The detection ofskin cancer in the early stages is an expensive and challenging process. In recent studies, machine learning-basedmethods help dermatologists in classifying medical images. This paper proposes a deep learning-based modelto detect and classify skin cancer using the concept of deep Convolution Neural Network (CNN). Initially, wecollected a dataset that includes four skin cancer image data before applying them in augmentation techniques toincrease the accumulated dataset size. Then, we designed a deep CNN model to train our dataset. On the test data,our model receives 95.98% accuracy that exceeds the two pre-train models, GoogleNet by 1.76% and MobileNetby 1.12%, respectively. The proposed deep CNN model also beats other contemporaneous models while beingcomputationally comparable.
皮肤癌是最危险的癌症之一,每年影响数百万人。在早期阶段检测皮肤癌是一个昂贵且具有挑战性的过程。在最近的研究中,基于机器学习的方法帮助皮肤科医生对医学图像进行分类。本文提出了一种基于深度学习的模型,利用深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的概念来检测和分类皮肤癌。最初,我们收集了一个数据集,其中包括四个皮肤癌图像数据,然后将它们应用于增强技术,以增加累积的数据集大小。然后,我们设计了一个深度CNN模型来训练我们的数据集。在测试数据上,我们的模型准确率达到95.98%,比两个预训练模型GoogleNet和mobilenet分别高出1.76%和1.12%。所提出的深度CNN模型在计算上的可比性也优于其他同期模型。
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引用次数: 8
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Computer Science Research Notes
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