E. Saleh, Yap Tzuen Kiat, C. Geng, Adam Malik Masidi, J. Joseph
Selingan Island is well known as a turtle sanctuary in Sandakan, Sabah. However, beach erosion has affected both infrastructure and turtle nesting grounds on the island. As one of the solutions, stone revetment and reef ball structures were deployed at the southeast part of the island in 2005 and 2007, respectively. The uneven stony surface of reef ball structures creates tiny pockets of space for attachment and colonization of coral larvae and sessile invertebrates. The objectives of this study are to determine the condition of the reef ball structures and to identify the types of marine fauna within these structures. The field surveys were carried out in May and December 2017. The survey area covered the 120 m length of balls structures for inventory of marine fauna using random quadrat sampling and observation of the reef balls condition. The survey areas were divided into Part 1 (1- 40 m), Part II (40-80 m) and Part III (80-120 m) from the shoreline of the island. There was only one reef ball unit damaged and others were intact with encrusting marine invertebrates and other associated marine life. The structures of the reef balls play an important role as an artificial marine habitat. A total of 3,583 individual (298 inv/m-2) of invertebrates (barnacles, bivalves, limpets and gastropods) were identified and 26 marine fauna species comprising of fishes, algae and corals associated with the reef balls structures. The marine fauna was expected to be higher if the survey could be done at the different tidal cycles, weather conditions and increase number of the survey. The findings provide insight of marine fauna at the reef balls structure in Selingan Island and enhance baseline data for marine resources management in the marine protected area of Turtle Island Parks.
{"title":"Inventory of Marine Fauna on Reef Balls Structures of Selingan Island, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"E. Saleh, Yap Tzuen Kiat, C. Geng, Adam Malik Masidi, J. Joseph","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2663","url":null,"abstract":"Selingan Island is well known as a turtle sanctuary in Sandakan, Sabah. However, beach erosion has affected both infrastructure and turtle nesting grounds on the island. As one of the solutions, stone revetment and reef ball structures were deployed at the southeast part of the island in 2005 and 2007, respectively. The uneven stony surface of reef ball structures creates tiny pockets of space for attachment and colonization of coral larvae and sessile invertebrates. The objectives of this study are to determine the condition of the reef ball structures and to identify the types of marine fauna within these structures. The field surveys were carried out in May and December 2017. The survey area covered the 120 m length of balls structures for inventory of marine fauna using random quadrat sampling and observation of the reef balls condition. The survey areas were divided into Part 1 (1- 40 m), Part II (40-80 m) and Part III (80-120 m) from the shoreline of the island. There was only one reef ball unit damaged and others were intact with encrusting marine invertebrates and other associated marine life. The structures of the reef balls play an important role as an artificial marine habitat. A total of 3,583 individual (298 inv/m-2) of invertebrates (barnacles, bivalves, limpets and gastropods) were identified and 26 marine fauna species comprising of fishes, algae and corals associated with the reef balls structures. The marine fauna was expected to be higher if the survey could be done at the different tidal cycles, weather conditions and increase number of the survey. The findings provide insight of marine fauna at the reef balls structure in Selingan Island and enhance baseline data for marine resources management in the marine protected area of Turtle Island Parks.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130877842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norradihah Ismail, Aqilah AWG ABDUL RAHMAN, M. Mohamed, Razy Japir, G. Le, F. H. Saikim
Forty-three species of butterflies from 36 genera and six families are reported for Kangkawat Research Station, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA). This accounts for 4.6 percent of the 944 species reported in Borneo. Compared to studies from other localities in ICCA, the butterfly fauna in Kangkawat Research Station is diverse and evenly distributed with a Shannon’s index of Diversity (H’) value of 3.636 and Simpson’s index of Species Evenness (E1/D) value of 0.776.The most dominant family is Nymphalidae with 27 species recorded followed by Lycaenidae with 11 species. Seven species are new records for ICCA: Eurema blanda, Mycalesis dohertyi, Nacaduba berenice, Arhopala aedias agnis, Arhopala agesias, Drupadia cineas and Taractrocera ardonia. Three species: Mycalesis kina, Acytolepis ripte and Drupadia cineas, which are endemic to Borneo are also recorded here. The presence of the butterfly species of high conservation value highlights Kangkawat Research Station as an important area for conservation of these species.
{"title":"Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) fauna of Kangkawat Research Station, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Norradihah Ismail, Aqilah AWG ABDUL RAHMAN, M. Mohamed, Razy Japir, G. Le, F. H. Saikim","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2654","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-three species of butterflies from 36 genera and six families are reported for Kangkawat Research Station, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA). This accounts for 4.6 percent of the 944 species reported in Borneo. Compared to studies from other localities in ICCA, the butterfly fauna in Kangkawat Research Station is diverse and evenly distributed with a Shannon’s index of Diversity (H’) value of 3.636 and Simpson’s index of Species Evenness (E1/D) value of 0.776.The most dominant family is Nymphalidae with 27 species recorded followed by Lycaenidae with 11 species. Seven species are new records for ICCA: Eurema blanda, Mycalesis dohertyi, Nacaduba berenice, Arhopala aedias agnis, Arhopala agesias, Drupadia cineas and Taractrocera ardonia. Three species: Mycalesis kina, Acytolepis ripte and Drupadia cineas, which are endemic to Borneo are also recorded here. The presence of the butterfly species of high conservation value highlights Kangkawat Research Station as an important area for conservation of these species. ","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131232472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. E. Besi, Dome Nikong, Justine Justine, Farah Alia Nordin, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Heira Vanessa Nelson, Nurul Najwa Mohamad, N. A. Rusdi, R. Go
A study on orchids diversity was carried out in the Sungai Kangkawat, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah, Malaysia. The study aimed to record species composition and distribution of orchids in the furtherance of orchid conservation objective in the gazetted conservation area. A total of 95 species and 30 genera were collected from South Rim, Kawang, and Nepenthes trails. The collection consists of 91 epiphytes, two terrestrials, and two mycoheterotrophs. More orchids were found in the riverine than inland areas. Our study on the species composition based on the vegetation types shows that the presence of inconspicuous and achlorophyllous, either mycoheterotrophic or leafless epiphytic orchids, are indicators of the undisturbed vegetation types. Though the finding was preliminary and brief, our encounter of endemic and rare species underlines the importance of Sungai Kangkawat forest area as an orchid biodiversity hotspot.
对马来西亚沙巴州印巴克峡谷保护区(ICCA) Sungai Kangkawat的兰花多样性进行了研究。研究的目的是记录刊登在宪报的保育区内兰花的种类组成及分布，以促进兰花的保育目标。在南缘、Kawang和Nepenthes小径上共采集到30属95种。该收集包括91种附生植物，2种陆生植物和2种异养真菌。河中发现的兰花比内陆地区多。我们基于植被类型的物种组成研究表明，不明显和无叶绿素的真菌异养或无叶附生兰花的存在是未受干扰的植被类型的指标。虽然这一发现是初步的和短暂的，但我们对特有和稀有物种的发现强调了Sungai Kangkawat森林地区作为兰花生物多样性热点的重要性。
{"title":"Preliminary Checklist of Orchids in the Sungai Kangkawat, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"E. E. Besi, Dome Nikong, Justine Justine, Farah Alia Nordin, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Heira Vanessa Nelson, Nurul Najwa Mohamad, N. A. Rusdi, R. Go","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2648","url":null,"abstract":"A study on orchids diversity was carried out in the Sungai Kangkawat, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah, Malaysia. The study aimed to record species composition and distribution of orchids in the furtherance of orchid conservation objective in the gazetted conservation area. A total of 95 species and 30 genera were collected from South Rim, Kawang, and Nepenthes trails. The collection consists of 91 epiphytes, two terrestrials, and two mycoheterotrophs. More orchids were found in the riverine than inland areas. Our study on the species composition based on the vegetation types shows that the presence of inconspicuous and achlorophyllous, either mycoheterotrophic or leafless epiphytic orchids, are indicators of the undisturbed vegetation types. Though the finding was preliminary and brief, our encounter of endemic and rare species underlines the importance of Sungai Kangkawat forest area as an orchid biodiversity hotspot.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127089475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Razy, Dg. Fazrinah A.D., John L.Y., Chung A.Y.C.
The nocturnal insect diversity was very high, with more than 100 insect species in a square metre in all light-trapping sites. The mean Shannon Index was 4.60 while Simpson Index was 176.72. It is interesting to note that Sg. Kangkawat insect richness appears to be the second highest after Crocker Range, when compared with 25 other forest reserves in Sabah. There were more than 13 endemic species and a subspecies recorded during the survey, including an undescribed species of moth (Geometridae, Plutodes sp.). In view of the high diversity and intriguing insect fauna, Sg Kangkawat Research Station has potential in promoting nature tourism for special interest tourists. Encroachment is among the threats within this forest reserve. For the general public, the boundary of some parts of the forest reserve is still not clear. Hence, it is important to have more signages to denote the forest reserve boundary. Public awareness and environmental education have to be enhanced among the local communities so that they are aware of the significance of biodiversity conservation of forest resources. The threats and issues have indirectly affected the insect fauna. As such, the forest quality would have to be enhanced in order to maintain the interesting and endemic insect fauna for biodiversity conservation. On-going cooperation with the relevant authorities, such as Sabah Forestry Department and Sabah Wildlife Department, will enhance conservation efforts and curb future encroachment. Further biodiversity research with relevant agencies should be encouraged.
{"title":"Insect Diversity of Sg. Kangkawat Research Station in Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah","authors":"J. Razy, Dg. Fazrinah A.D., John L.Y., Chung A.Y.C.","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2653","url":null,"abstract":"The nocturnal insect diversity was very high, with more than 100 insect species in a square metre in all light-trapping sites. The mean Shannon Index was 4.60 while Simpson Index was 176.72. It is interesting to note that Sg. Kangkawat insect richness appears to be the second highest after Crocker Range, when compared with 25 other forest reserves in Sabah. There were more than 13 endemic species and a subspecies recorded during the survey, including an undescribed species of moth (Geometridae, Plutodes sp.). In view of the high diversity and intriguing insect fauna, Sg Kangkawat Research Station has potential in promoting nature tourism for special interest tourists. Encroachment is among the threats within this forest reserve. For the general public, the boundary of some parts of the forest reserve is still not clear. Hence, it is important to have more signages to denote the forest reserve boundary. Public awareness and environmental education have to be enhanced among the local communities so that they are aware of the significance of biodiversity conservation of forest resources. The threats and issues have indirectly affected the insect fauna. As such, the forest quality would have to be enhanced in order to maintain the interesting and endemic insect fauna for biodiversity conservation. On-going cooperation with the relevant authorities, such as Sabah Forestry Department and Sabah Wildlife Department, will enhance conservation efforts and curb future encroachment. Further biodiversity research with relevant agencies should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127389797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A survey on solitary fireflies was carried out at Kangkawat Research Station in October 2018. A total of 33 fireflies were collected; three adult males, 13 adult females and 17 larvae. Three fireflies species were identified from male specimens, namely Pygoluciola wittmeri, Luciola sp. and most larvae consists of Pyrocoelia sp. This is a new record, mapping the existence of the species in Imbak, hence expanding the geographical knowledge of Pygoluciola, Luciola and Pyrocoelia. There are five morphospecies of unidentified females and three morphospecies of larvae. Three videos of larvae showed an emission of a long glow while the adult female in captivity exhibited single-peaked pulsing light. Male flashes were observed to emit long glows with intermittent rest. Most adult fireflies were caught flying between trees while larvae were found among twigs, leaf litter and leaves.
{"title":"Solitary Fireflies of Kangkawat Research Station, Imbak Canyon, Sabah","authors":"Vickly Mobilim, M. Dawood","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2656","url":null,"abstract":"A survey on solitary fireflies was carried out at Kangkawat Research Station in October 2018. A total of 33 fireflies were collected; three adult males, 13 adult females and 17 larvae. Three fireflies species were identified from male specimens, namely Pygoluciola wittmeri, Luciola sp. and most larvae consists of Pyrocoelia sp. This is a new record, mapping the existence of the species in Imbak, hence expanding the geographical knowledge of Pygoluciola, Luciola and Pyrocoelia. There are five morphospecies of unidentified females and three morphospecies of larvae. Three videos of larvae showed an emission of a long glow while the adult female in captivity exhibited single-peaked pulsing light. Male flashes were observed to emit long glows with intermittent rest. Most adult fireflies were caught flying between trees while larvae were found among twigs, leaf litter and leaves.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130078650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shean-Yeaw Ng, Zulzariani Isma Zulkifli, M. F. Abu Bakar, M. Suleiman
This research represents the first study on the effect of different solvent extractions on the total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids content of indigenous medicinal plant Blumea arnakidophora from Sabah. A total of three solvent types were used in this study: 80% methanol, hot water and distilled water. Determination of phytochemical contents mentioned above was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FRC) method and Aluminium Chloride Colorimetry (ACC) method. The highest total phenols content (71.7 ± 7.0 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids content (33.7 ± 0.6 mg CE/g) were obtained from the 80% methanol extract from the leaves, whereas the highest tannin content (4.9 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g) was obtained from hot water extract from the leaves. From the statistical analyses, the phenols content extracted from the leaves with distilled water showed significant difference (p < 0.05) with hot water and 80% methanol extracts. The tannin content and flavonoid content extracted from the stems and leaves did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among the extraction solvent used. This work provides a preliminary result on selecting an effective extraction solvent for phytochemicals investigation on B. arnakidophora.
{"title":"Effect of Different Solvent Extractions on Total Phenols, Tannins, and Flavonoids Content of Indigenous Medicinal Plant Blumea arnakidophora Mattf. from Sabah.","authors":"Shean-Yeaw Ng, Zulzariani Isma Zulkifli, M. F. Abu Bakar, M. Suleiman","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2660","url":null,"abstract":"This research represents the first study on the effect of different solvent extractions on the total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids content of indigenous medicinal plant Blumea arnakidophora from Sabah. A total of three solvent types were used in this study: 80% methanol, hot water and distilled water. Determination of phytochemical contents mentioned above was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FRC) method and Aluminium Chloride Colorimetry (ACC) method. The highest total phenols content (71.7 ± 7.0 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids content (33.7 ± 0.6 mg CE/g) were obtained from the 80% methanol extract from the leaves, whereas the highest tannin content (4.9 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g) was obtained from hot water extract from the leaves. From the statistical analyses, the phenols content extracted from the leaves with distilled water showed significant difference (p < 0.05) with hot water and 80% methanol extracts. The tannin content and flavonoid content extracted from the stems and leaves did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among the extraction solvent used. This work provides a preliminary result on selecting an effective extraction solvent for phytochemicals investigation on B. arnakidophora. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"69 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116378316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nattana Simon, F. H. Saikim, Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul, Nor Akmar Abdul Aziz
The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is widely used in many fields of study as it produces simple and straightforward results. However, it is rarely used by managers of ecotourism and urban green spaces. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was adopted from a destination perspective to understand industry demand. This study explores the visitors’ satisfaction level on ecotourism attributes i.e. attraction, urban green spaces and accessibility that affect tourist satisfaction towards Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia using IPA scheme. A total of 384 tourists to Kota Kinabalu were provided with a list of environmental features and asked to rate the importance of and satisfaction with each attribute. IPA was performed to compare mean scores and identify areas of concern. The analysis identified eight (8) attributes which were applauded with excellent performance on highly important features and should maintain its competitiveness as a tourist destination. Six (6) attributes resulted under the poor performance on an extremely important category; indicates the areas that should be given improvement interventions, while four (4) attributes were identified as possible overkill that implies divergences of resources elsewhere are needed. Finally, six (6) attributes faired as low in priority and effort may not be necessary on those features. Although six (6) out of 24 attributes were found to be less advantageous, an interview simultaneously conducted during the survey however found that 97% of respondents perceived that Kota Kinabalu city has the potential as an Urban Ecotourism destination. This study resulted in some findings for those at managerial level to pursue and areas that should be improved as it provides a greater understanding on the Urban Ecotourism potential in Kota Kinabalu industry, by using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) tool as it facilitates the interpretation of data. This study fosters that ecotourism product does exist in Kota Kinabalu city, and steer the industry towards sustainable development in urban centres.
{"title":"Tourist Satisfaction towards Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) As a Tool to Determine Urban Ecotourism Potential","authors":"Nattana Simon, F. H. Saikim, Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul, Nor Akmar Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v17i.2661","url":null,"abstract":"The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is widely used in many fields of study as it produces simple and straightforward results. However, it is rarely used by managers of ecotourism and urban green spaces. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was adopted from a destination perspective to understand industry demand. This study explores the visitors’ satisfaction level on ecotourism attributes i.e. attraction, urban green spaces and accessibility that affect tourist satisfaction towards Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia using IPA scheme. A total of 384 tourists to Kota Kinabalu were provided with a list of environmental features and asked to rate the importance of and satisfaction with each attribute. IPA was performed to compare mean scores and identify areas of concern. The analysis identified eight (8) attributes which were applauded with excellent performance on highly important features and should maintain its competitiveness as a tourist destination. Six (6) attributes resulted under the poor performance on an extremely important category; indicates the areas that should be given improvement interventions, while four (4) attributes were identified as possible overkill that implies divergences of resources elsewhere are needed. Finally, six (6) attributes faired as low in priority and effort may not be necessary on those features. Although six (6) out of 24 attributes were found to be less advantageous, an interview simultaneously conducted during the survey however found that 97% of respondents perceived that Kota Kinabalu city has the potential as an Urban Ecotourism destination. This study resulted in some findings for those at managerial level to pursue and areas that should be improved as it provides a greater understanding on the Urban Ecotourism potential in Kota Kinabalu industry, by using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) tool as it facilitates the interpretation of data. This study fosters that ecotourism product does exist in Kota Kinabalu city, and steer the industry towards sustainable development in urban centres.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114988878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.51200/jtbc.v12i0.2621
Kevin Foo, M. Dawood
This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and possible factors that structure the distribution and abundance of fireflies along Sungai Teratak. Six sampling occasions were conducted from March to April 2014 where ten display trees were chosen as sampling stations. Species abundance and composition of fireflies and other insects were assessed by visual assessment and sampling with aerial net. Four Pteroptyx species were discovered with difference in relative abundance, namely Pteroptyx bearni (93.1%), Pteroptyx valida (2.2%), Pteroptyx malaccae (3.9%), and Pteroptyx tener (0.8%). The results of Shannon-Weiner index, H’ was 0.316, and Simpson’s index of diversity with the value of 0.131 indicated that the firefly at Sungai Teratak was low in diversity. Abundance of firefly varied significantly between the six sampling occasions (Kruskal-Wallis = 15.382, d.f. = 5, p <0.05) but shows no difference in abundance between the ten display trees (Kruskal-Wallis = 14.181, d.f. = 9, p > 0.05). The abundance of fireflies was found to be positively correlated to the abundance of other insects (Pearson’s correlation r = 0.740, p <0.05). Comparison of fireflies’ abundance on full moon and new moon nights showed no significant difference (Mann-Whitney U = 46.00, z = -0.326, p >0.05 and Mann-Whitney U = 25.50, z = -1.945, p >0.05). Although the abundance of male (n= 232) firefly outnumbered the female (n= 149), statistical analysis proved no significant difference between both group (Mann-Whitney U = 8.50, z = -1.529, p >0.05). The mangrove trees being colonized by fireflies at Sungai Teratak was mainly from the species Avicennia alba.
本研究旨在探讨双溪特拉塔克沿岸萤火虫的多样性及其可能的分布和丰度结构因素。2014年3 - 4月共进行6次采样，选取10棵展示树作为采样站。采用目测法和航网取样法对萤火虫和其他昆虫的种类丰度和组成进行了评价。发现4种相对丰度存在差异的翼龙，分别为:熊翼龙(93.1%)、白翼龙(2.2%)、马柳翼龙(3.9%)和黄翼龙(0.8%)。Shannon-Weiner指数为0.316,Simpson多样性指数为0.131，表明双盖Teratak萤火虫的多样性较低。6个采样时段萤火虫丰度差异显著(Kruskal-Wallis = 15.382, d.f = 5, p 0.05)。萤火虫的丰度与其他昆虫的丰度呈正相关(Pearson相关r = 0.740, p 0.05; Mann-Whitney U = 25.50, z = -1.945, p >0.05)。虽然雄萤火虫丰度(n= 232)大于雌萤火虫丰度(n= 149)，但经统计学分析，两组间差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U = 8.50, z = -1.529, p >0.05)。萤火虫在双溪特拉特克定居的红树主要来自Avicennia alba。
{"title":"Diversity of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) of Sungai Teratak, Sabah, Malaysia.","authors":"Kevin Foo, M. Dawood","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v12i0.2621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v12i0.2621","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and possible factors that structure the distribution and abundance of fireflies along Sungai Teratak. Six sampling occasions were conducted from March to April 2014 where ten display trees were chosen as sampling stations. Species abundance and composition of fireflies and other insects were assessed by visual assessment and sampling with aerial net. Four Pteroptyx species were discovered with difference in relative abundance, namely Pteroptyx bearni (93.1%), Pteroptyx valida (2.2%), Pteroptyx malaccae (3.9%), and Pteroptyx tener (0.8%). The results of Shannon-Weiner index, H’ was 0.316, and Simpson’s index of diversity with the value of 0.131 indicated that the firefly at Sungai Teratak was low in diversity. Abundance of firefly varied significantly between the six sampling occasions (Kruskal-Wallis = 15.382, d.f. = 5, p <0.05) but shows no difference in abundance between the ten display trees (Kruskal-Wallis = 14.181, d.f. = 9, p > 0.05). The abundance of fireflies was found to be positively correlated to the abundance of other insects (Pearson’s correlation r = 0.740, p <0.05). Comparison of fireflies’ abundance on full moon and new moon nights showed no significant difference (Mann-Whitney U = 46.00, z = -0.326, p >0.05 and Mann-Whitney U = 25.50, z = -1.945, p >0.05). Although the abundance of male (n= 232) firefly outnumbered the female (n= 149), statistical analysis proved no significant difference between both group (Mann-Whitney U = 8.50, z = -1.529, p >0.05). The mangrove trees being colonized by fireflies at Sungai Teratak was mainly from the species Avicennia alba.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116414029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.51200/jtbc.v16i0.2038
Nazirah Mustaffa
This study was the first attempt to investigate the praying mantis diversity and composition on a long term basis in a regenerating forest of Bukit Piton Forest Reserve. The study area was a disturbed forest which had been affected by logging activities and forest fires, and undergone a restoration programme. Twelve sampling sessions were carried out over a period of one year, from August 2016 to July 2017, totalling 144 sampling days and nights. Methods included light traps, baited traps, and manual searching. A total of 187 individuals belonging to 19 species were successfully collected. The species sampled represent approximately 16% of the species that occur in Borneo. Mantidae was the dominant family, accounting for about 53% of total species and 36% of total individuals. The dominant species was Tropidomantis tenera which belongs to the family Iridopterygidae and made up 27% of the total individuals. The diversity indices showed that the praying mantis cenosis in the area was moderately diverse. This study highlighted the importance of a regenerating forest for the preservation of a significant portion of the biodiversity. We hope that the information obtained from this study will contribute towards a better understanding of the diversity of this fascinating group of insects, as well as the importance of a regenerating forest as a habitat worthy of conservation efforts.
{"title":"Diversity of praying mantises (Insecta: Mantodea) in Bukit Piton Forest Reserve, Lahad Datu, Sabah","authors":"Nazirah Mustaffa","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v16i0.2038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v16i0.2038","url":null,"abstract":"This study was the first attempt to investigate the praying mantis diversity and composition on a long term basis in a regenerating forest of Bukit Piton Forest Reserve. The study area was a disturbed forest which had been affected by logging activities and forest fires, and undergone a restoration programme. Twelve sampling sessions were carried out over a period of one year, from August 2016 to July 2017, totalling 144 sampling days and nights. Methods included light traps, baited traps, and manual searching. A total of 187 individuals belonging to 19 species were successfully collected. The species sampled represent approximately 16% of the species that occur in Borneo. Mantidae was the dominant family, accounting for about 53% of total species and 36% of total individuals. The dominant species was Tropidomantis tenera which belongs to the family Iridopterygidae and made up 27% of the total individuals. The diversity indices showed that the praying mantis cenosis in the area was moderately diverse. This study highlighted the importance of a regenerating forest for the preservation of a significant portion of the biodiversity. We hope that the information obtained from this study will contribute towards a better understanding of the diversity of this fascinating group of insects, as well as the importance of a regenerating forest as a habitat worthy of conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121898914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.51200/jtbc.v16i0.2027
K. Ong
Antibiotic resistance is an escalating threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics. This study aims to screen for antibiotic-producing microorganisms from the forest soil of Batu Timbang. Soil samples were collected, diluted and spread plated onto 1/5 Nutrient Agar (NA) and Actinomycete Isolation Agar (AIA) for the isolation of antibiotic-producing microorganisms. A total of 180 bacterial isolates were screened for their antibiotic-producing ability, and ten were tested positive for inhibitory activity against one or more test pathogens via agar overlay assay (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1717, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 700802, and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC BAA-1605). Ten bacterial isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplification and gene sequence analysis. The isolates were identified to be closely related to the genus Variovorax, Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Chromobacterium, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas and Massilia. Three isolates (Variovorax sp. A5, Variovorax sp. A6 and Kitasatospora sp. H8) are potentially novel as these isolates form a different clade from their respective closely related species via phylogenetic tree analysis using reference sequences obtained from GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases. The antibiotics produced by the bacterial isolates might potentially be new, as novel species might possess unique biosynthetic gene clusters to produce new compounds. Nevertheless, further taxonomic identification and antibiotic isolation work is required. This study has revealed the potential of antibiotic discovery from Batu Timbang (Imbak Canyon Conservation Area) and its implications in tackling antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Screening for Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria from Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA)","authors":"K. Ong","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v16i0.2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v16i0.2027","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is an escalating threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics. This study aims to screen for antibiotic-producing microorganisms from the forest soil of Batu Timbang. Soil samples were collected, diluted and spread plated onto 1/5 Nutrient Agar (NA) and Actinomycete Isolation Agar (AIA) for the isolation of antibiotic-producing microorganisms. A total of 180 bacterial isolates were screened for their antibiotic-producing ability, and ten were tested positive for inhibitory activity against one or more test pathogens via agar overlay assay (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1717, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 700802, and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC BAA-1605). Ten bacterial isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplification and gene sequence analysis. The isolates were identified to be closely related to the genus Variovorax, Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Chromobacterium, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas and Massilia. Three isolates (Variovorax sp. A5, Variovorax sp. A6 and Kitasatospora sp. H8) are potentially novel as these isolates form a different clade from their respective closely related species via phylogenetic tree analysis using reference sequences obtained from GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases. The antibiotics produced by the bacterial isolates might potentially be new, as novel species might possess unique biosynthetic gene clusters to produce new compounds. Nevertheless, further taxonomic identification and antibiotic isolation work is required. This study has revealed the potential of antibiotic discovery from Batu Timbang (Imbak Canyon Conservation Area) and its implications in tackling antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131478249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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