{"title":"Examining Visitor Collected Species Data from Denali National Park and Preserve","authors":"H. Fischer, E. Wentz, L. Gerber","doi":"10.5334/cstp.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates surface water quality in Luxembourg with the help of citizen scientists. The fundamental question explored relates to uncertainty and judgements on what constitutes adequate data sets, comparing official data and citizen science. The case study evaluates how gaps and uncertainties in official data for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG 6), Indicator 6.3.2 on water quality, and the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), can be served with citizen science. In two Water Blitz sampling events organised in collaboration with the NGO Earthwatch, participants sampled water bodies at locations of their choice, using field kits to estimate nitrate (NO 3--N) and phosphate (PO 43– -P) concentrations. Samples were collected (428 in total) over two weekend events, providing snapshots in time with a good geographic coverage of the water bodies across the country: 35% of nitrate and 29% of phosphate values were found to exceed thresholds used by the European Environment Agency to classify the nutrient content in water as good. Our study puts forward recommendations on how citizen science data can complement official monitoring by national agencies with a focus on how such data can be represented to serve the understanding and discussion of uncertainties associated with such ordinal data sets. The main challenge addressed is high levels of natural variation in nutrient levels with both natural and anthropogenic multi-factorial causes. In discussing the merits and limitations of citizen science data sets, the results of this study demonstrate that a particular strength of citizen science is the identification of pollution hotspots in small water bodies, which despite being critical for ecosystem wellbeing are often overlooked in official monitoring. In addition, citizen science increases public awareness and experiential learning about factors affecting surface water quality and policies concerning it.
这项研究在公民科学家的帮助下调查了卢森堡的地表水质量。所探讨的基本问题涉及不确定性和对什么是足够的数据集的判断，比较官方数据和公民科学。该案例研究评估了联合国可持续发展目标6 (UN SDG 6)、水质指标6.3.2和欧盟水框架指令(WFD)官方数据中的差距和不确定性如何与公民科学相结合。在与非政府组织“地球观察”合作组织的两次“水闪电战”采样活动中，参与者在自己选择的地点对水体进行采样，使用现场工具包估算硝酸盐(no3—N)和磷酸盐(po43—p)的浓度。在两个周末的活动中收集了样本(总共428个)，及时提供了全国水体地理覆盖范围的快照:35%的硝酸盐和29%的磷酸盐值被发现超过了欧洲环境局(European Environment Agency)用于将水中营养成分分类为良好的阈值。我们的研究就公民科学数据如何补充国家机构的官方监测提出了建议，重点是如何表示这些数据，以帮助理解和讨论与此类有序数据集相关的不确定性。解决的主要挑战是自然和人为多因素造成的营养水平的高水平自然变化。在讨论公民科学数据集的优点和局限性时，本研究的结果表明，公民科学的一个特殊优势是识别小水体的污染热点，尽管这对生态系统健康至关重要，但在官方监测中往往被忽视。此外，公民科学提高了公众对影响地表水质量的因素和相关政策的认识和经验学习。
{"title":"How Certain is Good Enough? Managing Data Quality and Uncertainty in Ordinal Citizen Science Data Sets for Evidence-Based Policies on Fresh Water","authors":"J. Stankiewicz, A. König, K. Pickar, Stefan Weiss","doi":"10.5334/cstp.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.592","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates surface water quality in Luxembourg with the help of citizen scientists. The fundamental question explored relates to uncertainty and judgements on what constitutes adequate data sets, comparing official data and citizen science. The case study evaluates how gaps and uncertainties in official data for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG 6), Indicator 6.3.2 on water quality, and the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), can be served with citizen science. In two Water Blitz sampling events organised in collaboration with the NGO Earthwatch, participants sampled water bodies at locations of their choice, using field kits to estimate nitrate (NO 3--N) and phosphate (PO 43– -P) concentrations. Samples were collected (428 in total) over two weekend events, providing snapshots in time with a good geographic coverage of the water bodies across the country: 35% of nitrate and 29% of phosphate values were found to exceed thresholds used by the European Environment Agency to classify the nutrient content in water as good. Our study puts forward recommendations on how citizen science data can complement official monitoring by national agencies with a focus on how such data can be represented to serve the understanding and discussion of uncertainties associated with such ordinal data sets. The main challenge addressed is high levels of natural variation in nutrient levels with both natural and anthropogenic multi-factorial causes. In discussing the merits and limitations of citizen science data sets, the results of this study demonstrate that a particular strength of citizen science is the identification of pollution hotspots in small water bodies, which despite being critical for ecosystem wellbeing are often overlooked in official monitoring. In addition, citizen science increases public awareness and experiential learning about factors affecting surface water quality and policies concerning it.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia Cronemberger, K. T. Ribeiro, Rachel Klaczko Acosta, Dárlison Fernandes Carvalho de Andrade, O. Marini-Filho, Laura Shizue Moriga Masuda, Keila Rêgo Mendes, S. Nienow, Carla Natacha Marcolino Polaz, M. L. Reis, Ricardo Sampaio, Jumara Marques Souza, Cristina Farah de Tófoli
The Brazilian Biodiversity Monitoring Program (Monitora Program) is a long-term large-scale program aimed at monitoring the state of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in the protected areas (PAs) managed by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Encouraging qualified social participation is one of Monitora Program’s guiding principles. In this case study, we describe how citizen participation occurs in various stages of the Monitora Program, including planning, data collection, interpretation, and discussion of results. Aspects that are crucial for a legitimate and continuous involvement and participation are described. We also illustrate some of the results from the Program and discuss how the program can contribute to Brazil’s achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2022, the program was implemented in 113 of the 334 protected areas managed by ICMBio, most of them in the Amazon. The program results are aligned to 12 of the 17 SDGs, influencing changes that move society closer to these goals at the local scale. Data from the Monitora Program can be used to support Brazilian SDG reporting, but this requires further developments. Social participation in Monitora Program has strengthened links between institutions and people of different profiles, enhancing participation in protected area (PA) management and generating multiple local impacts, while producing quality biodiversity information to inform decision-making in conservation.
巴西生物多样性监测计划(Monitora计划)是一项长期的大型计划，旨在监测由Chico Mendes de conserva o da Biodiversidade研究所(ICMBio)管理的保护区(PAs)的生物多样性状况和相关生态系统服务。鼓励合格的社会参与是Monitora项目的指导原则之一。在这个案例研究中，我们描述了公民参与在Monitora项目的各个阶段是如何发生的，包括规划、数据收集、解释和结果讨论。描述了对合法和持续的参与和参与至关重要的方面。我们还介绍了该计划的一些成果，并讨论了该计划如何为巴西实现联合国可持续发展目标做出贡献。2022年，该计划在ICMBio管理的334个保护区中的113个实施，其中大部分在亚马逊地区。该项目成果与17项可持续发展目标中的12项相一致，影响了使社会在地方层面更接近这些目标的变革。Monitora项目的数据可用于支持巴西的可持续发展目标报告，但这需要进一步发展。Monitora项目的社会参与加强了不同背景的机构和人员之间的联系，提高了对保护区管理的参与，产生了多重的地方影响，同时产生了高质量的生物多样性信息，为保护决策提供了信息。
{"title":"Social Participation in the Brazilian National Biodiversity Monitoring Program Leads to Multiple Socioenvironmental Outcomes","authors":"Cecilia Cronemberger, K. T. Ribeiro, Rachel Klaczko Acosta, Dárlison Fernandes Carvalho de Andrade, O. Marini-Filho, Laura Shizue Moriga Masuda, Keila Rêgo Mendes, S. Nienow, Carla Natacha Marcolino Polaz, M. L. Reis, Ricardo Sampaio, Jumara Marques Souza, Cristina Farah de Tófoli","doi":"10.5334/cstp.582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.582","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Biodiversity Monitoring Program (Monitora Program) is a long-term large-scale program aimed at monitoring the state of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in the protected areas (PAs) managed by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Encouraging qualified social participation is one of Monitora Program’s guiding principles. In this case study, we describe how citizen participation occurs in various stages of the Monitora Program, including planning, data collection, interpretation, and discussion of results. Aspects that are crucial for a legitimate and continuous involvement and participation are described. We also illustrate some of the results from the Program and discuss how the program can contribute to Brazil’s achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2022, the program was implemented in 113 of the 334 protected areas managed by ICMBio, most of them in the Amazon. The program results are aligned to 12 of the 17 SDGs, influencing changes that move society closer to these goals at the local scale. Data from the Monitora Program can be used to support Brazilian SDG reporting, but this requires further developments. Social participation in Monitora Program has strengthened links between institutions and people of different profiles, enhancing participation in protected area (PA) management and generating multiple local impacts, while producing quality biodiversity information to inform decision-making in conservation.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Citizen Science into the Work of United States Environmental Agencies","authors":"George Wyeth","doi":"10.5334/cstp.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Halting biodiversity loss on land (Sustainable Development Goal [SDG] 15) is an unfolding problem, and as such, requires novel solutions. Citizen science (CS) promises large quantities of data, but introduces the challenge of ensuring these are valuable to conservation research and can inform meaningful action. This paper contributes to this endeavour, examining the impact of systematic as opposed to unstructured fieldwork on the biodiversity monitoring value of data from the Second Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP2). SABAP2 “atlasers” work within a fine-scale grid system to generate avian species checklists that are comprehensive at the time of fieldwork. Though valuable, unstructured fieldwork efforts paint an incomplete picture; effective conservation action requires monitoring—keeping a finger on the pulse of local biodiversity through consistent and systematic data collection. Systematic collection allows for the detection of nuanced biological patterns such as seasonal population trends and movements, rapidly alerting scientists to anomalies and galvanizing swift response. It is, however, a demanding protocol, and implementation requires careful consideration of participant impact and motivations. Here, we used a newly developed approach for measuring temporal data quality to examine the systematic atlasing efforts of a CS community in the Hessequa Atlasing Area, South Africa, assessing the biodiversity monitoring value of structured data collection versus opportunistic checklists. We found that structured data collection increased the temporal resolution of atlas data, and thus its monitoring quality. We discuss challenges in maintaining achievable fieldwork goals for participants, and examine Hessequa’s project structure and participant motivations to provide recommendations for future project management.
{"title":"Temporal Dimensions of Data Quality in Bird Atlases: the Case of the Second Southern African Bird Atlas Project","authors":"Karis A. Daniel, L. Underhill","doi":"10.5334/cstp.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.578","url":null,"abstract":"Halting biodiversity loss on land (Sustainable Development Goal [SDG] 15) is an unfolding problem, and as such, requires novel solutions. Citizen science (CS) promises large quantities of data, but introduces the challenge of ensuring these are valuable to conservation research and can inform meaningful action. This paper contributes to this endeavour, examining the impact of systematic as opposed to unstructured fieldwork on the biodiversity monitoring value of data from the Second Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP2). SABAP2 “atlasers” work within a fine-scale grid system to generate avian species checklists that are comprehensive at the time of fieldwork. Though valuable, unstructured fieldwork efforts paint an incomplete picture; effective conservation action requires monitoring—keeping a finger on the pulse of local biodiversity through consistent and systematic data collection. Systematic collection allows for the detection of nuanced biological patterns such as seasonal population trends and movements, rapidly alerting scientists to anomalies and galvanizing swift response. It is, however, a demanding protocol, and implementation requires careful consideration of participant impact and motivations. Here, we used a newly developed approach for measuring temporal data quality to examine the systematic atlasing efforts of a CS community in the Hessequa Atlasing Area, South Africa, assessing the biodiversity monitoring value of structured data collection versus opportunistic checklists. We found that structured data collection increased the temporal resolution of atlas data, and thus its monitoring quality. We discuss challenges in maintaining achievable fieldwork goals for participants, and examine Hessequa’s project structure and participant motivations to provide recommendations for future project management.","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Arevalo Cabra, Karen Chávez Quintero, Andrés D. Pérez, Grace Torres Pineda, Julieth Solano Villa, Vahan Martirosyan
In recent years, the use of nontraditional data sources in statistical production has been increasing, given the additional need for more timely and disaggregated data. In the scope of nontraditional sources, citizen science represents an innovative approach to filling data gaps and including citizens as part of the recent innovation processes of national statistical offices (NSOs) in both the production of statistics and its role as data stewards of the national statistical systems (NSSs). The National Statistical Office of Colombia (DANE, acronym in Spanish) has structured a project within the framework of the Data4Now initiative for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators from SDG 16, using social networks as an alternative source of data generated by citizens
{"title":"Civil Society Data for Sustainable Development Goal 16 Monitoring: A Case Study of the Use of Social Networks for Measuring Perception of Discrimination","authors":"Victor Arevalo Cabra, Karen Chávez Quintero, Andrés D. Pérez, Grace Torres Pineda, Julieth Solano Villa, Vahan Martirosyan","doi":"10.5334/cstp.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.590","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the use of nontraditional data sources in statistical production has been increasing, given the additional need for more timely and disaggregated data. In the scope of nontraditional sources, citizen science represents an innovative approach to filling data gaps and including citizens as part of the recent innovation processes of national statistical offices (NSOs) in both the production of statistics and its role as data stewards of the national statistical systems (NSSs). The National Statistical Office of Colombia (DANE, acronym in Spanish) has structured a project within the framework of the Data4Now initiative for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators from SDG 16, using social networks as an alternative source of data generated by citizens","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various efforts have been undertaken to encourage citizen science contribution to the United Nations’ (UN’s) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These attempts are connected chiefly to the measurement of specific sustainability indicators. Using perspectives from critical theories on equity and justice to review the recent literature on employing citizen science for the SDGs, we argue that those advocating that citizen science be used for monitoring and fulfilling global sustainability goals should also be attentive to questions of historically inequitable power relations in the production of knowledge, and they should embrace both decolonial perspectives on science as well as a humbler stance on global data monitoring and governance. While we have argued elsewhere that citizen science should be attentive to various forms of exclusion and epistemic injustice, such attentiveness is even more relevant in the context of attempting to globalize citizen science activities. For this, we draw on alternative forms of citizen science, namely citizen social science and tracking science
{"title":"Contributions of Citizen Science to the Sustainable Development Goals: Is Transformative “Global” Citizen Science Possible?","authors":"L. Lorenz, Robert Lepenies","doi":"10.5334/cstp.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.595","url":null,"abstract":"Various efforts have been undertaken to encourage citizen science contribution to the United Nations’ (UN’s) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These attempts are connected chiefly to the measurement of specific sustainability indicators. Using perspectives from critical theories on equity and justice to review the recent literature on employing citizen science for the SDGs, we argue that those advocating that citizen science be used for monitoring and fulfilling global sustainability goals should also be attentive to questions of historically inequitable power relations in the production of knowledge, and they should embrace both decolonial perspectives on science as well as a humbler stance on global data monitoring and governance. While we have argued elsewhere that citizen science should be attentive to various forms of exclusion and epistemic injustice, such attentiveness is even more relevant in the context of attempting to globalize citizen science activities. For this, we draw on alternative forms of citizen science, namely citizen social science and tracking science","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71067738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Citizen Science for One Digital Health: A Rapid Qualitative Review of Studies in Air Quality with Reflections on a Conceptual Model","authors":"T. Kariotis, Ann Borda, K. Winkel, K. Gray","doi":"10.5334/cstp.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71066843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Peterman, Veronica Del Bianco, Andrea Grover, Cathlyn Davis, Holly K. Rosser
This paper is the culmination of several facilitated exercises and meetings between external researchers and five citizen science (CS) project teams who analyzed existing data records to understand CS volunteers’ accuracy and skills. CS teams identified a wide range of skill variables that were “hiding in plain sight” in their data records
{"title":"Hiding in Plain Sight: Secondary Analysis of Data Records as a Method for Learning about Citizen Science Projects and Volunteers’ Skills","authors":"K. Peterman, Veronica Del Bianco, Andrea Grover, Cathlyn Davis, Holly K. Rosser","doi":"10.5334/cstp.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.476","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the culmination of several facilitated exercises and meetings between external researchers and five citizen science (CS) project teams who analyzed existing data records to understand CS volunteers’ accuracy and skills. CS teams identified a wide range of skill variables that were “hiding in plain sight” in their data records","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47826148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Survey of Citizen Science Gaming Experiences","authors":"J. Miller, Kutub Gandhi, A. Gander, Seth Cooper","doi":"10.5334/cstp.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32270,"journal":{"name":"Citizen Science Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42108855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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