A survey on amphibians and reptiles or herpetofauna in Kadamaian, Kota Belud was carried out on 21st to 25th October, 2019 during the Borneo Geographic Expedition jointly organized by the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC) of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Sabah Parks. The main purpose of the survey is to update the list of herpetofauna in the study area. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was applied and transects were established at the waterfall near the expedition base camp, Pinolobu River, Kipungit River in Melangkap Noriou and Meliawa River, resulting in 15 species of amphibians from five families and six species of reptiles from three families recorded. Significantly, the survey recorded 10 species of herpetofauna that are endemic to Borneo, including one Endangered (EN) frog species namely Leptobrachella sabahmontana of the family Megophryidae and one new record for Sabah which is Ansonia minuta of the family Bufonidae. Two reptiles out of the recorded list were Bornean endemics namely Cyrtodactylus baluensis and Tropidophorus micropus. Fejevarya limnocharis and Polypedates leucomystax seemed to be the common species of amphibians recorded whereas Eutrophis rudis was the common reptile species found in the area. The result, in term of species number was low especially for reptiles due to the short survey period. However, this report managed to update the list for herpetofauna species in Kadamaian, Kota Belud. Nevertheless, this study contributes to Borneo’s herpetofauna database specifically in Sabah and serves as reference for more studies and research in future.
{"title":"Diversity of Herpetofauna in Kadamaian, Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"A. Wong, N. Makbul, Paul Yambun","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3441","url":null,"abstract":"A survey on amphibians and reptiles or herpetofauna in Kadamaian, Kota Belud was carried out on 21st to 25th October, 2019 during the Borneo Geographic Expedition jointly organized by the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC) of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Sabah Parks. The main purpose of the survey is to update the list of herpetofauna in the study area. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was applied and transects were established at the waterfall near the expedition base camp, Pinolobu River, Kipungit River in Melangkap Noriou and Meliawa River, resulting in 15 species of amphibians from five families and six species of reptiles from three families recorded. Significantly, the survey recorded 10 species of herpetofauna that are endemic to Borneo, including one Endangered (EN) frog species namely Leptobrachella sabahmontana of the family Megophryidae and one new record for Sabah which is Ansonia minuta of the family Bufonidae. Two reptiles out of the recorded list were Bornean endemics namely Cyrtodactylus baluensis and Tropidophorus micropus. Fejevarya limnocharis and Polypedates leucomystax seemed to be the common species of amphibians recorded whereas Eutrophis rudis was the common reptile species found in the area. The result, in term of species number was low especially for reptiles due to the short survey period. However, this report managed to update the list for herpetofauna species in Kadamaian, Kota Belud. Nevertheless, this study contributes to Borneo’s herpetofauna database specifically in Sabah and serves as reference for more studies and research in future.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128296073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian-Qun Koid, Rui-Yu Wong, Gillian Gabriel, Kalsum M. Yusah
Ants are ecologically dominant and important in the functioning of an ecosystem. Thus, understanding their community structure has become fundamental in ecological studies. This study aims to examine the ant richness, abundance, and composition in the secondary logged forests of Sabah, Malaysia. Ground-based fogging was employed to collect canopy ants (n=38) and Winkler extraction method for leaf litter ants (n=63). A total of 12,810 ant individuals were collected, representing 389 morphospecies, 65 genera, and 11 subfamilies. The most species-rich subfamily for canopy and leaf litter ants were Formicinae (112 morphospecies, 49.34%) and Myrmicinae (116 morphospecies, 58.00%) respectively. Polyrhachis (56 morphospecies, 24.67%) was the most diverse genera in the canopy, while Pheidole (23 morphospecies, 11.50%) was the most speciose genera on the leaf litter. The most abundant species for canopy and leaf litter ants were Dolichoderus 1 (876 individuals) and Carebara 2 (1,215 individuals) respectively. The randomized species accumulation curves and species richness estimators reveal that additional sampling is required. We suggest that incorporating a variety of ant sampling methods and high sampling efforts are important to thoroughly sample the ant assemblage in an area.
{"title":"Ant Community Structure in Secondary Logged Forest of Malua Forest Reserve, Sabah, Borneo","authors":"Qian-Qun Koid, Rui-Yu Wong, Gillian Gabriel, Kalsum M. Yusah","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3469","url":null,"abstract":"Ants are ecologically dominant and important in the functioning of an ecosystem. Thus, understanding their community structure has become fundamental in ecological studies. This study aims to examine the ant richness, abundance, and composition in the secondary logged forests of Sabah, Malaysia. Ground-based fogging was employed to collect canopy ants (n=38) and Winkler extraction method for leaf litter ants (n=63). A total of 12,810 ant individuals were collected, representing 389 morphospecies, 65 genera, and 11 subfamilies. The most species-rich subfamily for canopy and leaf litter ants were Formicinae (112 morphospecies, 49.34%) and Myrmicinae (116 morphospecies, 58.00%) respectively. Polyrhachis (56 morphospecies, 24.67%) was the most diverse genera in the canopy, while Pheidole (23 morphospecies, 11.50%) was the most speciose genera on the leaf litter. The most abundant species for canopy and leaf litter ants were Dolichoderus 1 (876 individuals) and Carebara 2 (1,215 individuals) respectively. The randomized species accumulation curves and species richness estimators reveal that additional sampling is required. We suggest that incorporating a variety of ant sampling methods and high sampling efforts are important to thoroughly sample the ant assemblage in an area.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121504743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nora Syazehan Jems, N. A. Rusdi, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Elia Godoong
Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S. Sakai & Nagam is a member of Zingiberaceae family. It is commonly known as ‘Tuhau’ in Sabah, Malaysia and consumed as a local delicacy and used as a traditional remedy for stomachache, food poisoning, and gastric problems. The plant has been reported to have bioactive properties such as anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial. Due to the high demand for this bioactive compound in national and international markets, chemical profiling of leaves, stems and rhizomes from E. coccinea was carried out. Eight germplasms were collected from Trail 1 (Kg. Gensurai) and Trail 2 (Kg. Melangkap Noriou) and submitted to the hydrodistillation process to obtain the essential oil before analysing with GC-MS. From the result obtained, a total of 85 compounds were found and 26 of these were terpenoid compounds. There are several classes of compound present in different parts of E. coccinea, such as, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, alcohol, aldehyde, alkane, alkene, ketones, fatty acids derivatives, esters, amines as well as norterpene. Most of the compounds found in E. coccinea are monoterpenes at 18 compounds, followed by alcohols (14 compounds), alkanes and alkenes (12 compounds), sesquiterpenes (8 compounds), aldehydes (7 compounds), ketones, fatty acid derivatives, esters (4 compounds), and lastly, amine and norterpene, one compound each. However, total terpenoids from all plant parts from both sites were less than 50% of total abundance. Only the rhizome part from site 2 showed the highest terpenoid abundance (43.34%). Hence, the identified compounds from the study could be expended for large-scale profiling to obtain higher yields of important constituents.
{"title":"Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S. Sakai & Nagam in Kadamaian, Kota Belud, Sabah","authors":"Nora Syazehan Jems, N. A. Rusdi, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Elia Godoong","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3446","url":null,"abstract":"Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S. Sakai & Nagam is a member of Zingiberaceae family. It is commonly known as ‘Tuhau’ in Sabah, Malaysia and consumed as a local delicacy and used as a traditional remedy for stomachache, food poisoning, and gastric problems. The plant has been reported to have bioactive properties such as anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial. Due to the high demand for this bioactive compound in national and international markets, chemical profiling of leaves, stems and rhizomes from E. coccinea was carried out. Eight germplasms were collected from Trail 1 (Kg. Gensurai) and Trail 2 (Kg. Melangkap Noriou) and submitted to the hydrodistillation process to obtain the essential oil before analysing with GC-MS. From the result obtained, a total of 85 compounds were found and 26 of these were terpenoid compounds. There are several classes of compound present in different parts of E. coccinea, such as, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, alcohol, aldehyde, alkane, alkene, ketones, fatty acids derivatives, esters, amines as well as norterpene. Most of the compounds found in E. coccinea are monoterpenes at 18 compounds, followed by alcohols (14 compounds), alkanes and alkenes (12 compounds), sesquiterpenes (8 compounds), aldehydes (7 compounds), ketones, fatty acid derivatives, esters (4 compounds), and lastly, amine and norterpene, one compound each. However, total terpenoids from all plant parts from both sites were less than 50% of total abundance. Only the rhizome part from site 2 showed the highest terpenoid abundance (43.34%). Hence, the identified compounds from the study could be expended for large-scale profiling to obtain higher yields of important constituents.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124973173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Nadhirah Izzaty Selamat, Mohamad Fizl Sidq Ramji, Hilda Jelembai Neilson Ilan, N. Teng, A. Wong, Annabel Timothy Pianzin, N. Norazlimi, N. Makbul
A bird survey was conducted at the Sungai Kangkawat Research Station (117°3′34.593″E, 5°4′29.187″N), Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah from 5th until 8th October, 2018. The objective of this survey was to produce a preliminary checklist of bird species in the study area. The primary method used was mist-netting with occasional observation from vocal and visual identification. A total of 30 mist-nets were deployed for 11 hours (0630-1730 hr.) for four consecutive days with a final accumulation of 1840 net/hours. Overall, 59 species comprising 23 families were recorded throughout the survey. Of these, 114 individuals were netted representing 41 species from 13 families. The most abundant species caught was the Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra with 26 individuals. Additionally, 18 species from 10 different families were identified via opportunistic sighting and vocalisation. This includes one Critically Endangered (Helmeted Hornbill, Buceros vigil), three Vulnerable (i.e., Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros, Large-billed Blue Flycatcher Cyornis caerulatus and Blue-headed Pitta Pitta baudii and 20 other Near-threatened species. Four endemic species were recorded namely the Bornean Blue Flycatcher Cyornis superbus, White-crowned Shama Copsychus stricklandi, Black-headed Pitta Pitta ussheri and Blue-headed Pitta Pitta baudii. We expect higher diversity of birds in ICCA because the species accumulation curve did not reach an asymptote until the last day of sampling. This suggests additional trapping effort with point counts along predetermined transects should be considered for future surveys.
{"title":"A Bird Survey of Sungai Kangkawat Research Station, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area, Sabah.","authors":"Nur Nadhirah Izzaty Selamat, Mohamad Fizl Sidq Ramji, Hilda Jelembai Neilson Ilan, N. Teng, A. Wong, Annabel Timothy Pianzin, N. Norazlimi, N. Makbul","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3464","url":null,"abstract":"A bird survey was conducted at the Sungai Kangkawat Research Station (117°3′34.593″E, 5°4′29.187″N), Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah from 5th until 8th October, 2018. The objective of this survey was to produce a preliminary checklist of bird species in the study area. The primary method used was mist-netting with occasional observation from vocal and visual identification. A total of 30 mist-nets were deployed for 11 hours (0630-1730 hr.) for four consecutive days with a final accumulation of 1840 net/hours. Overall, 59 species comprising 23 families were recorded throughout the survey. Of these, 114 individuals were netted representing 41 species from 13 families. The most abundant species caught was the Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra with 26 individuals. Additionally, 18 species from 10 different families were identified via opportunistic sighting and vocalisation. This includes one Critically Endangered (Helmeted Hornbill, Buceros vigil), three Vulnerable (i.e., Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros, Large-billed Blue Flycatcher Cyornis caerulatus and Blue-headed Pitta Pitta baudii and 20 other Near-threatened species. Four endemic species were recorded namely the Bornean Blue Flycatcher Cyornis superbus, White-crowned Shama Copsychus stricklandi, Black-headed Pitta Pitta ussheri and Blue-headed Pitta Pitta baudii. We expect higher diversity of birds in ICCA because the species accumulation curve did not reach an asymptote until the last day of sampling. This suggests additional trapping effort with point counts along predetermined transects should be considered for future surveys.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129766523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. E. Besi, Dome Nikong, Muhamad Ikhawanuddin Mat Esa, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Heira Vanessa Nelson, Nurul Najwa Mohamad, Roslin Ombokou, N. A. Rusdi, D. David, Z. Abdul Aziz, R. Go
A brief orchid diversity study was conducted from 14th to 19th October 2019 in Kadamaian, located northwest of Kinabalu area, through a scientific geographic expedition. A convenience sampling method was employed with only the flowering individuals collected and preserved as herbarium specimens. A total of 58 species and 32 genera were identified during the field visits to the Mount Nopungguk, Melangkap Noriou, Ulu Sungai Melawa, and basecamp site. The finding comprises of 43 epiphytes, 13 terrestrials, and two mycoheterotrophs. Appendicula congesta, Bulbophyllum disjunctum, Dendrobium kiauense, and Goodyera rostellata are species endemic to Borneo found during the expedition along with Crepidium multiflorum, a hyper-endemic species to Kinabalu area. Several rare species which narrowly distributed to primary forest habitat were discovered, including jewel orchids; Cystorchis variegata var. variegata and Anoectochilus geniculatus, and two mycoheterotrophs; Aphyllorchis pallida and Lecanorchis multiflora var. multiflora.
2019年10月14日至19日，通过科学地理考察，在位于基纳巴卢地区西北部的卡达马扬进行了一项简短的兰花多样性研究。采用简便的取样方法，只采集开花个体作为植物标本馆标本保存。通过对Nopungguk山、Melangkap Noriou、Ulu Sungai Melawa和大本营遗址的实地考察，共鉴定出58种32属。该发现包括43种附生植物，13种陆生植物和2种异养真菌。在这次考察中，我们发现了婆罗洲特有的物种:尾尾藻(Appendicula congesta)、分离球叶(Bulbophyllum disjunctum)、kiauense石斛(Dendrobium kiauense)和蔷薇草(Crepidium multiflorum)，这是Kinabalu地区的一种高度特有物种。发现了一些狭窄分布于原始林生境的珍稀种，包括宝石兰;杂交蟹(Cystorchis variegata, var. variegata)和龙爪蟹(Anoectochilus geniculatus)和两种异养真菌;白斑葡萄球菌和多花乐兰氏变种。
{"title":"A Species Checklist of Wild Orchids in Selected Sites in Kadamaian, Kota Belud, Sabah","authors":"E. E. Besi, Dome Nikong, Muhamad Ikhawanuddin Mat Esa, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Heira Vanessa Nelson, Nurul Najwa Mohamad, Roslin Ombokou, N. A. Rusdi, D. David, Z. Abdul Aziz, R. Go","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3449","url":null,"abstract":"A brief orchid diversity study was conducted from 14th to 19th October 2019 in Kadamaian, located northwest of Kinabalu area, through a scientific geographic expedition. A convenience sampling method was employed with only the flowering individuals collected and preserved as herbarium specimens. A total of 58 species and 32 genera were identified during the field visits to the Mount Nopungguk, Melangkap Noriou, Ulu Sungai Melawa, and basecamp site. The finding comprises of 43 epiphytes, 13 terrestrials, and two mycoheterotrophs. Appendicula congesta, Bulbophyllum disjunctum, Dendrobium kiauense, and Goodyera rostellata are species endemic to Borneo found during the expedition along with Crepidium multiflorum, a hyper-endemic species to Kinabalu area. Several rare species which narrowly distributed to primary forest habitat were discovered, including jewel orchids; Cystorchis variegata var. variegata and Anoectochilus geniculatus, and two mycoheterotrophs; Aphyllorchis pallida and Lecanorchis multiflora var. multiflora.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124855044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirushan Arunasalam, Liu Yuanwei, Yee-Yein Tan, Tulasiramanan R. Ramachandram, Kishneth Palaniveloo, Thilahgavani Nagappan
Secondary metabolites, derivatives of primary metabolites, are known for their biological activities. Marine organisms, especially marine invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates, soft corals, bryozoans, and nudibranchs are important source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological properties. Approximately 40,000 marine natural products have been identified from various marine resources. Soft corals are a group of invertebrates known for their production of a vast range of metabolites with great structural diversity. Among 39 genera of soft coral Alcyonacean, a total of eighteen different species of Lobophytum soft corals have been identified. Isolation of secondary metabolites from the genus Lobophytum is tremendously explored by researchers worldwide. This review compiles several secondary metabolites that have been isolated and published on the soft coral L. pauciflorum, including the compound structures and some notable bioactivity.
{"title":"Secondary Metabolites of the Soft Coral Lobophytum pauciflorum","authors":"Mirushan Arunasalam, Liu Yuanwei, Yee-Yein Tan, Tulasiramanan R. Ramachandram, Kishneth Palaniveloo, Thilahgavani Nagappan","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3461","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary metabolites, derivatives of primary metabolites, are known for their biological activities. Marine organisms, especially marine invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates, soft corals, bryozoans, and nudibranchs are important source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological properties. Approximately 40,000 marine natural products have been identified from various marine resources. Soft corals are a group of invertebrates known for their production of a vast range of metabolites with great structural diversity. Among 39 genera of soft coral Alcyonacean, a total of eighteen different species of Lobophytum soft corals have been identified. Isolation of secondary metabolites from the genus Lobophytum is tremendously explored by researchers worldwide. This review compiles several secondary metabolites that have been isolated and published on the soft coral L. pauciflorum, including the compound structures and some notable bioactivity.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A firefly survey was conducted in Podos, Melangkap Noriou and Pinolobu in Kadamaian, Kota Belud during the Borneo Geographic Expedition Kadamaian 2019. A total of 48 fireflies were collected representing at least seven species consisting mainly of Luciola spp. and a single individual of Pyrocoelia sp. larva. Identification reveals that two samples are potentially new records to Borneo; cf. Aquilonia sp. and Medeopteryx sp., and also Luciola niah as a new record for Sabah. Furthermore, four samples have unique morphological characters including the potential Aquilonia and Medeopteryx samples and two Luciola samples. Fireflies were caught in various locations such as near rubber plantations, trails and rivers. Findings from this report expands the distributional knowledge about Lampyridae in Borneo.
{"title":"What’s flashing in Kadamaian? A Note on Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in Kadamaian, Sabah","authors":"Vickly Mobilim, Mahadimenakbar Mohamed Dawood","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3439","url":null,"abstract":"A firefly survey was conducted in Podos, Melangkap Noriou and Pinolobu in Kadamaian, Kota Belud during the Borneo Geographic Expedition Kadamaian 2019. A total of 48 fireflies were collected representing at least seven species consisting mainly of Luciola spp. and a single individual of Pyrocoelia sp. larva. Identification reveals that two samples are potentially new records to Borneo; cf. Aquilonia sp. and Medeopteryx sp., and also Luciola niah as a new record for Sabah. Furthermore, four samples have unique morphological characters including the potential Aquilonia and Medeopteryx samples and two Luciola samples. Fireflies were caught in various locations such as near rubber plantations, trails and rivers. Findings from this report expands the distributional knowledge about Lampyridae in Borneo.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134073790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The community of Kadamaian is expected to have heightened sense of environmental and biodiversity awareness and an obligation towards protection and conservation since the community occupies an area adjacent to Sabah’s premier World Heritage Site i.e. Kinabalu Park. Of course, with support from the Sabah government, Kadamaian's community is compelled to exploit their natural surroundings as primary resources to better their socio-economic position to be at par with other communities elsewhere in Sabah. Will Kadamaian’s community be able to balance the obligation and the compulsion to exploit? An empirical study in a scientific expedition that was carried out in late 2019 at Kadamaian-Kota Belud answers this question. The unit of analysis in this study is the social relationship between Kadamaian’s community and its social artifacts. The documentation technique, direct observation technique and the interview technique were used to collect data, while data analysis was carried out according to the structuration theory using the triangulation method. The findings of this study showed the existence of three (3) interdependent social relationships that influenced Kadamaian’s community strive to balance environmental and socio-economic issues. While these relationships have somewhat contributed to the establishment of a non-governmental organization i.e. Kadamaian Biocultural Protocol Committee that focused on the environmental obligation of Kadamaian’s community, other small enterprising network focused on socio-economic compulsion. The implication of these relationships is discussed in the article.
{"title":"Balance environmental obligations and socio-economic compulsion; the case of Kadamaian’s indigenous community proficiency needs","authors":"R. Peters","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3471","url":null,"abstract":"The community of Kadamaian is expected to have heightened sense of environmental and biodiversity awareness and an obligation towards protection and conservation since the community occupies an area adjacent to Sabah’s premier World Heritage Site i.e. Kinabalu Park. Of course, with support from the Sabah government, Kadamaian's community is compelled to exploit their natural surroundings as primary resources to better their socio-economic position to be at par with other communities elsewhere in Sabah. Will Kadamaian’s community be able to balance the obligation and the compulsion to exploit? An empirical study in a scientific expedition that was carried out in late 2019 at Kadamaian-Kota Belud answers this question. The unit of analysis in this study is the social relationship between Kadamaian’s community and its social artifacts. The documentation technique, direct observation technique and the interview technique were used to collect data, while data analysis was carried out according to the structuration theory using the triangulation method. The findings of this study showed the existence of three (3) interdependent social relationships that influenced Kadamaian’s community strive to balance environmental and socio-economic issues. While these relationships have somewhat contributed to the establishment of a non-governmental organization i.e. Kadamaian Biocultural Protocol Committee that focused on the environmental obligation of Kadamaian’s community, other small enterprising network focused on socio-economic compulsion. The implication of these relationships is discussed in the article.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115099888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. H. Petol, Loraiti Lolin, Vivian Rudolf, Yuliani Binti Bang Bang Ardiansjah
An avifaunal survey was carried out at Mengilan Forest Reserve. The MacKinnon List method was used to assess species diversity. The three-day survey recorded a total of 18 lists with 486 individuals detected. Seventy-five species from 33 families were recorded, with H=3.86 and EH=0.62. True species richness was estimated (using SuperDuplicates® online calculator) to be approximately 91 species, with approximately 16 species not detected. The seven Bornean endemics detected were: Black-crowned Pitta, Bornean Leafbird, Bornean Black Magpie, Bornean Necklaced Partridge, Dusky Munia, White-crowned Shama and Yellow-rumped Flowerpecker. Pellorneidae (jungle babblers) and Pycnonotidae (bulbuls) were the most speciose families with six species. Nectariniidae (sunbirds and spiderhunters) and Cuculidae (cuckoos) each had five species. Timaliidae had four species. Apodidae (swifts), Pycnonotidae and Cisticolidae (warblers) had the highest percentages of individuals detected with 10.7%, 9.7% and 8.4%, respectively. The five species with the highest relative abundance index were Silver-rumped Spinetail (0.084), Dusky Munia (0.058), Yellow-bellied Prinia (0.045), Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot and Green Iora (both 0.043) and the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (0.039). The majority of the species detected (68) were forest-dependent species. Of these, 55 species were strictly forest birds. Insectivores made up the most dominant dietary guild, i.e., a total of 46 species (from 21 families) with 41 species in 18 families being strict insectivores.
{"title":"Avifaunal survey of Mengilan Forest Reserve and its surrounding areas in Pensiangan, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"G. H. Petol, Loraiti Lolin, Vivian Rudolf, Yuliani Binti Bang Bang Ardiansjah","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3455","url":null,"abstract":"An avifaunal survey was carried out at Mengilan Forest Reserve. The MacKinnon List method was used to assess species diversity. The three-day survey recorded a total of 18 lists with 486 individuals detected. Seventy-five species from 33 families were recorded, with H=3.86 and EH=0.62. True species richness was estimated (using SuperDuplicates® online calculator) to be approximately 91 species, with approximately 16 species not detected. The seven Bornean endemics detected were: Black-crowned Pitta, Bornean Leafbird, Bornean Black Magpie, Bornean Necklaced Partridge, Dusky Munia, White-crowned Shama and Yellow-rumped Flowerpecker. Pellorneidae (jungle babblers) and Pycnonotidae (bulbuls) were the most speciose families with six species. Nectariniidae (sunbirds and spiderhunters) and Cuculidae (cuckoos) each had five species. Timaliidae had four species. Apodidae (swifts), Pycnonotidae and Cisticolidae (warblers) had the highest percentages of individuals detected with 10.7%, 9.7% and 8.4%, respectively. The five species with the highest relative abundance index were Silver-rumped Spinetail (0.084), Dusky Munia (0.058), Yellow-bellied Prinia (0.045), Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot and Green Iora (both 0.043) and the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (0.039). The majority of the species detected (68) were forest-dependent species. Of these, 55 species were strictly forest birds. Insectivores made up the most dominant dietary guild, i.e., a total of 46 species (from 21 families) with 41 species in 18 families being strict insectivores.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Cor S. Salolog, Heidi C. Porquis, Arturo G. Gracia, Jr
Bird conservation is one of the main concerns of conservation societies due to its crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance. However, for this to be realized, there is a need for continuous updating on ecological information necessary for conservation planning, especially for less explored habitats. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and status of birds in one of the understudied areas in Bukidnon, Philippines. Mist-netting for a total of 200 net-days, transect-line, and point-counts were carried out to record the birds. A total of 31 species with 386 individuals in 23 families were noted. Overall diversity value was relatively higher with H’ index of 2.87, equitability value of 0.84, and a level of dominance (D) of only 0.08. Thus indicating that the habitat is diverse. However, concerning the uniformity of the population within the community, the birds’ assemblage was noted to be moderately even with J’ value of 0.56. The assemblage of birds was a mixture of insectivores, frugivores, carnivores, nectarivores, granivores, and omnivores which are essential for seed dispersal, pollination, pest control, and ecosystem re-constructing. Seven endemic species were noted. Among the birds, Padda oryzavora was the threatened species observed, while nine species were assessed to have a declining population. The threats observed in the area include hunting traps called “pulot," slingshot, slash and burn (Kaingin), and mist-netting. Based on the results, despite the limitations on the actual observation and documentation, Mt. Pantaron Range was found to house various species of avian fauna, which is worth saving from the different threats like habitat destruction and unregulated exploitation.
{"title":"Avian Diversity, Feeding Guilds and Conservation Status in Mt. Pantaron, San Fernando, Bukidnon, Philippines","authors":"Mary Cor S. Salolog, Heidi C. Porquis, Arturo G. Gracia, Jr","doi":"10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v18i.3457","url":null,"abstract":"Bird conservation is one of the main concerns of conservation societies due to its crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance. However, for this to be realized, there is a need for continuous updating on ecological information necessary for conservation planning, especially for less explored habitats. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and status of birds in one of the understudied areas in Bukidnon, Philippines. Mist-netting for a total of 200 net-days, transect-line, and point-counts were carried out to record the birds. A total of 31 species with 386 individuals in 23 families were noted. Overall diversity value was relatively higher with H’ index of 2.87, equitability value of 0.84, and a level of dominance (D) of only 0.08. Thus indicating that the habitat is diverse. However, concerning the uniformity of the population within the community, the birds’ assemblage was noted to be moderately even with J’ value of 0.56. The assemblage of birds was a mixture of insectivores, frugivores, carnivores, nectarivores, granivores, and omnivores which are essential for seed dispersal, pollination, pest control, and ecosystem re-constructing. Seven endemic species were noted. Among the birds, Padda oryzavora was the threatened species observed, while nine species were assessed to have a declining population. The threats observed in the area include hunting traps called “pulot,\" slingshot, slash and burn (Kaingin), and mist-netting. Based on the results, despite the limitations on the actual observation and documentation, Mt. Pantaron Range was found to house various species of avian fauna, which is worth saving from the different threats like habitat destruction and unregulated exploitation.","PeriodicalId":322463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125344171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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