T. Panda, N. Mishra, S. Rahimuddin, B. Pradhan, R. Mohanty
Despite becoming one of the most valuable resources, the role of bamboo in livelihoods and rural development is poorly understood. The present study documents the indigenous utilization pattern of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex Wendl.) and its significance in the social, cultural and religious life of the people of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India. An exploratory assessment was made from 71 informants through field surveys, literature consultations and key informant interviews. Plant parts such as culms are used for various purposes including construction, handicraft, fencing, musical instruments, as well as in rituals and ceremonies. Leaves are mostly used as fodder. This plant has been instrumental for indigenous people by providing them substantial livelihood through their own indigenous wisdom, from collection to the processing of products. Proper training with modern technology, financial assistance to develop infrastructure, as well as proper marketing of products will encourage more earning opportunities among rural people of the said district.
尽管竹子已成为最有价值的资源之一，但人们对竹子在生计和农村发展中的作用知之甚少。本研究记录了印度奥里萨邦巴德拉克地区竹子(Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex Wendl.)的土著利用模式及其在社会、文化和宗教生活中的意义。通过实地调查、文献咨询和关键举报人访谈，对71名举报人进行了探索性评估。茎等植物部分用于各种用途，包括建筑、手工艺、围栏、乐器，以及仪式和仪式。树叶主要用作饲料。这种植物对土著人民很有帮助，通过他们自己的土著智慧，从收集到产品加工，为他们提供了大量的生计。适当的现代技术培训，发展基础设施的财政援助，以及适当的产品营销，将鼓励上述地区的农村人口获得更多的赚钱机会。
{"title":"Bamboo: A Source of Multiple Uses for Adoption as an Alternative Livelihood in Odisha, India","authors":"T. Panda, N. Mishra, S. Rahimuddin, B. Pradhan, R. Mohanty","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3937","url":null,"abstract":"Despite becoming one of the most valuable resources, the role of bamboo in livelihoods and rural development is poorly understood. The present study documents the indigenous utilization pattern of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex Wendl.) and its significance in the social, cultural and religious life of the people of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India. An exploratory assessment was made from 71 informants through field surveys, literature consultations and key informant interviews. Plant parts such as culms are used for various purposes including construction, handicraft, fencing, musical instruments, as well as in rituals and ceremonies. Leaves are mostly used as fodder. This plant has been instrumental for indigenous people by providing them substantial livelihood through their own indigenous wisdom, from collection to the processing of products. Proper training with modern technology, financial assistance to develop infrastructure, as well as proper marketing of products will encourage more earning opportunities among rural people of the said district.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133698105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fulgent P. Coritico, Florfe M. Acma, Romeo M. Tubongbanua Jr., Noe P. Mendez, Victor B. Amoroso
Tree species diversity and stand structure investigations were conducted in the forest patches of Barangay Baganihan (site 1) and Mt. Malambo in Barangay Datu Salumay (site 2), Marilog District, Southern Philippines. Thirty-three 20 × 20 m plots were established at 1,197-1,345 masl in the sites. A total of 900 individuals belonging to 33 families, 43 genera, and 65 species of trees were recorded. Analyses of data revealed that the two sites could be categorised as montane forests based on the forest structure and species composition. Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B. Rob., Syzygium tula (Merr.) Merr., and Astrocalyx calycina (S.Vidal) Merr. obtained the highest species importance value index in site 1, while Palaquium sp., P. philippense, and Lithocarpus caudatifolius (Merr.) Rehder in site 2. Shannon-Weiner indices (H’) in sites 1 and 2 are relatively low with H’ = 1.22 and H’ = 1.38, respectively. A total of eight threatened species were recorded, viz., A. calycina as endangered; Agathis philippinensis Warb., Becarianthus pulcherrimus (Merr.) Maxw., Camellia lanceolata (Blume) Seem., Dillenia megalantha Merr., P. philippense and Shorea contorta S.Vidal as vulnerable; and Cinnamomum mercadoi S.Vidal as other threatened species. A total of 14 endemic species of trees were also recorded in the study sites. The biodiversity in the two sites is under severe threat due to the different anthropogenic disturbances. A new population of A. calycina, a monotypic genus in the Philippines, was collected and the flowers were documented for the first time after a century. The present study is significant since it would help elucidate the patterns of tree species composition and diversity in the forest patches of Barangay Baganihan and Mt. Malambo in Barangay Datu Salumay. Further, this paper adds to the rich biological diversity in Mt. Malambo by supporting its great potential as an ecotourism site.
{"title":"Tree Species Diversity and Stand Structure in Selected Forest Patches of Marilog Forest Reserve, Southern Philippines","authors":"Fulgent P. Coritico, Florfe M. Acma, Romeo M. Tubongbanua Jr., Noe P. Mendez, Victor B. Amoroso","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3945","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Tree species diversity and stand structure investigations were conducted in the forest patches of Barangay Baganihan (site 1) and Mt. Malambo in Barangay Datu Salumay (site 2), Marilog District, Southern Philippines. Thirty-three 20 × 20 m plots were established at 1,197-1,345 masl in the sites. A total of 900 individuals belonging to 33 families, 43 genera, and 65 species of trees were recorded. Analyses of data revealed that the two sites could be categorised as montane forests based on the forest structure and species composition. Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B. Rob., Syzygium tula (Merr.) Merr., and Astrocalyx calycina (S.Vidal) Merr. obtained the highest species importance value index in site 1, while Palaquium sp., P. philippense, and Lithocarpus caudatifolius (Merr.) Rehder in site 2. Shannon-Weiner indices (H’) in sites 1 and 2 are relatively low with H’ = 1.22 and H’ = 1.38, respectively. A total of eight threatened species were recorded, viz., A. calycina as endangered; Agathis philippinensis Warb., Becarianthus pulcherrimus (Merr.) Maxw., Camellia lanceolata (Blume) Seem., Dillenia megalantha Merr., P. philippense and Shorea contorta S.Vidal as vulnerable; and Cinnamomum mercadoi S.Vidal as other threatened species. A total of 14 endemic species of trees were also recorded in the study sites. The biodiversity in the two sites is under severe threat due to the different anthropogenic disturbances. A new population of A. calycina, a monotypic genus in the Philippines, was collected and the flowers were documented for the first time after a century. The present study is significant since it would help elucidate the patterns of tree species composition and diversity in the forest patches of Barangay Baganihan and Mt. Malambo in Barangay Datu Salumay. Further, this paper adds to the rich biological diversity in Mt. Malambo by supporting its great potential as an ecotourism site. \u0000","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128262558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelod @ Gerald Jetony, M. Suleiman, Rosazman Husin, Nor Akmar Abdul Aziz, Nordiana Mohd. Nordin, N. Salleh, F. H. Saikim
Kg. Tudan is a village situated in the buffer zone of Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve (CRBR). About 402 people live in Kg. Tudan, and majority are farmers. However, the steep terrain and infertility of the soil has affected the livelihood of communities, making them dependent on the surrounding forest to support their living. The Sabah State Government, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) implemented a project in Kg. Tudan, Tuaran, Sabah from 1st July, 2013 until 30th June 2017, under a programme called "Sustainable Development for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation" (SDBEC). The project's main focus was to develop sustainable livelihoods through a participatory approach and the concept of living in harmony with the environment. After the project ended, a qualitative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SDBEC project implementation in Kg. Tudan and its implication towards the local communities' conservation awareness. Thirty-three villagers of Kg. Tudan were interviewed. The data was analysed using Leximancer software with results illustrated in the form of a conceptual map. The study's findings indicated that the knowledge and commitment of the community in Kg. Tudan on conservation was enhanced through a participatory approach. The study also identified that the community of Kg. Tudan required capacity building and integration of sustainable livelihoods with community-based natural resource management. We recommended for ministries and NGOs engaged in environmental and biodiversity conservation to direct more efforts towards developing sustainable practices that facilitate local communities' participation in preserving natural resources.
{"title":"Enhancing Community Commitment in Conservation through Participatory Approach","authors":"Jelod @ Gerald Jetony, M. Suleiman, Rosazman Husin, Nor Akmar Abdul Aziz, Nordiana Mohd. Nordin, N. Salleh, F. H. Saikim","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3935","url":null,"abstract":"Kg. Tudan is a village situated in the buffer zone of Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve (CRBR). About 402 people live in Kg. Tudan, and majority are farmers. However, the steep terrain and infertility of the soil has affected the livelihood of communities, making them dependent on the surrounding forest to support their living. The Sabah State Government, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) implemented a project in Kg. Tudan, Tuaran, Sabah from 1st July, 2013 until 30th June 2017, under a programme called \"Sustainable Development for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation\" (SDBEC). The project's main focus was to develop sustainable livelihoods through a participatory approach and the concept of living in harmony with the environment. After the project ended, a qualitative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SDBEC project implementation in Kg. Tudan and its implication towards the local communities' conservation awareness. Thirty-three villagers of Kg. Tudan were interviewed. The data was analysed using Leximancer software with results illustrated in the form of a conceptual map. The study's findings indicated that the knowledge and commitment of the community in Kg. Tudan on conservation was enhanced through a participatory approach. The study also identified that the community of Kg. Tudan required capacity building and integration of sustainable livelihoods with community-based natural resource management. We recommended for ministries and NGOs engaged in environmental and biodiversity conservation to direct more efforts towards developing sustainable practices that facilitate local communities' participation in preserving natural resources.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125981050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A total of 103 species, two subspecies and two varieties of mosses in 55 genera and 26 families were collected from Mount Tambuyukon in August 2008. This represents ca. 16.3% of the mosses reported from Sabah and ca. 13.9% of the mosses reported for Borneo. Amongst the 107 taxa, three species of mosses are new for Sabah, namely Acroporium aciphyllum Dixon, Garovaglia baeuerlenii (Geh.) Paris and Macromitrium angustifolium Dozy & Molk. The largest moss family collected here is Sematophyllaceae (13 taxa) followed by Leucobryaceae (11 taxa), and both Dicranaceae and Orthotrichaceae (10 taxa). In conclusion, Mount Tambuyukon sustains a rich and interesting moss flora, including several rare and endemic species.
{"title":"The mosses of Mount Tambuyukon, Kinabalu Park, Malaysian Borneo","authors":"M. Suleiman, R. Repin, N. J. Rajian, Y. Kien-Thai","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3964","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 103 species, two subspecies and two varieties of mosses in 55 genera and 26 families were collected from Mount Tambuyukon in August 2008. This represents ca. 16.3% of the mosses reported from Sabah and ca. 13.9% of the mosses reported for Borneo. Amongst the 107 taxa, three species of mosses are new for Sabah, namely Acroporium aciphyllum Dixon, Garovaglia baeuerlenii (Geh.) Paris and Macromitrium angustifolium Dozy & Molk. The largest moss family collected here is Sematophyllaceae (13 taxa) followed by Leucobryaceae (11 taxa), and both Dicranaceae and Orthotrichaceae (10 taxa). In conclusion, Mount Tambuyukon sustains a rich and interesting moss flora, including several rare and endemic species.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115049418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mendez, Hannah P. Lumista, C. R. Lituañas, Rainear A. Mendez, Angie Rose Villafranca-Tuba, F. Acma
Ethanolic extracts of the dry weight leaves and rhizomes of Etlingera pubimarginata (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen were used in this study to determine its phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while phosphomolybdenum method was used for the total antioxidant activity. Data revealed that the total phenolic content in E. pubimarginata leaves (27.25 ± 0.72 mg GAE/g dried sample) have greater amount of phenolics than its rhizomes (0.76 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g dried sample). Further, total antioxidant activity of E. pubimarginata was observed higher in leaves (34.83 ± 0.49 mg AAE/g dried sample) than rhizomes (1.82 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g dried sample), as well as the reducing power revealed to have higher amounts in the leaves (24.83 ± 2.99 mg GRPE/g dried sample) than the rhizomes (0.33 ± 0.10 mg GRPE/g dried sample). The high contents of phenolic compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity of extracts of E. pubimarginata. A perfect positive linear relationship was observed among the total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, and reducing power (r=1, p<0.001) based on the correlation analysis. These imply that E. pubimarginata could be potentially used as a new source of natural antioxidant. Furthermore, a description of the species, including its updated distribution, phenology, and habitat and ecology are provided in this paper.
{"title":"Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of ethanol extracts of Etlingera pubimarginata (Zingiberaceae), including notes on its Morphology","authors":"N. Mendez, Hannah P. Lumista, C. R. Lituañas, Rainear A. Mendez, Angie Rose Villafranca-Tuba, F. Acma","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3939","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanolic extracts of the dry weight leaves and rhizomes of Etlingera pubimarginata (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen were used in this study to determine its phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while phosphomolybdenum method was used for the total antioxidant activity. Data revealed that the total phenolic content in E. pubimarginata leaves (27.25 ± 0.72 mg GAE/g dried sample) have greater amount of phenolics than its rhizomes (0.76 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g dried sample). Further, total antioxidant activity of E. pubimarginata was observed higher in leaves (34.83 ± 0.49 mg AAE/g dried sample) than rhizomes (1.82 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g dried sample), as well as the reducing power revealed to have higher amounts in the leaves (24.83 ± 2.99 mg GRPE/g dried sample) than the rhizomes (0.33 ± 0.10 mg GRPE/g dried sample). The high contents of phenolic compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity of extracts of E. pubimarginata. A perfect positive linear relationship was observed among the total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, and reducing power (r=1, p<0.001) based on the correlation analysis. These imply that E. pubimarginata could be potentially used as a new source of natural antioxidant. Furthermore, a description of the species, including its updated distribution, phenology, and habitat and ecology are provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116996208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One nature-based attraction for nature lovers and ecotourists in Sabah is the variety of clam resources where exotic species such as Giant clam are protected under CITES and the Sabah Department of Fisheries. Clams are highly distributed in Sabah, attracting tourists and providing food sources for local people. Despite the popularity of clams, the relationship between clam consumption by the local community and tourists are least documented and studied in Sabah, implicating the management and conservation of clam resources through the perspective of local people and tourists. This research is significant in improving policies and decision-making for the long-term ecological and socio-economic sustainability of clam-based tourism and conservation in Sabah. Online surveys and in-person interviews on local people and tourists were conducted in Sandakan, Kota Kinabalu, Tawau and Kudat. Descriptive statistical methods, Chi-squared analysis, and factor analysis were used for analysing data. Findings suggest a relationship between clam consumption by the respondents with clam as traditional food of the respondents and the popularity of clam in the visited area. Factor analysis yielded two factors on the involvement of the local community in clam conservation and utilization in the visited area, and another two factors on the respondent's expectation based on their trip experiences in Sabah. The results also suggest that tourists commonly viewed the involvement of the local community in their visited area as more traditional-like. These views contradict clam conservation efforts in Sabah that adopt modern approaches while excluding the role of local people. This information is crucial in understanding the consumption of clam resources in Sabah's tourism industry, integrating with local cultures and adding value to calm conservation in Sabah.
{"title":"Preliminary Survey on Clam Based Tourism and Conservation in Sabah","authors":"Nor Anniera Binti Abd Ebrah, R. Peters","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3944","url":null,"abstract":"One nature-based attraction for nature lovers and ecotourists in Sabah is the variety of clam resources where exotic species such as Giant clam are protected under CITES and the Sabah Department of Fisheries. Clams are highly distributed in Sabah, attracting tourists and providing food sources for local people. Despite the popularity of clams, the relationship between clam consumption by the local community and tourists are least documented and studied in Sabah, implicating the management and conservation of clam resources through the perspective of local people and tourists. This research is significant in improving policies and decision-making for the long-term ecological and socio-economic sustainability of clam-based tourism and conservation in Sabah. Online surveys and in-person interviews on local people and tourists were conducted in Sandakan, Kota Kinabalu, Tawau and Kudat. Descriptive statistical methods, Chi-squared analysis, and factor analysis were used for analysing data. Findings suggest a relationship between clam consumption by the respondents with clam as traditional food of the respondents and the popularity of clam in the visited area. Factor analysis yielded two factors on the involvement of the local community in clam conservation and utilization in the visited area, and another two factors on the respondent's expectation based on their trip experiences in Sabah. The results also suggest that tourists commonly viewed the involvement of the local community in their visited area as more traditional-like. These views contradict clam conservation efforts in Sabah that adopt modern approaches while excluding the role of local people. This information is crucial in understanding the consumption of clam resources in Sabah's tourism industry, integrating with local cultures and adding value to calm conservation in Sabah.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133384475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. H. Petol, Loraiti Lolin, Vivian Rudolf, F. Joel, Marshall Neo Petol
An avifaunal survey was carried out at Bukit Balingkadus Forest Reserve in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia. The MacKinnon List method was used to assess species diversity. The four-day survey recorded a total of 16 MacKinnon lists with 388 individuals detected. A total of 86 species from 37 families were recorded, with H=3.89 and EH=0.65. True species richness was estimated (using SuperDuplicates® online calculator) to be approximately 114 species, with approximately 28 species not detected. There were 13 species of Bornean endemics, two of which were listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Pycnonotidae was the most speciose family with 10 species. Cuculidae and Megalaimidae were ranked second with 6 species each. Zosteropidae had the highest number of individuals at 47. The top ten most detected species made up 49.5 % of all species detected. The most detected species was the Chestnut-crested Yuhina (Zosteropidae). The majority of the species detected (81) were forest-dependent, of which 60 were strictly forest birds. Insectivores made up the most dominant dietary guild, i.e., a total of 41 species (from 22 families). Frugivores ranked second with 29 species from 10 families.
{"title":"Avifaunal Survey of Bukit Balingkadus, A Small Fragmented Forest in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"G. H. Petol, Loraiti Lolin, Vivian Rudolf, F. Joel, Marshall Neo Petol","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3943","url":null,"abstract":"An avifaunal survey was carried out at Bukit Balingkadus Forest Reserve in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia. The MacKinnon List method was used to assess species diversity. The four-day survey recorded a total of 16 MacKinnon lists with 388 individuals detected. A total of 86 species from 37 families were recorded, with H=3.89 and EH=0.65. True species richness was estimated (using SuperDuplicates® online calculator) to be approximately 114 species, with approximately 28 species not detected. There were 13 species of Bornean endemics, two of which were listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Pycnonotidae was the most speciose family with 10 species. Cuculidae and Megalaimidae were ranked second with 6 species each. Zosteropidae had the highest number of individuals at 47. The top ten most detected species made up 49.5 % of all species detected. The most detected species was the Chestnut-crested Yuhina (Zosteropidae). The majority of the species detected (81) were forest-dependent, of which 60 were strictly forest birds. Insectivores made up the most dominant dietary guild, i.e., a total of 41 species (from 22 families). Frugivores ranked second with 29 species from 10 families.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131315504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure types and bioactivities of secondary metabolites derived from Litophyton arboreum, distributed in Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia, were investigated as additional tools for establishing their species identification. As a result, a total of two secondary metabolites (alismol (1) and 10α-methoxy-4β-hydroxy guaian-6-ene (2)) were isolated from Bornean soft coral L. arboreum. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data analysis and the antifungal activities of compounds 1 and 2 were determined. In addition, the compound 2 showed highest antifungal activity against Haliphthoros milfordensis. As a result of comparison with previous literature, significant variations were observed in relation to structure types of secondary metabolites and bioactivities. Information from this study gives additional evidence of chemotaxonomic significance and baseline data for effective selection of suitable lead pharmaceuticals.
对马来西亚沙巴州雪邦加湾(Sepanggar Bay, Sabah)石生植物(Litophyton arboreum)次生代谢产物的结构类型和生物活性进行了研究。结果表明，从婆罗洲软珊瑚中分离得到了两种次生代谢产物alismol(1)和10α-甲氧基-4β-羟基石榴烯(2)。通过波谱分析对其结构进行了鉴定，并对化合物1和2的抗真菌活性进行了测定。另外，化合物2对褐飞虱的抑菌活性最高。通过与以往文献的比较，我们发现在次生代谢物的结构类型和生物活性方面存在显著差异。这项研究的信息为有效选择合适的铅药物提供了化学分类学意义和基线数据的额外证据。
{"title":"The Chemotaxonomic Identification Using Structure Types of Secondary Metabolites and Their Bioactivities of Bornean Litophyton arboreum","authors":"Kazuki Tani, C. Vairappan","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v19i.3938","url":null,"abstract":"The structure types and bioactivities of secondary metabolites derived from Litophyton arboreum, distributed in Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia, were investigated as additional tools for establishing their species identification. As a result, a total of two secondary metabolites (alismol (1) and 10α-methoxy-4β-hydroxy guaian-6-ene (2)) were isolated from Bornean soft coral L. arboreum. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data analysis and the antifungal activities of compounds 1 and 2 were determined. In addition, the compound 2 showed highest antifungal activity against Haliphthoros milfordensis. As a result of comparison with previous literature, significant variations were observed in relation to structure types of secondary metabolites and bioactivities. Information from this study gives additional evidence of chemotaxonomic significance and baseline data for effective selection of suitable lead pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127402014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) inhabit a wide range of natural and human-modified environments in Southeast Asia. Because of their ability to occupy the same space and utilise the same food resources as humans, long-tailed macaques have in some cases been regarded as nuisance and pest. As part of an effort to assess the status of human-macaque interactions in the main campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), we conducted a survey to determine the distribution range and estimate the abundance of the macaque population. We performed the survey monthly from April 2019 to March 2020 at 13 localities classified into three different habitat types i.e. secondary forest, forest edge and urban areas identified in the campus and its vicinity. The survey covered an overall area of 6.02 km2. We recorded the group or individual locations and the number of macaques with each individual's age/sex information whenever possible. The macaques consisted of three different multimale-multifemale groups and a solitary individual. We recorded a minimum population size of 54 macaque individuals with an average group size of 17.7 individuals and a population density of 8.97 individuals/km2 in the surveyed areas. Macaques were encountered every month and in all habitat types defined in this study. However, they were mainly distributed at two habitat types i.e. urban areas and forest edges near Bukit UMS and the student residential colleges where anthropogenic influence appeared to be high. We speculate that the monthly availability of food resources, including anthropogenic food waste, may partly explain this distribution pattern. We suggest that further studies is conducted in this regard.
{"title":"The Distribution and Abundance of Long-Tailed Macaques in the Main Campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah and its Vicinity","authors":"Yong Yuen Zhao, Ikki Matsuda, A. Wong, H. Bernard","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3453","url":null,"abstract":"Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) inhabit a wide range of natural and human-modified environments in Southeast Asia. Because of their ability to occupy the same space and utilise the same food resources as humans, long-tailed macaques have in some cases been regarded as nuisance and pest. As part of an effort to assess the status of human-macaque interactions in the main campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), we conducted a survey to determine the distribution range and estimate the abundance of the macaque population. We performed the survey monthly from April 2019 to March 2020 at 13 localities classified into three different habitat types i.e. secondary forest, forest edge and urban areas identified in the campus and its vicinity. The survey covered an overall area of 6.02 km2. We recorded the group or individual locations and the number of macaques with each individual's age/sex information whenever possible. The macaques consisted of three different multimale-multifemale groups and a solitary individual. We recorded a minimum population size of 54 macaque individuals with an average group size of 17.7 individuals and a population density of 8.97 individuals/km2 in the surveyed areas. Macaques were encountered every month and in all habitat types defined in this study. However, they were mainly distributed at two habitat types i.e. urban areas and forest edges near Bukit UMS and the student residential colleges where anthropogenic influence appeared to be high. We speculate that the monthly availability of food resources, including anthropogenic food waste, may partly explain this distribution pattern. We suggest that further studies is conducted in this regard.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116714233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports the first occurrence for a rare mycoheterotrophic Burmannia sphagnoides Becc. (Burmanniaceae) in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) based on a specimen collected from Gunung Mas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah Province. A morphological description, distribution map, brief notes, and photographs are presented.
本文报道了一种罕见的异养型缅甸血吸虫Becc的首次发现。(缅甸科)在加里曼丹(印尼婆罗洲)的分布，基于在加里曼丹登加省Gunung Mas Regency采集的标本。介绍了形态描述、分布图、简要笔记和照片。
{"title":"Burmannia sphagnoides (Burmanniaceae): A New Record for Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"W. Mustaqim, Y. M. Mambrasar","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3487","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the first occurrence for a rare mycoheterotrophic Burmannia sphagnoides Becc. (Burmanniaceae) in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) based on a specimen collected from Gunung Mas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah Province. A morphological description, distribution map, brief notes, and photographs are presented.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117046213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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