Goran Kozomara, Petar Petrović, G. Nikolić, B. Jorgić, Miodrag Kocić, M. Aleksandrović
Uvod Košarka u kolicima je sport koji se igra još od četrdesetih godina prošlog vijeka (Kasum, 2015). Ser Ludvig Gutman je najzaslužniji za razvoj košarke u kolicima. Kao ljekar radio je u bolnici u Ajlsberiju u Stouk Mandevilu (DePauw & Gavron, 2005), i tamo adaptirao košarku da je mogu igrati osobe koje su u ratu zadobile povrede kičmene moždine (Silver, 2012). Na taj način se ubrzavala rehabilitacija – fizička i psihička (Goosey-Tolfrey, 2010). Košarka u kolicima je paraolimpijski sport od prvih Igara koje su održane 1960. godine u Rimu (Milenković & Živanović, 2010). Osnovna pravila košarke u kolicima veoma su slična klasičnoj košarci (visina koša, veličina terena, linija slobodnih bacanja, linija za tri poena su jednakih dimenzija). Igraju dva tima sa po pet igrača na terenu. Vrijeme trajanja utakmice je četiri perioda po deset minuta (International Wheelchair Basketball Federation, 2017). Jedina razlika je u tome što igrači, iz razumljivih razloga, sjede u kolicima. Da bi dvije ekipe košarku u kolicima mogle ravnopravno da igraju, uvedena je klasifikacija. Klasifikacija je proces kojim se ukupni timski potencijal na terenu izjednačava sa timskim potencijalom protivnika. Tu se na osnovu funkcionalne sposobnosti igrača, dodeljuje bodovna vrijednost svakom igraču posebno. Međunarodni raspon za klasifikaciju je od 1,0 do 4,5 bodova, a za petorku na terenu 14 bodova (IWBF Player Classification Commission, 2014). Danas se košarka u kolicima igra na svim kontinentima, a najveća takmičenja su Paraolimpijske igre, svjetska i kontinentalna prvenstva. U Evropi postoji tri ranga takmičenja između 34 nacionalne selekcije (A, B i C divizija). U svakom rangu se takmiči po 10 do 12 selekcija, po dvije ispadaju u niži rang i napreduju u viši (International Wheelchair Basketball Federation, 2018). Košarka u kolicima je aerobno-anaerobni sport, intermitentnog karaktera, koji zahtijeva od igrača visok nivo fizičke i tehničke spreme (Bloxhamet et al., 2001). Ovaj sport zahtijeva Abstract
Košarka插入轮椅是一项自过去四十年以来一直在进行的运动（Kasum，2015）。勒德维格·古特曼爵士是轮椅上最值得发展的篮球运动员。作为一名医生，他在Stouk Mandevil的Eilsbury医院工作（DePauw&Gavron，2005），并调整了篮球系统，以与在战争中脊髓受伤的人一起打球（Silver，2012）。因此，康复在生理和心理方面都得到了加速（Goosey-Tolfrey，2010）。汽车篮球是自20世纪60年代第一次举办奥运会以来的一项准奥运项目。在罗马（Milenkovic&živanovic，2010）。轮子里的基本篮球规则与经典篮球非常相似（篮筐的高度、场地的大小、罚球线、三分线都是相等的尺寸）。他们与两支有五名队员的球队比赛。比赛持续时间为每10分钟4节（国际轮椅篮球联合会，2017）。唯一的区别是，出于合理的原因，球员们坐在轮椅上。为了让两支篮球队打同一场比赛，引入了分类法。分级是一个团队在地面上的总潜力等于团队对手潜力的过程。根据玩家的功能能力，特别为每个玩家分配分值。国际分级范围为1.0至4.5分，14分中有5分（IWBF球员分级委员会，2014）。今天，篮球运动在各大洲进行，最大的比赛是浮石运动会、世界锦标赛和大陆锦标赛。在欧洲，34个国家（A、B和C赛区）之间有三个级别的竞争。每个选项有10到12个，其中两个级别较低，另一个级别较高（国际轮椅篮球联合会，2018）。推车篮是一项有氧无氧运动，是一项需要高水平物理和技术设备的中间运动（Bloxhamet et al.，2001）。这项运动要求抽象
{"title":"The Effects of Preparation Period on Motor Skills of Wheelchair Basketball Players: A Pilot Study","authors":"Goran Kozomara, Petar Petrović, G. Nikolić, B. Jorgić, Miodrag Kocić, M. Aleksandrović","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191003","url":null,"abstract":"Uvod Košarka u kolicima je sport koji se igra još od četrdesetih godina prošlog vijeka (Kasum, 2015). Ser Ludvig Gutman je najzaslužniji za razvoj košarke u kolicima. Kao ljekar radio je u bolnici u Ajlsberiju u Stouk Mandevilu (DePauw & Gavron, 2005), i tamo adaptirao košarku da je mogu igrati osobe koje su u ratu zadobile povrede kičmene moždine (Silver, 2012). Na taj način se ubrzavala rehabilitacija – fizička i psihička (Goosey-Tolfrey, 2010). Košarka u kolicima je paraolimpijski sport od prvih Igara koje su održane 1960. godine u Rimu (Milenković & Živanović, 2010). Osnovna pravila košarke u kolicima veoma su slična klasičnoj košarci (visina koša, veličina terena, linija slobodnih bacanja, linija za tri poena su jednakih dimenzija). Igraju dva tima sa po pet igrača na terenu. Vrijeme trajanja utakmice je četiri perioda po deset minuta (International Wheelchair Basketball Federation, 2017). Jedina razlika je u tome što igrači, iz razumljivih razloga, sjede u kolicima. Da bi dvije ekipe košarku u kolicima mogle ravnopravno da igraju, uvedena je klasifikacija. Klasifikacija je proces kojim se ukupni timski potencijal na terenu izjednačava sa timskim potencijalom protivnika. Tu se na osnovu funkcionalne sposobnosti igrača, dodeljuje bodovna vrijednost svakom igraču posebno. Međunarodni raspon za klasifikaciju je od 1,0 do 4,5 bodova, a za petorku na terenu 14 bodova (IWBF Player Classification Commission, 2014). Danas se košarka u kolicima igra na svim kontinentima, a najveća takmičenja su Paraolimpijske igre, svjetska i kontinentalna prvenstva. U Evropi postoji tri ranga takmičenja između 34 nacionalne selekcije (A, B i C divizija). U svakom rangu se takmiči po 10 do 12 selekcija, po dvije ispadaju u niži rang i napreduju u viši (International Wheelchair Basketball Federation, 2018). Košarka u kolicima je aerobno-anaerobni sport, intermitentnog karaktera, koji zahtijeva od igrača visok nivo fizičke i tehničke spreme (Bloxhamet et al., 2001). Ovaj sport zahtijeva Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47252751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uvod Fizičko vaspitanje je specifično vaspitno područje koje doprinosi razvoju čovjeka u cjelini, to nije samo podsticanje rasta i razvoja, razvijanje tjelesnih sposobnosti i unaprjeđenja zdravlja, već i znalačko korišćenje sistema fizičkih vježbi, igara i sportova, kojima se utiče na cjelokupni razvoj čovjeka (Jovanović, 1998, prema Šimleša i Potkonjak, 1989). Sličnu definiciju dali su Krulj, Kačapor i Kulić (2001), prema kojima fizičko vaspitanje predstavlja sistematski i organizovan proces sticanja motoričkih vještina, znanja i sposobnosti, jačanja zdravlja i razvoja psiho-fizičkih snaga i sposobnosti vaspitanika. Na osnovu navedenog, primjećuje se da fizičko vaspitanje predstavlja sistemski proces, koji nema uticaj samo na razvoj tjelesnih sposobnosti djeteta i čovjeka, već na njihov cjelokupni psiho-fizički razvoj (Bjelica i Petković, 2009; Bjelica i Krivokapić, 2010a, Bjelica i Krivokapić, 2019). Kao takvo, Fizičko vaspitanje doprinosi normalnom razvoju organizma, jačanju zdravlja, snaženju i čeličenju organizma, osposobljavanje za raznovrsnu pokretljivost, stvaranju higijenskih navika i obezbjeđivanju aktivnog odmora (Bakovljev, 1997). Ukoliko se uzme u obzir činjenica da savremeni način života redukuje fizičku aktivnost djece, to još više naglašava važnost Fizičkog vaspitanja kao školskog predmeta (Đorđić, 2005). Za sprovođenje kvalitetne nastave neophodni su materijalni uslovi, kao i kompetentni nastavnici, koji bi trebalo da podstiču pozitivne stavove učenika prema nastavi Fizičkog vaspitanja (N. Zrnzević i J. Zrnzević, 2015; Dragutinovic & Mitrovic, 2019a). Stavovi predstavljaju trajnu tendenciju da se prema nekom objektu reaguje na određeni, pozitivan ili negativan način (Rot, 1983). Oni omogućavaju sticanje fiksiranih standarda za lično prosuđivanje i shvatanje svojih postupaka. Na taj način lakše se ocjenjuju i klasifikuju objekti i situacije, što omogućava lakše i brže snalaženje i djelovanje. Kako bi nastava Fizičkog vaspitanja imala pozitivan uticaj na cjelokupni razvoj Abstract
体育教育的引入是一个特定的全球性领域，它有助于人类的总体发展，不仅有助于促进生长发育、身体能力的发展和健康的改善，而且有助于影响人类整体发展的体育锻炼、游戏和体育系统的科学利用（Jovanovic，1998，Simles和Potkonjak，1989）。Krulj、Kačapor和Kulić（2001）也给出了同样的定义，根据该定义，身体意识是一个系统和有组织的过程，学习运动技能、知识和技能，加强健康和身心力量的发展以及教师的能力。基于此，我们注意到，体育教育是一个系统过程，不仅影响儿童和男子身体能力的发展，还影响他们的整体身心发展（Belica和Petkovic，2009；Belica和Krivokapic，2010，Belica和克里沃卡皮奇，2019）。Kao takvo、Fizičko vaspitanje doprinsi normalnom razvoju organizma、jačanju zdravlja、snaženju ičeličenju organizzma、osposobljavanje za raznovrsnu pokretljivost、stvaranju higijenskih navika i obezbjeřivanju aktivnog odmora（Bakovljev，1997）。如果考虑到现代生活方式是减少儿童的体育活动，这进一步突出了体育作为一门学校科目的重要性（Georgic，2005）。高质量的培训需要物质条件和合格的教师，这应该鼓励学生对继续体育教育持积极态度（N.Zrnzevic和J.Zrnzevich，2015；德拉古蒂诺维奇和米特洛维奇，2019a）。这些装置代表了以某种积极或消极的方式对物体做出反应的永久趋势（Rot，1983）。奥尼·奥莫古奇（Oni omoguć）的标准是在选举结束后制定的。通过这种方式，可以轻松地对对象和情况进行评估和分类，从而实现更轻松、更快的行动。如何保持物理学对摘要的全面发展有积极影响
{"title":"Attitudes of Young School Aged Childrens to the Teaching of Physical Education","authors":"Milica Mitrović, Katarina Dragutinović","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191006","url":null,"abstract":"Uvod Fizičko vaspitanje je specifično vaspitno područje koje doprinosi razvoju čovjeka u cjelini, to nije samo podsticanje rasta i razvoja, razvijanje tjelesnih sposobnosti i unaprjeđenja zdravlja, već i znalačko korišćenje sistema fizičkih vježbi, igara i sportova, kojima se utiče na cjelokupni razvoj čovjeka (Jovanović, 1998, prema Šimleša i Potkonjak, 1989). Sličnu definiciju dali su Krulj, Kačapor i Kulić (2001), prema kojima fizičko vaspitanje predstavlja sistematski i organizovan proces sticanja motoričkih vještina, znanja i sposobnosti, jačanja zdravlja i razvoja psiho-fizičkih snaga i sposobnosti vaspitanika. Na osnovu navedenog, primjećuje se da fizičko vaspitanje predstavlja sistemski proces, koji nema uticaj samo na razvoj tjelesnih sposobnosti djeteta i čovjeka, već na njihov cjelokupni psiho-fizički razvoj (Bjelica i Petković, 2009; Bjelica i Krivokapić, 2010a, Bjelica i Krivokapić, 2019). Kao takvo, Fizičko vaspitanje doprinosi normalnom razvoju organizma, jačanju zdravlja, snaženju i čeličenju organizma, osposobljavanje za raznovrsnu pokretljivost, stvaranju higijenskih navika i obezbjeđivanju aktivnog odmora (Bakovljev, 1997). Ukoliko se uzme u obzir činjenica da savremeni način života redukuje fizičku aktivnost djece, to još više naglašava važnost Fizičkog vaspitanja kao školskog predmeta (Đorđić, 2005). Za sprovođenje kvalitetne nastave neophodni su materijalni uslovi, kao i kompetentni nastavnici, koji bi trebalo da podstiču pozitivne stavove učenika prema nastavi Fizičkog vaspitanja (N. Zrnzević i J. Zrnzević, 2015; Dragutinovic & Mitrovic, 2019a). Stavovi predstavljaju trajnu tendenciju da se prema nekom objektu reaguje na određeni, pozitivan ili negativan način (Rot, 1983). Oni omogućavaju sticanje fiksiranih standarda za lično prosuđivanje i shvatanje svojih postupaka. Na taj način lakše se ocjenjuju i klasifikuju objekti i situacije, što omogućava lakše i brže snalaženje i djelovanje. Kako bi nastava Fizičkog vaspitanja imala pozitivan uticaj na cjelokupni razvoj Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gardašević, D. Bjelica, I. Vasiljević, M. Corluka, Herzegovina.
Introduction A football game is said to be the most important secondary thing in the world, it gathers huge masses at stadiums and in front of TVs (Gardašević, 2010; Gardašević, Bjelica, Popović, & Milašinović, 2016). It is a highly dynamic and fast team game which, with its richness of movement, falls under category of polystructural sports games (Bjelica, 2005; Gardašević i Goranović, 2011; Gardašević i Bjelica, 2013; Gardaševic & Bjelica, 2014a; Gardasevic i Bjelica, 2014b). Football is a sport that is characterized by numerous and various complex and dynamic kinesiological activities which are then characterized by either cyclical (Gardašević, Vasiljević i Bojanić, 2015; Bjelica, Popović, & Gardašević, 2016a; Bjelica, Popović i Gardašević, 2016b; Sermaxhaj, Popovic, Bjelica, Gardasevic, & Arifi, 2017; Gardasevic, Bjelica, & Vasiljevic, 2017a; Gardasevic, Bjelica, & Vasiljevic, 2017b) or acyclical movement (Gardasevic, 2015; Gardašević i sar., 2015; Gardašević, Bjelica i Vasiljević, 2016a; Gardašević, Bjelica i Vasiljević, 2016b; Gardasevic, Bjelica, Milasinovic i Vasiljevic, 2016; Gardaševic i Vasiljević, 2016; Gardasevic, Popovic, & Bjelica, 2016). In football, top score can be achieved only under conditions of well-programmed training process (Gardašević, Bjelica i Popović, 2015). High quality management of the training process depends on the knowing of the structure of certain anthropological capabilities and player’s characteristics, as well as their development (Bjelica i Popović, 2012; Bjelica, 2013). Various researches are to be done in order to establish certain principles and norms for the transformational processes of the anthropological characteristics important for football (Gardašević, Bjelica, Georgiev, & Popović, 2012); with Abstract
引言足球比赛被认为是世界上最重要的次要事物，它在体育场和电视前聚集了大量的观众（Gardašević，2010；Gardaš。这是一种高度动态和快速的团队游戏，由于其丰富的动作，属于多结构体育游戏的范畴（Bjelica，2005；Gardaševići Goranović，2011；GardaŠ。足球是一项运动，其特点是有许多复杂而动态的运动学活动，这些活动要么是周期性的（Gardašević，Vasiljevići Bojanić，2015；Bjelica，Popović和Gardaš（Gardasevic，2015；Gardaševići sar.，2015；加达谢维奇，Bjelica i Vasiljević，2016a；加达谢维奇，Bjelica i瓦siljevič，2016b；加达谢维奇，比耶利卡，米拉辛诺维奇i瓦西里耶维奇，2016；加达舍维奇i瓦西里耶维奇，2016年；加达塞维奇，波波维奇和比耶利察，2016）。在足球运动中，只有在程序良好的训练过程中才能取得高分（Gardašević，Bjelica i Popović）。训练过程的高质量管理取决于对某些人类学能力结构和球员特征的了解，以及他们的发展（Bjelica i Popović，2012；Bjelic，2013）。为了建立对足球重要的人类学特征转换过程的某些原则和规范，需要进行各种研究（Gardašević，Bjelica，Georgiev，&Popović）；带摘要
{"title":"Differences in Body Composition of Football Players of Two Top Football Clubs","authors":"J. Gardašević, D. Bjelica, I. Vasiljević, M. Corluka, Herzegovina.","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction A football game is said to be the most important secondary thing in the world, it gathers huge masses at stadiums and in front of TVs (Gardašević, 2010; Gardašević, Bjelica, Popović, & Milašinović, 2016). It is a highly dynamic and fast team game which, with its richness of movement, falls under category of polystructural sports games (Bjelica, 2005; Gardašević i Goranović, 2011; Gardašević i Bjelica, 2013; Gardaševic & Bjelica, 2014a; Gardasevic i Bjelica, 2014b). Football is a sport that is characterized by numerous and various complex and dynamic kinesiological activities which are then characterized by either cyclical (Gardašević, Vasiljević i Bojanić, 2015; Bjelica, Popović, & Gardašević, 2016a; Bjelica, Popović i Gardašević, 2016b; Sermaxhaj, Popovic, Bjelica, Gardasevic, & Arifi, 2017; Gardasevic, Bjelica, & Vasiljevic, 2017a; Gardasevic, Bjelica, & Vasiljevic, 2017b) or acyclical movement (Gardasevic, 2015; Gardašević i sar., 2015; Gardašević, Bjelica i Vasiljević, 2016a; Gardašević, Bjelica i Vasiljević, 2016b; Gardasevic, Bjelica, Milasinovic i Vasiljevic, 2016; Gardaševic i Vasiljević, 2016; Gardasevic, Popovic, & Bjelica, 2016). In football, top score can be achieved only under conditions of well-programmed training process (Gardašević, Bjelica i Popović, 2015). High quality management of the training process depends on the knowing of the structure of certain anthropological capabilities and player’s characteristics, as well as their development (Bjelica i Popović, 2012; Bjelica, 2013). Various researches are to be done in order to establish certain principles and norms for the transformational processes of the anthropological characteristics important for football (Gardašević, Bjelica, Georgiev, & Popović, 2012); with Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48302183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction The biomechanical model of hurdle clearance for the 100-m hurdle race is based on the technique of the Australian athlete Sally Pearson, one of the world’s greatest runners of 100-m hurdle events. The greatest achievement of her career thus far has been winning the gold medal in the 100-m hurdle race at the London Olympic Games in 2012. She holds many other top achievements such as the gold medal at the Daegu World Championship in 2011, the gold medal at the 2017 World Championships in London, the silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and the silver medal at the 2013 World Championship in Moscow. Her personal record for the 100-m hurdle event is 12.28 seconds, which is the sixth fastest time in the history of the event. All these achievements rank Sally Pearson among the most elite athletes of modern athletics. High hurdle races are among the most technically demanding athletic disciplines. According to previous studies (Schluter, 1981; Mero & Luhtanen, 1986; La Fortune, 1988; Bruggemann & Glad, 1990; McDonald & Dapena, 1991; Dapena, 1991; McLean, 1994; Iskra, 1998; Kampmiller, Slamka, & Vanderka, 1999; Čoh, 2001; Blazevich, 2013) the hurdle clearance technique is one of the key elements that determines a competitive result. From a biomechanics standpoint, the 100-m hurdle race combines the cyclic sprint and the acyclic clearance of 10 hurdles with a height of 0.838 m. The athlete must, therefore, have a high level of sprinting skills, exceptional hip joint mobility (flexibility), fast power, and a high level of technical knowledge. During the hurdle clearance, the loss of horizontal velocity must be kept to a minimum. This ability depends on a number of factors, especially those that define the takeoff before the hurdle, the trajectory of the movement of the CM (CM = center of mass) and the landing after the barrier (Kampmiller, Slamka, & Vanderka, 1999; Amritpal & Shamsher, 2015). In order to achieve rational hurdle clearance, the takeoff point before the hurdle and the landing point following the barrier are essential. The correct position of Abstract
{"title":"Biomechanical Model of Hurdle Clearance in 100m Hurdle Races: A Case Study","authors":"M. Coh, M. Žvan, Nejc Boncina, Stanko Stuhec","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The biomechanical model of hurdle clearance for the 100-m hurdle race is based on the technique of the Australian athlete Sally Pearson, one of the world’s greatest runners of 100-m hurdle events. The greatest achievement of her career thus far has been winning the gold medal in the 100-m hurdle race at the London Olympic Games in 2012. She holds many other top achievements such as the gold medal at the Daegu World Championship in 2011, the gold medal at the 2017 World Championships in London, the silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and the silver medal at the 2013 World Championship in Moscow. Her personal record for the 100-m hurdle event is 12.28 seconds, which is the sixth fastest time in the history of the event. All these achievements rank Sally Pearson among the most elite athletes of modern athletics. High hurdle races are among the most technically demanding athletic disciplines. According to previous studies (Schluter, 1981; Mero & Luhtanen, 1986; La Fortune, 1988; Bruggemann & Glad, 1990; McDonald & Dapena, 1991; Dapena, 1991; McLean, 1994; Iskra, 1998; Kampmiller, Slamka, & Vanderka, 1999; Čoh, 2001; Blazevich, 2013) the hurdle clearance technique is one of the key elements that determines a competitive result. From a biomechanics standpoint, the 100-m hurdle race combines the cyclic sprint and the acyclic clearance of 10 hurdles with a height of 0.838 m. The athlete must, therefore, have a high level of sprinting skills, exceptional hip joint mobility (flexibility), fast power, and a high level of technical knowledge. During the hurdle clearance, the loss of horizontal velocity must be kept to a minimum. This ability depends on a number of factors, especially those that define the takeoff before the hurdle, the trajectory of the movement of the CM (CM = center of mass) and the landing after the barrier (Kampmiller, Slamka, & Vanderka, 1999; Amritpal & Shamsher, 2015). In order to achieve rational hurdle clearance, the takeoff point before the hurdle and the landing point following the barrier are essential. The correct position of Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47328918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kosmas, Athens Greece Telematics, Y. Georgiou, E. Marmara, Aggeliki Fotiou
Introduction In 2000, a European Community working group met with the phenomenon of acute undetected pain in the lumbar spine. Experts from almost all countries in the European zone took place in this meeting, to identify potential harmful factors, to establish a framework for prevention and to formulate guidelines for the treatment of LBP among the field’s professionals. In the results, the working group made widely known the poor association of the LBP feeling in connection to the radiographic diagnosis, as it often did not coincide with the pain in the particular area of the patient. It also included guidelines for exercise as a mean of preventing and of reducing LBP during its chronic phase. Advices were also given on what kind and at which intensity of exercise is appropriate. LBP defined as the pain followed by concomitant discomfort, located between the lateral and the lower gluteus folds (Haryono, Kawilarang, & Prastowo, 2019). Acute LBP defined as the one lasts less than 6 weeks, sub acute the one between 6-12 weeks, while for more than 12 weeks characterized as chronic. Pain divided in two categories according to the causal risk factors. Red-flag sign defined the group who has predisposing factors to experience LBP. This category includes ages under 25 and over 55 years, recent history of violent trauma, steadily worsening non-mechanical pain (not receding with bedtime), chest pain, malignant tumor medical history, prolonged use cortisone, unexplained weight loss, and various other factors of minor importance (Waddell, Feder, McIntosh, Lewis, & Hutchinson, 1998). The yellow-flag sign refers to secondary risk factors for LBP. Participants according to their working group stated that, work satisfaction, emotional issues (stress, depression, etc.), pain management, and low levels of exercise are factors that cause chronic LBP (Kendall, Linton, & Main, 1997). The cost of any form of LBP evaluated as GDP percentage. In Finland, the total cost reaches 0.8% (Heikki, 2002), in the Netherlands 1.7% (Van Tulder, Koes, & Bouter, 1995), in Sweden 1.7% (Nachemson, 1991), in the United States is 2.2% (Frymoyer & Cats-Baril, 1991) of the GDP’s of each country. UK has the highest numbers of back pain related absenteeism in the EU, nearly 10 million workdays were lost to back pain in 2014, (Miller, 2014), where the cost also reaches 2% of GDP (Maniadakis & Gray, 2000), agreed with survey results presented shown that 75-85% of absenteeism were due to back pain (Andersson, 1999; Waddell et al., 1998). Artur (2014), underline that LBP is the leading cause of disability for most of countries in Europe, North Africa and a part of Latin America. The majority of researches have so far not addressed LBP issues Abstract
{"title":"Evaluation of Municipal Fitness Programs for Women with Low Back Pain","authors":"J. Kosmas, Athens Greece Telematics, Y. Georgiou, E. Marmara, Aggeliki Fotiou","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In 2000, a European Community working group met with the phenomenon of acute undetected pain in the lumbar spine. Experts from almost all countries in the European zone took place in this meeting, to identify potential harmful factors, to establish a framework for prevention and to formulate guidelines for the treatment of LBP among the field’s professionals. In the results, the working group made widely known the poor association of the LBP feeling in connection to the radiographic diagnosis, as it often did not coincide with the pain in the particular area of the patient. It also included guidelines for exercise as a mean of preventing and of reducing LBP during its chronic phase. Advices were also given on what kind and at which intensity of exercise is appropriate. LBP defined as the pain followed by concomitant discomfort, located between the lateral and the lower gluteus folds (Haryono, Kawilarang, & Prastowo, 2019). Acute LBP defined as the one lasts less than 6 weeks, sub acute the one between 6-12 weeks, while for more than 12 weeks characterized as chronic. Pain divided in two categories according to the causal risk factors. Red-flag sign defined the group who has predisposing factors to experience LBP. This category includes ages under 25 and over 55 years, recent history of violent trauma, steadily worsening non-mechanical pain (not receding with bedtime), chest pain, malignant tumor medical history, prolonged use cortisone, unexplained weight loss, and various other factors of minor importance (Waddell, Feder, McIntosh, Lewis, & Hutchinson, 1998). The yellow-flag sign refers to secondary risk factors for LBP. Participants according to their working group stated that, work satisfaction, emotional issues (stress, depression, etc.), pain management, and low levels of exercise are factors that cause chronic LBP (Kendall, Linton, & Main, 1997). The cost of any form of LBP evaluated as GDP percentage. In Finland, the total cost reaches 0.8% (Heikki, 2002), in the Netherlands 1.7% (Van Tulder, Koes, & Bouter, 1995), in Sweden 1.7% (Nachemson, 1991), in the United States is 2.2% (Frymoyer & Cats-Baril, 1991) of the GDP’s of each country. UK has the highest numbers of back pain related absenteeism in the EU, nearly 10 million workdays were lost to back pain in 2014, (Miller, 2014), where the cost also reaches 2% of GDP (Maniadakis & Gray, 2000), agreed with survey results presented shown that 75-85% of absenteeism were due to back pain (Andersson, 1999; Waddell et al., 1998). Artur (2014), underline that LBP is the leading cause of disability for most of countries in Europe, North Africa and a part of Latin America. The majority of researches have so far not addressed LBP issues Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Prolonged exercise in the heat elevates core body temperature, which impairs endurance performance and poses increased risks of heat illness (American College of Sports Medicine et al., 2007). Like the able-bodied athletes, athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) not only face similar heat strain when exercise training and competition occur in hot and humid environments, but also their thermoregulatory capabilities are uniquely challenged. Traumatic damage to the spinal cord, especially with resultant tetraplegia or high paraplegia is associated with a significant malfunction of the sympathetic pathways (Walter & Krassioukov, 2018). Following SCI, the afferent pathways from the periphery to the thermoregulatory effectors in the hypothalamus are disrupted, accounting for the abnormal physiological control during physical activities and exercise (Walter & Krassioukov, 2018). During continuous submaximal exercise in temperate and warm conditions (20-30°C), athletes with SCI show elevated core body temperature, and this increase in core body temperature is more evident in athletes with high level lesion when traumatic damage occurs above T6 (Price, 2016; Price & Trbovich, 2018). This alteration of sympathetic nervous system activity below the lesion level also impairs sweating, increasing susceptibility of heat illness (Price, 2016). Athletes with SCI are therefore considered to be under a greater risk of hyperthermia when compared to the able-bodied athletes (Lepretre, Goosey-Tolfrey, Janssen, & Perret, 2016). A growing number of studies however reported that thermoregulation in persons with SCI during exercise was more dynamic than traditionally believed. Evidence for this possibility has been revisited by Price and Trbovich (2018). Briefly, persons with paraplegia appear to show similar exercise core body temperature responses compared to the able-bodied in temperate and warm environments, while persons with tetraplegia appear to show greAbstract
在高温下长时间运动会提高核心体温，从而损害耐力表现，增加中暑疾病的风险(American College of Sports Medicine et al.， 2007)。与健全人运动员一样，脊髓损伤运动员在湿热环境下进行运动训练和比赛时，不仅面临着相似的热应变，而且其体温调节能力也受到了独特的挑战。脊髓的创伤性损伤，特别是由此导致的四肢瘫痪或高度截瘫，与交感神经通路的严重功能障碍有关(Walter & Krassioukov, 2018)。脊髓损伤后，从外周到下丘脑热调节效应体的传入通路被破坏，这是身体活动和锻炼过程中生理控制异常的原因(Walter & Krassioukov, 2018)。在温带和温暖条件下(20-30°C)进行持续亚极限运动时，脊髓损伤运动员的核心体温升高，当创伤性损伤发生在T6以上时，高水平损伤运动员的核心体温升高更为明显(Price, 2016;Price & Trbovich, 2018)。这种交感神经系统活动低于病变水平的改变也会损害出汗，增加对热疾病的易感性(Price, 2016)。因此，与身体健全的运动员相比，脊髓损伤运动员被认为面临更大的高热风险(Lepretre, goose - tolfrey, Janssen， & Perret, 2016)。然而，越来越多的研究报告称，脊髓损伤患者在运动过程中的体温调节比传统认为的更有活力。Price和Trbovich(2018)重新研究了这种可能性的证据。简而言之，在温带和温暖的环境中，截瘫患者似乎表现出与健全者相似的运动核心体温反应，而四肢瘫痪患者似乎表现出更大的运动核心体温反应
{"title":"Exercise Core Body Temperature is Adequately Regulated Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Yang Zhang, S. Popović, D. Bjelica","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Prolonged exercise in the heat elevates core body temperature, which impairs endurance performance and poses increased risks of heat illness (American College of Sports Medicine et al., 2007). Like the able-bodied athletes, athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) not only face similar heat strain when exercise training and competition occur in hot and humid environments, but also their thermoregulatory capabilities are uniquely challenged. Traumatic damage to the spinal cord, especially with resultant tetraplegia or high paraplegia is associated with a significant malfunction of the sympathetic pathways (Walter & Krassioukov, 2018). Following SCI, the afferent pathways from the periphery to the thermoregulatory effectors in the hypothalamus are disrupted, accounting for the abnormal physiological control during physical activities and exercise (Walter & Krassioukov, 2018). During continuous submaximal exercise in temperate and warm conditions (20-30°C), athletes with SCI show elevated core body temperature, and this increase in core body temperature is more evident in athletes with high level lesion when traumatic damage occurs above T6 (Price, 2016; Price & Trbovich, 2018). This alteration of sympathetic nervous system activity below the lesion level also impairs sweating, increasing susceptibility of heat illness (Price, 2016). Athletes with SCI are therefore considered to be under a greater risk of hyperthermia when compared to the able-bodied athletes (Lepretre, Goosey-Tolfrey, Janssen, & Perret, 2016). A growing number of studies however reported that thermoregulation in persons with SCI during exercise was more dynamic than traditionally believed. Evidence for this possibility has been revisited by Price and Trbovich (2018). Briefly, persons with paraplegia appear to show similar exercise core body temperature responses compared to the able-bodied in temperate and warm environments, while persons with tetraplegia appear to show greAbstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Corluka, Herzegovina, D. Krivokapić, Z. Milošević, B. Masanovic, D. Bjelica
Introduction U kojem god dijelu svijeta da se se zateknemo, primijetićemo da ni u jednom društvu ne vlada potpuna ravnopravnost, premda se teži tom idealu koji se temelji na poboljšanju i prilagođavanju. Da bi se omogućilo ostvarivanje slobode, jednakosti, bratstva, preduzima se sve što je moguće da svi članovi društva budu podjednako uključeni u funkcionisanje društvene zajednice. To jest, teži se stvaranju mogućnosti i kapaciteta da svi potpuno i produktivno učestvuju u ekonomskom, društvenom i kulturnom životu, te da svi uživaju životni standard, odnosno blagostanje koje se smatra normalnim u razvijenim društvenim zajednicama (Commission of the European Comunities, 2000). Međutim, smatra se da oko 11% odrasle populacije nije dovoljno integrisano u sisteme funkcionisanja društvene zajednice, tj. da nije socijalno uključeno (Jehoel-Gijsbers & Vrooman, 2007), što cjelokupnu društvenu zajednicu unazađuje. Nekad su razlozi nedovoljne društvene uključenosti nezaposlenost, neosposobljenost, niski prihodi, neadekvatni uslovi života, slabije zdravstveno stanje, visoka stopa kriminala i narušeni odnosi u porodici (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001). S druge strane, Davidson, Stayner, Nickou, Styron, & Chinman (2001) smatraju da je društveno uključivanje povezano sa prijateljstvom, osjećajem lične vrijednosti i optimizmom, što nas navodi na zaključak da čovjek ne može biti smatran društveno uključenim ukoliko u određenom stepenu nije sposoban ostvariti iskustvo prijateljstva, obavljati korisne i smislene aktivnosti u društvu i nadati se još boljoj budućnosti. Kako bi se ovaj problem riješio neophodno je sprovesti mjere sprječavanja, ali takođe je potrebno djelovati kako bi se pomoglo onima koji su već isključeni, jer stvaranje puta natrag u društvo osnova je novog pristupa (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001). Aktivacija ljudi u bilo koji vid aktivnosti i saradnje omogućava oporavak od mentalnih problema, jača mentalno zdravlje i povećava mentalnu čvrstinu (Wilson & Seckter, 2015). Potencijal sporta za poboljšanje svih ovih dimenzija prema rezultatima prethodnih studija je veliki (Biddle & Asare, 2011; Mašanović, Popović, Bjelica, Vukotić, & Zorić, 2018; Masanovic, Popovic, & Vukotic, 2019; Popovic, Bjelica, Masanovic, & Gardasevic, 2019), pa ga zbog toga moramo iskoristiti. Aktivna osoba ima manje mogućnosti da misli o negativnim aspektima života pa ne može biti društveno isključena, jer Abstract
介绍U kojem神dijelu svijeta da se zateknemo，primijetićemo da ni U jednom društvu ne vlada potpuna ravnorvnost，premeda se teži tom idealu koji se temelji na poboljšanju i prilagořavanju。为了实现自由、平等和博爱，社会的所有成员都可以平等地参与社会社区的运作。这很难为每个人创造机会和能力，让他们充分和富有成效地参与经济、社会和文化生活，享受生活水平，包括发达社会社区认为正常的福利（欧洲共同体委员会，2000年）。然而，大约11%的成年人没有被认为融入社会功能系统，即没有参与社会（Johel-Gijjsbers&Vrooman，2007），这鼓励了整个社会社区。有时，社会包容不足、无力、收入低、生活条件差、健康状况差、犯罪率高和家庭关系差是有原因的（社会排斥股，2001年）。另一方面，Davidson、Stayner、Nick、Styron和Chinman（2001）认为，社会包容与友谊、个人价值感和乐观主义有关，这表明如果一个人无法获得一定程度的友谊体验，就不能被视为社会包容，在社会上做有益和有意义的活动，希望有一个更美好的未来。为了解决这个问题，需要采取预防措施，但也有必要采取行动帮助那些已经被排斥的人，因为创造重返社会的途径是一种新的方法（社会排斥股，2001年）。任何形式的活动和合作都可以让人从精神问题中恢复过来，增强心理健康，增强精神力量（Wilson&Seckter，2015）。根据之前的研究结果，体育提高所有这些维度的潜力很大（Biddle&Asare，2011；马、波波维奇、贝利卡、武科维奇和佐里奇，2018；马萨诺维奇、波波诺维奇和武科维奇，2019；波波维奇、贝利卡、马萨诺维奇和加达塞维奇，2019），所以我们需要使用它。Aktivna osoba ima manje mogućnosti da misli o negativenim aspektimaživota pa ne može biti društveno isključena，jer摘要
{"title":"The Impact of Physical Activities on Social Inclusion of Elderly People in Montenegro","authors":"M. Corluka, Herzegovina, D. Krivokapić, Z. Milošević, B. Masanovic, D. Bjelica","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction U kojem god dijelu svijeta da se se zateknemo, primijetićemo da ni u jednom društvu ne vlada potpuna ravnopravnost, premda se teži tom idealu koji se temelji na poboljšanju i prilagođavanju. Da bi se omogućilo ostvarivanje slobode, jednakosti, bratstva, preduzima se sve što je moguće da svi članovi društva budu podjednako uključeni u funkcionisanje društvene zajednice. To jest, teži se stvaranju mogućnosti i kapaciteta da svi potpuno i produktivno učestvuju u ekonomskom, društvenom i kulturnom životu, te da svi uživaju životni standard, odnosno blagostanje koje se smatra normalnim u razvijenim društvenim zajednicama (Commission of the European Comunities, 2000). Međutim, smatra se da oko 11% odrasle populacije nije dovoljno integrisano u sisteme funkcionisanja društvene zajednice, tj. da nije socijalno uključeno (Jehoel-Gijsbers & Vrooman, 2007), što cjelokupnu društvenu zajednicu unazađuje. Nekad su razlozi nedovoljne društvene uključenosti nezaposlenost, neosposobljenost, niski prihodi, neadekvatni uslovi života, slabije zdravstveno stanje, visoka stopa kriminala i narušeni odnosi u porodici (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001). S druge strane, Davidson, Stayner, Nickou, Styron, & Chinman (2001) smatraju da je društveno uključivanje povezano sa prijateljstvom, osjećajem lične vrijednosti i optimizmom, što nas navodi na zaključak da čovjek ne može biti smatran društveno uključenim ukoliko u određenom stepenu nije sposoban ostvariti iskustvo prijateljstva, obavljati korisne i smislene aktivnosti u društvu i nadati se još boljoj budućnosti. Kako bi se ovaj problem riješio neophodno je sprovesti mjere sprječavanja, ali takođe je potrebno djelovati kako bi se pomoglo onima koji su već isključeni, jer stvaranje puta natrag u društvo osnova je novog pristupa (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001). Aktivacija ljudi u bilo koji vid aktivnosti i saradnje omogućava oporavak od mentalnih problema, jača mentalno zdravlje i povećava mentalnu čvrstinu (Wilson & Seckter, 2015). Potencijal sporta za poboljšanje svih ovih dimenzija prema rezultatima prethodnih studija je veliki (Biddle & Asare, 2011; Mašanović, Popović, Bjelica, Vukotić, & Zorić, 2018; Masanovic, Popovic, & Vukotic, 2019; Popovic, Bjelica, Masanovic, & Gardasevic, 2019), pa ga zbog toga moramo iskoristiti. Aktivna osoba ima manje mogućnosti da misli o negativnim aspektima života pa ne može biti društveno isključena, jer Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49350791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Physical Activity on the Aggressiveness, Deviant Behavior and Self-esteem with School Children Aged 11-15","authors":"G. Georgiev, S. Gontarev","doi":"10.26773/jaspe.191005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47237900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Shirom (2005) agreed that a syndrome refers to a set of signs and symptoms that characterize a particular malfunction. Burnout Syndrome (BS) is characterized by Emotional Exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D)/cynicism and reduced Professional Achievements (PA) and is derived from chronic exposure to stressors (Maslach, Schaufeli & Leiter, 2001). Chronic exposure to occupational factors, manifests BS and leads mathematically to the bad physical, the psychological and mental health state of the employee, and as a result to several disorders and health problems (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). Although burnout was at fi rst addressed to the human service professions, it can also be found in other types of occupations. Recently, the concept of burnout has also begun to appear frequently in the sport, health, and fi tness industry services worldwide and recently in Greece (Kelley, Eklund, Ritter, & Taylor, 1999; Koustelios, 2010; Koustelios, 2001; Koustelios & Tsigilis, 2005; Koustelios, Zounatzi, & Karabatzaki, 2012; Martin, Kelley, & Dias, 1999; Tsigilis, Zournatzi, & Koustelios, 2011). Some similar researches have been contacted also in Greece, in diff erent occupational environments, also in the sports services area, but never before in the private sector of the health and fi tness services centers. Several occupational as far as individual factors are responsible for the evolution of BS. Many studies in the past investigate some of the abovementioned factors intensively among them gender, age, marital status, type of employment and level of education. Gender is most commonly the fi rst factor concerning the interest of the researchers of the fi eld. Th ere are several results referred to participants’ diff erences concerning gender which can also be a predictive factor of EE and D (Tang & Lau, 1996). Females show to be more vulnerable to EE than their males counterparts (Giacobbi Jr., 2009), while males seem to be more vulnerable to D than females do (Twellaar, Winants, & Houkes, 2008). Other results present that females employees may evolve higher levels of BS than males do (Bakker, Demerouti, & Schaufeli, 2002), and this is a factor which predicts work absence for females but not for males employees (Duijts, Kant, Landeweerd, & Swaen, 2006). In Greece, Antoniou (1999) agreed that female doctors showed higher levels of EE Abstract
{"title":"Burnout Factors in Private Health and Fitness Centers’ Sector: A Case Study in Greece","authors":"Y. Georgiou, Aggeliki Fotiou","doi":"10.26773/JASPE.190705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/JASPE.190705","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Shirom (2005) agreed that a syndrome refers to a set of signs and symptoms that characterize a particular malfunction. Burnout Syndrome (BS) is characterized by Emotional Exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D)/cynicism and reduced Professional Achievements (PA) and is derived from chronic exposure to stressors (Maslach, Schaufeli & Leiter, 2001). Chronic exposure to occupational factors, manifests BS and leads mathematically to the bad physical, the psychological and mental health state of the employee, and as a result to several disorders and health problems (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). Although burnout was at fi rst addressed to the human service professions, it can also be found in other types of occupations. Recently, the concept of burnout has also begun to appear frequently in the sport, health, and fi tness industry services worldwide and recently in Greece (Kelley, Eklund, Ritter, & Taylor, 1999; Koustelios, 2010; Koustelios, 2001; Koustelios & Tsigilis, 2005; Koustelios, Zounatzi, & Karabatzaki, 2012; Martin, Kelley, & Dias, 1999; Tsigilis, Zournatzi, & Koustelios, 2011). Some similar researches have been contacted also in Greece, in diff erent occupational environments, also in the sports services area, but never before in the private sector of the health and fi tness services centers. Several occupational as far as individual factors are responsible for the evolution of BS. Many studies in the past investigate some of the abovementioned factors intensively among them gender, age, marital status, type of employment and level of education. Gender is most commonly the fi rst factor concerning the interest of the researchers of the fi eld. Th ere are several results referred to participants’ diff erences concerning gender which can also be a predictive factor of EE and D (Tang & Lau, 1996). Females show to be more vulnerable to EE than their males counterparts (Giacobbi Jr., 2009), while males seem to be more vulnerable to D than females do (Twellaar, Winants, & Houkes, 2008). Other results present that females employees may evolve higher levels of BS than males do (Bakker, Demerouti, & Schaufeli, 2002), and this is a factor which predicts work absence for females but not for males employees (Duijts, Kant, Landeweerd, & Swaen, 2006). In Greece, Antoniou (1999) agreed that female doctors showed higher levels of EE Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43799283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uvod Poznato je da starenje za posljedicu ima opadanje tjelesnih sposobnosti čovjeka, što je uz globalni problem hipokinezije, jedan od vodećih savremenih problema društva (Čaušević, Ormanović, Doder, & Čović, 2017; Ćirić, Čaušević, & Bejdić, 2015). Individualni aerobni fi tness se smanjuje za 8-10% tokom svake decenije života, dok veoma aktivni ljudi mogu smanjiti ovaj nivo na 2-3%. Opadanje snage je osjetno u šezdesetim, a posebno u sedamdesetim godinama života (15% odnosno 30%), (Sharkey & Gaskill, 2008). Takođe u brojnim studijama, utvrđeno je da su promjene koje nastaju kao posljedica biološkog starenja, povezane sa smanjenim stepenom fi zičke aktivnosti osoba starije dobi, a koje za posljedicu imaju smanjenje mišićne mase i tjelesne funkcije. Poznato je da organizovano tjelesno vježbanje ima mnogo pozitivnih efekata na organizam čovjeka u cjelini, te da ima jasan i prioritetan fi zički i zdravstveni uticaj na osobe i njihove radne aktivnosti. Međutim, bez obzira na to šta osoba radi – bilo da se bavi prostim fi zičkim poslom (nošenjem, podizanjem, poljoprivrednim radom) ili vrši fi zičke vježbe, njen mišić ni, kardio-vaskularni, respiratorni i centralni nervni sistem aktivno funkcionišu. Shodno tome će fi zička aktivnost, bilo kao tjelesna vježba ili fi zički rad, uvijek uticati na naše tijelo i tako dovesti do poveć anog nivoa funkcionisanja (Bjelica & Krivikapić, 2019). S druge strane, neaktivnost uzrokuje 9% prerane smrtnosti, što brojem iznosi više nego 5,3 od 57 miliona smrtnih slučajeva širom svijeta tokom 2008. godine (Lee i sar. 2012). Istoimeni autori navode da ukoliko neaktivnost nije eliminisana ali jeste umanjena za 10% ili 25%, onda bi se smrtnost tokom svake godine mogla izbjeći za više od 533 000 odnosno za više od 1,3 miliona slučajeva. Ovakav navod potvrđuje i činjenica da Abstract
众所周知，这种引入会导致人体能力下降，这是一个全球性的低亲合力问题，也是主要的社会问题之一（Choševic，Ormanovic，Doder，&Čovic，2017；Ciricic，Choševic，Bejdic，2015）。个人的气压每十年下降8-10%，而非常活跃的人可以将这一水平降低2-3%。力量的下降在60岁时是敏感的，尤其是在70岁时（15%或30%）（Sharkey和Gaskill，2008）。在许多研究中，也证实了生物衰老引起的变化与老年人自行车活动水平的降低有关，从而导致肌肉质量和身体功能的降低。众所周知，有组织的身体锻炼对整个人体有很多积极影响，而且它们对个人及其工作活动的身体和健康影响具有明确和优先的地位。然而，无论一个人做什么，无论是从事简单的循环业务（穿着、饲养、农业工作）还是进行体育锻炼，他的肌肉、心血管、呼吸和中枢神经系统都是活跃的。同样，体育活动，无论是体育锻炼还是体育锻炼，都会影响我们的身体，从而提高一定程度的功能（White&Krivikapic，2019）。药物strane，neaktivnost uzrokuje 9%prerane smrtnosti，što brojem iznosi više nego 5,3 od 5700万smrtnih slučajevaširom svijeta tokom 2008。李和2012年9月）。同一作者说，如果不消除不活动，而是减少10%或25%，死亡每年可以避免533000多例，即130多万例。本声明确认
{"title":"Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity of Elderly Men from the Canton Sarajevo","authors":"Izet Bajramovic, Herzegovina, Denis Čaušević, Damira Vranešić-Hadžimehmedović, A. Mekić, Marijana Podrug-Arapovic, Slavenko Likić","doi":"10.26773/JASPE.190703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/JASPE.190703","url":null,"abstract":"Uvod Poznato je da starenje za posljedicu ima opadanje tjelesnih sposobnosti čovjeka, što je uz globalni problem hipokinezije, jedan od vodećih savremenih problema društva (Čaušević, Ormanović, Doder, & Čović, 2017; Ćirić, Čaušević, & Bejdić, 2015). Individualni aerobni fi tness se smanjuje za 8-10% tokom svake decenije života, dok veoma aktivni ljudi mogu smanjiti ovaj nivo na 2-3%. Opadanje snage je osjetno u šezdesetim, a posebno u sedamdesetim godinama života (15% odnosno 30%), (Sharkey & Gaskill, 2008). Takođe u brojnim studijama, utvrđeno je da su promjene koje nastaju kao posljedica biološkog starenja, povezane sa smanjenim stepenom fi zičke aktivnosti osoba starije dobi, a koje za posljedicu imaju smanjenje mišićne mase i tjelesne funkcije. Poznato je da organizovano tjelesno vježbanje ima mnogo pozitivnih efekata na organizam čovjeka u cjelini, te da ima jasan i prioritetan fi zički i zdravstveni uticaj na osobe i njihove radne aktivnosti. Međutim, bez obzira na to šta osoba radi – bilo da se bavi prostim fi zičkim poslom (nošenjem, podizanjem, poljoprivrednim radom) ili vrši fi zičke vježbe, njen mišić ni, kardio-vaskularni, respiratorni i centralni nervni sistem aktivno funkcionišu. Shodno tome će fi zička aktivnost, bilo kao tjelesna vježba ili fi zički rad, uvijek uticati na naše tijelo i tako dovesti do poveć anog nivoa funkcionisanja (Bjelica & Krivikapić, 2019). S druge strane, neaktivnost uzrokuje 9% prerane smrtnosti, što brojem iznosi više nego 5,3 od 57 miliona smrtnih slučajeva širom svijeta tokom 2008. godine (Lee i sar. 2012). Istoimeni autori navode da ukoliko neaktivnost nije eliminisana ali jeste umanjena za 10% ili 25%, onda bi se smrtnost tokom svake godine mogla izbjeći za više od 533 000 odnosno za više od 1,3 miliona slučajeva. Ovakav navod potvrđuje i činjenica da Abstract","PeriodicalId":32340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48624182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：