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Differences in Some Morphological Characteristics and Body Mass Index in Children of Younger School Age with Reference to Their Gender 低龄儿童某些形态特征和体质指数的性别差异
Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190707
B. Banjević
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引用次数: 3
Report of the 16th Annual International Scientific Conference of the Montenegrin Sports Academy 黑山体育学院第16届年度国际科学会议报告
Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190710
Ivana Bavcevic
Introduction Th e greatest international event from the area of sports sciences was successfully held in Dubrovnik, Croatia this year. Th e 16th Annual International Scientifi c Conference ‘Sport, Physical Activity and Health: Contemporary Perspectives’ was hosted by the Montenegrin Sports Academy on April 4-7, 2019 in the Hotel Croatia in Cavtat. It has been considered as one of the most important scientifi c events related to the sports sciences in the region due to its increasing international standing and relevance of the conference that was fi rmly confi rmed as it hosted 364 authors and 223 participants from almost 50 countries. ‘Th is year conference is the most attended conference ever that is organized by the Montenegrin Sports Academy and Faculty for Sport and Physical Education at the University of Montenegro. However, it is interesting that we have just 70 females, comparing to 152 males, but I do believe the Female Investigator Award might distract this trend in the future and promote our annual conference among the female population,’ said Professor doctor Stevo Popovic, dean of the Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro. Th e conference provided the platform for researchers and experts who had an opportunity for networking through discussions and exchange on the international level. Th is event gave an opportunity for experts not only to network, but also to share ideas and present their research to a worldwide community. Th is year’s conference was held with the overwhelming support and acknowledgement from all the partner institutions. Th e conference chair, Professor doctor Dusko Bjelica, handed them out the certifi cates of appreciation for the special contribution and support to the conference. Th e recipients of the certifi cate in this category were Danilo Nikolic, Dusan Simonovic, Haris Alic, Damir Sekulic, Tomislav Krsticevic, Antonio Figueiredo, Svetislav Popovic, Igor Vusanovic, Velimir Rakocevic, Nikola Milovic, Marin Corluka, Zoran Milosevic, and Nebojsa Maksimovic. Th e next category was intended for the invited speakers who were also awarded with a certifi cate of appreciation for outstanding accomplishment in invited speech and the recipients for this category were Michael Chia, Young Sub Kwon, Robert C. Schneider, Milan Zvan, Lana Ruzic, and Miodrag Spasic. Abstract
今年在克罗地亚的杜布罗夫尼克成功举办了体育科学领域最大的国际盛会。第16届年度国际科学会议“体育、体育活动与健康:当代视角”于2019年4月4日至7日在黑山体育学院的克罗地亚酒店举办。由于其日益提高的国际地位和会议的相关性,它被认为是该地区与体育科学相关的最重要的科学事件之一,会议得到了肯定,因为它接待了来自近50个国家的364位作者和223名参与者。今年的会议是有史以来参加人数最多的会议,由黑山体育学院和黑山大学体育与体育教育学院组织。“然而,有趣的是,我们只有70名女性,而男性有152名,但我相信女性研究者奖可能会在未来转移这一趋势,并在女性人群中推广我们的年度会议,”黑山大学运动与体育学院院长史蒂夫·波波维奇教授博士说。会议为研究人员和专家提供了一个平台,他们有机会通过国际层面的讨论和交流建立联系。该活动不仅为专家们提供了一个建立网络的机会,而且还提供了一个向全球社区分享想法和展示他们研究成果的机会。今年的会议得到了所有伙伴机构的大力支持和肯定。会议主席Dusko Bjelica教授博士向他们颁发了感谢证书,以感谢他们对会议的特殊贡献和支持。这一类别的证书获得者是达尼洛·尼科利奇、杜桑·西蒙诺维奇、哈里斯·阿里奇、达米尔·塞库利奇、托米斯拉夫·克里斯蒂切维奇、安东尼奥·菲格雷多、斯韦蒂斯拉夫·波波维奇、伊戈尔·武萨诺维奇、维利米尔·拉科切维奇、尼古拉·米洛维奇、马林·科卢卡、佐兰·米洛舍维奇和内博伊萨·马克西莫维奇。下一个类别是特邀演讲嘉宾,他们在特邀演讲方面的杰出成就也获得了赞赏证书,这一类别的获奖者是Michael Chia, Young Sub Kwon, Robert C. Schneider, Milan Zvan, Lana Ruzic和Miodrag Spasic。摘要
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引用次数: 2
Faculty Education of Sports Journalists in Montenegro and Serbia 黑山和塞尔维亚体育记者的师资教育
Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190706
M. Maroš, Tamara Djukic
Uvod U vremenu iščezavanja specijalizacije novinara na balkanskim prostorima, mada je pitanje i u kojoj su mjeri oni zaista bili u pravom smislu specijalizovani, jedino su sportski novinari opstali kao struka. „Novinar ne može s jednakom sposobnošću pratiti sva zbivanja i biti istodobno stručnjak za kulturu, sport, unutarnju politiku i zdravstvo. Kako bi se izbjeglo svaštarenje, specijalizacija novinara za određena područja u novinarstvu se primjenjuje još od 1830. godine“ (Vasilj, 2014). Teoretičar Marko Sapunar u posebne vrste novinarstva, osim sportskog, navodi: poslovno, vjersko, obrazovno i vojno (Sapunar, 2004). “U procesu dobre promocije su nezamjenljivi mediji, jer oni informišu, animiraju i na taj način rekreiraju javnost. Prikazujući sportske programe, sa nacionalnim ili međunarodnim sadržajem, postižu rekordnu gledanost i profi tiraju odmah ili kasnije” (Maros, 2015) Potreba za obrazovanim sportskim novinarima se na našim prostorima pojavila u posljednjih nekoliko godina. Poznata je činjenica da je sport fenomen koji privlači veliku pažnju. Miroslav Vasilj (2014) u svojoj knjizi „Sportsko novinarstvo“ ističe da sportsko novinarstvo ima poseban status zbog brojne publike i da teoretičari medija na ovim prostorima ne posvećuju puno pažnje ovoj vrsti novinarstva. On je ovu knjigu posvetio studentima novinarstva, odnosa s javnošću, komunikologije, ali i sportskim novinarima sa iskustvom. U svijetu, a posebno u Americi i Engleskoj, odavno postoje specijalizovani studijski programi i škole za obrazovanje sportskih novinara. U Americi sportsko novinarstvo uglavnom postoji kao poseban studijski program na fakultetima novinarstva. Studentima, koji žele da budu budući diplomirani sportski novinari, nudi se veliki izbor univerziteta, a neki od najpoznatijih su državni Univerzitet u Teksasu, Pensilvaniji, Indijani, Merilendu, Univerzitet Maršal i privatni Univerzitet Vebster. Abstract
巴尔干半岛新闻专业化的引入是一个问题,他们真正的专业化方式是什么,但只有体育记者作为专家幸存下来。”媒体不可能以同样的能力监测所有事件,同时成为文化、体育、内部政策和健康方面的专家。为了避免扩张,新闻专业化从1830年开始应用。年(Vasily,2014)。除体育外,一种特殊新闻的理论家Marko Sapunar指出:商业、宗教、教育和军事(Sapunar,2004)。Maros,2015年表示:“在良好的宣传过程中,媒体是不可改变的,因为它们被公众告知、激活,从而被重新创造。通过播放具有国家或国际内容的体育节目,记录视图和简介现在或以后都会出现。”在过去几年里,我们对受过教育的体育记者的需求已经出现。事实上,体育是一种备受关注的现象。Miroslav Vasilj(2014)“这些领域的媒体理论家并不太关注这类新闻。他把这本书献给了新闻专业的学生、公共关系、传播,也献给了有经验的体育记者。在世界上,尤其是美国和英国,很久以前就有专门的研究项目和学校。以及教育体育记者。在美国,体育新闻学主要是新闻学院的一个专门学习项目。想要成为一名体育记者毕业生的学生可以选择大学,还有德克萨斯州、宾夕法尼亚州、印度、梅里伦德、马歇尔大学和韦伯斯特私立大学等一些最著名的大学。摘要
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引用次数: 0
A Content Analysis of Papers Published by the Lecturers of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education for the Last Three Years in Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education 《体育人类学学报》近三年体育学院讲师论文内容分析
Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190709
Dragan Bacovic
Uvod Jaspe je štampani i elektronski časopis koji, uz korišćenje savremenih metoda, ima za cilj predstavljanje naučnih saznanja o antropologiji i fi zičkom vaspitanju stručnoj i naučnoj javnosti. Od oktobra 2017. do danas objavljeno je sedam izdanja časopisa. JASPE karakteriše otvoren pristup, brzo vrijeme objavljivanja, recenziranje od strane iskusnih naučnih istraživača, zajednički forum i komentarisanje članaka, medijsku pokrivenost u zemlji i svijetu, te vidljivost i uticaj u naučnim bazama radova. Jaspe izlazi četiri puta godišnje: u januaru, aprilu, julu i oktobru. Kao multidisciplinarni časopis, objavljuje originalne naučne radove, pregledne članke, kratke izvještaje, recenzije, kao i pozive i nagrade u oblasti antropologije sporta i fi zičkog vaspitanja. Prekriva svih pet aspekata iz oblasti antropologije i sporta: kulturne, globalne, biološke, jezičke i medicinske. JASPE izdaje “Montenegrosport”, u saradnji sa Fakultetom za sport i fi zičko vaspitanje Univerziteta Crne Gore i Crnogorskom sportskom akademijom. Glavni urednik je Bojan Mašanović sa Univerziteta Crne Gore, dok urednička mjesta po oblastima pokrivaju: Miomir Maroš sa Univerziteta Crne Gore (kulturna antropologija), Kubilay Ocal sa Mugla Univerziteta iz Turske (Globalna antropologija), Dušan Stupar sa Ecudons Univerziteta iz Srbije (Fizička antropologija), Tatjana Jovović sa Univerziteta Crne Gore (Lingvistička antropologija) i Nina Đukanović sa Univerziteta u Beogradu (Medicinska antropologija).
Jaspe的简介是一本新闻和电子杂志,旨在使用现代方法向科学界介绍有关人类学和自行车的科学知识。自2017年10月起。直到今天,共出版了七期杂志。JASPE的特点是开放获取、快速出版、由经验丰富的科学研究人员重新理解、文章的联合论坛和评论、国家和世界媒体的报道以及对科学作品的可见性和影响。树叶一年脱落四次:一月、四月、七月和十月。作为一本多学科杂志,他出版人类学、体育和心理学领域的原创科学作品、评论、简短报告、评论以及呼吁和奖项。它涵盖了人类学和体育的所有五个方面:文化、全球、生物学、语言和医学。JASPE与黑山大学和黑山体育与渔业学院合作出版了《黑山体育》。编辑是黑山大学的Bojan Mašanovic,编辑网站包括:黑山大学的Miomir Moros(文化人类学)、土耳其大学的Kubilay Ocal(全球人类学)、塞尔维亚大学的Dushan Stupar(物理人类学),黑山大学的Tatjana Jovovic(语言人类学)和贝尔格莱德大学的Nina Djukanovic(医学人类学)。
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引用次数: 2
The Effects of Sports-Recreational Activities on the Inclusion of Young Montenegrins in Society 体育娱乐活动对黑山青年融入社会的影响
Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190704
B. Masanovic
Introduction To have the possibility and capacity for full and productive participation in economic, social and cultural life, as well as to enjoy the standard of living, that is, the welfare that is considered normal in a developed community, is to be socially involved (Commission of the European Communities, 2000). In contrast, social exclusion is a shortened term for what can happen when community members suff er from a combination of related problems such as unemployment, incompetence, low income, inadequate living conditions, poor health conditions, high crime rates and deteriorated relationships in the family (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001). Davidson, Stayner, Nickou, Styron, and Chinman (2001) have established three dimensions of social inclusion that are related to friendship, the feeling of personal value and optimism, which leads us to the conclusion that a person can not be considered socially involved unless he is not capable to realize friendship experiences at a certain degree, to perform useful and meaningful activities in society and to hope for an even better future. However, about 11% of the adult population can be considered socially excluded (Jehoel-Gijsbers & Vrooman, 2007), which can be a huge problem for the entire community. If such a signifi cant part of the society is separated from the part of the population that normally lives and contributes to the community, the whole society will be harmed. Th erefore, society increasingly applies interventions of any kind aimed at increasing social inclusion. Th e inclusion of as many people as possible in any form of activity and co-operation is shown to be a key in the recovery from mental problems, the reduction of poor mental health and the increase in mental strength (Wilson & Seckter, 2015). Social inclusion, understood as a multi-dimensional concept, includes physical, psychological, social and professional aspects (Le Boutillier & Croucher, 2010). So, if physical activity, as we know, positively infl uences all these dimensions, and if we certainly know from previous research that it can positively infl uence mental health, and also help to recover both mentally and physically (Biddle & Asare, 2011; Mašanović, Popovic, Bjelica, Vukotic, Zoric, 2018, Masanovic, Popovic, Vukotic, 2019; Popovic, Bjelica, Masanovic, & Gardasevic, 2019), then we must use it. Abstract
拥有充分和富有成效地参与经济、社会和文化生活的可能性和能力,以及享受生活水平,即在发达社会中被认为是正常的福利,就是社会参与(欧洲共同体委员会,2000)。相反,社会排斥是指社区成员遭受诸如失业、无能、收入低、生活条件不足、卫生条件差、犯罪率高和家庭关系恶化等相关问题时可能发生的情况(社会排斥股,2001年)。Davidson, Stayner, Nickou, Styron, and Chinman(2001)建立了与友谊、个人价值感受和乐观主义有关的社会包容的三个维度,这使我们得出结论,除非一个人不能在一定程度上实现友谊体验,不能在社会中进行有用和有意义的活动,不能期望更美好的未来,否则不能被认为是社会参与。然而,大约11%的成年人口可以被认为是被社会排斥的(Jehoel-Gijsbers & Vrooman, 2007),这对整个社区来说可能是一个巨大的问题。如果社会中如此重要的一部分人与正常生活并为社会做出贡献的那部分人分开,那么整个社会将受到损害。因此,社会越来越多地采用旨在增加社会包容的任何形式的干预措施。尽可能多的人参与任何形式的活动和合作被证明是从精神问题中恢复、减少不良心理健康和增加精神力量的关键(Wilson & Seckter, 2015)。社会包容被理解为一个多维度的概念,包括身体、心理、社会和职业方面(Le Boutillier & Croucher, 2010)。因此,如果体育活动,正如我们所知,积极影响所有这些方面,如果我们确实从以前的研究中知道,它可以积极影响心理健康,也有助于恢复精神和身体(Biddle & Asare, 2011;Mašanović,波波维奇,比耶利卡,武科蒂奇,佐里奇,2018,马萨诺维奇,波波维奇,武科蒂奇,2019;Popovic, Bjelica, Masanovic, & Gardasevic, 2019),那么我们必须使用它。摘要
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引用次数: 2
Marketing Mix in Team Sports in Serbia 塞尔维亚团队体育的营销组合
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190701
R. Matic, N. Maksimović, J. Vukovic, Dusan Corilic, Rajko Bujković, D. Jakšić
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引用次数: 1
Scientific Research Papers of Lecturers from the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Niksic Published in Sport Mont Journal in Last Three Years 尼基奇体育学院讲师近三年在《体育月报》上发表的科研论文
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190708
Pavle Malović
Uvod Sport Mont je zvanični časopis Crnogorske sportske akademije (CSA) koji je pokrenut 2003. godine, a za čije su osnivanje zaslužni CSA i njen predsjednik Duško Bjelica. U ovom časopisu, koji izlazi tri puta godišnje, može se naći preko 1400 radova koji pokrivaju mnoge aspekte sportske nauke. Naučni časopis “Sport Mont” predstavlja objedinjavanje saznanja prakse i teorije, a samim tim i šire sagledavanje mnogih drugih, bitnih pitanja vezanih za sport. U ovom časopisu je moguće naći originalne naučne radove, pregledne radove, uvodnike, kratke izvještaje, kao i poziv i nagrade radova u oblasti sportskih nauka i medicine. Takođe funkcioniše i kao otvoreni forum za diskusiju o značajnim aktuelnim pitanjima, a autori koji objavljuju u njemu su naučnici kako iz naše zemlje, zemalja iz regiona, tako i iz cijelog svijeta. Kao i svaki početak, i onaj koji se veže za razvoj i afi rmaciju časopisa “Sport Mont” bio je težak. Ali mukotrpnim radom uredništva situacija se mijenjala, radovi koji su objavljivani postajali su kvalitetniji i “Sport Mont” je postao renomiran časpis u svijetu nauke. U prilog tome govori činjenica da je februarsko izdanje 2019. godine pomenutog časopisa indeksirano u 44 međunarodne baze, od kojih je najznačajnija Scopus. Svrha časopisa je promocija sportske nauke kako u Crnoj Gori, tako i van nje.
《Sport Mont》是黑山体育学院(CSA)于2003年推出的官方杂志。CSA及其主席白宫成立的那一年。在这本每年出版三次的杂志中,可以找到1400多个工作岗位,涵盖体育科学的许多方面。科学杂志《运动山》代表了学习实践和理论的结合,对许多其他重要的体育问题也有同样的看法。在这本杂志中,可以找到原创的科学作品、评论、会议、简短报告,以及对体育科学和医学工作的呼吁和奖励。它也是一个关于重要话题的公开讨论论坛,发表在其中的作者都是来自我们国家、地区和世界的科学家。《体育Mont》杂志的发展和事务一直是一个艰难的开端。但随着编辑工作的困难,出版的作品变得更有质量,《运动山》成为了一本经过翻新的科学杂志。他进一步指出,2019年2月是该杂志提到的年份在44个国际基地,其中Scopus是最重要的。该杂志的宗旨是在黑山国内外推广体育科学。
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引用次数: 1
Anthropometric Characteristics of Elite Soccer Players from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro 波黑和黑山优秀足球运动员的人体测量特征
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190702
M. Corluka, Herzegovina, D. Bjelica, J. Gardašević, I. Vasiljević
Introduction A soccer game is said to be the most important secondary thing in the world, it gathers huge masses at stadiums and in front of TVs (Gardašević, 2010; Gardašević, Bjelica, Popović, & Milašinović, 2016). It is a highly dynamic and fast team game which, with its richness of movement, falls under category of polystructural sports games (Bjelica, 2005; Gardašević i Goranović, 2011; Gardašević i Bjelica, 2013; Gardaševic & Bjelica, 2014a; Gardasevic i Bjelica, 2014b). Soccer is a sport that is characterized by numerous and various complex and dynamic kinesiological activities which are then characterized by either cyclical (Gardašević, Vasiljević i Bojanić, 2015; Bjelica, Popović, & Gardašević, 2016a; Bjelica, Popović i Gardašević, 2016b; Sermaxhaj, Popovic, Bjelica, Gardasevic, & Arifi, 2017; Gardasevic, Bjelica & Vasiljevic, 2017a; Gardasevic, Bjelica & Vasiljevic, 2017b) or acyclical movement (Gardasevic, 2015; Gardašević i sar., 2015; Gardašević, Bjelica i Vasiljević, 2016a; Gardašević, Bjelica i Vasiljević, 2016b; Gardasevic, Bjelica, Milasinovic i Vasiljevic, 2016; Gardaševic i Vasiljević, 2016; Gardasevic, Popovic, & Bjelica, 2016). In soccer, top score can be achieved only under conditions of well-programmed training process (Gardašević, Bjelica i Popović, 2015). High quality management of the training process depends on the knowing of the structure of certain anthropological capabiAbstract
引言足球比赛被认为是世界上最重要的次要事物,它在体育场和电视前聚集了大量的观众(Gardašević,2010;Gardaš。这是一种高度动态和快速的团队游戏,由于其丰富的动作,属于多结构体育游戏的范畴(Bjelica,2005;Gardaševići Goranović,2011;GardaŠ。足球是一项运动,其特点是有许多复杂而动态的运动学活动,这些活动要么是周期性的(Gardašević,Vasiljevići Bojanić,2015;Bjelica,Popović和Gardaš(Gardasevic,2015;Gardaševići sar.,2015;加达谢维奇,Bjelica i Vasiljević,2016a;加达谢维奇,Bjelica i瓦siljevič,2016b;加达谢维奇,比耶利卡,米拉辛诺维奇i瓦西里耶维奇,2016;加达舍维奇i瓦西里耶维奇,2016年;加达塞维奇,波波维奇和比耶利察,2016)。在足球运动中,只有在程序良好的训练过程中才能取得高分(Gardašević,Bjelica i Popović)。培训过程的高质量管理取决于对某些人类学能力结构的了解摘要
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引用次数: 4
Leg Length Discrepancy in College Students and Its Association with Low Back Pain: a Preliminary Study 大学生腿长差异及其与腰痛关系的初步研究
Pub Date : 2019-04-19 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190403
I. Haryono, Melani Kawilarang, N. Prastowo
Introduction Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is an inequality of the lower limb length. Th e LLD is commonly found in population and the prevalence is varied widely depending on the magnitude of the discrepancy. It is estimated that 23% of the general population having inequality of 1 cm or more (Gross, 1978). A study by Raczkowski, Daniszewska, & Zolynski (2010) measuring and classifying discrepancy reported that diff erences of 1 cm were more prevalent in children aged 5 to 17 years. Th e cutoff for LLD is usually determined based on the eff ect of diff erent leg length that results in signifi cant clinical symptoms. Previous studies used diff erent cutoff for leg length discrepancy (Liu, Fabry, Molenaers, Lammens, & Moens, 1998; Shailam, Jaramillo, & Kan, 2013). In one study (Shailam et al., 2013), LLD was assumed as 10 mm whereas another study (Liu et al., 1998) determined 20 mm of LLD that can cause clinical symptoms. Th e inequality of the leg length will aff ect posture and induce gait abnormality. Scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and gait asymmetry are the most common consequences of LLD (Gross, 1978; Liu et al., 1998; Shailam et al., 2013). Th e prevalence of LBP is high worldwide. Low back pain is defi ned as pain on the posterior area between the lower margin of the lowest rib and gluteal folds. Low back pain aff ects all age group but mostly in young adult (Lunde, Koch, Hanvold, Waersted, & Veiersted, 2015). Many causes of LBP have been documented. Even with no mortality reported, LBP causes functional disturbance leading to disability, decreases proAbstract
引言腿长差异(LLD)是下肢长度的一个不等式。LLD常见于人群中,患病率因差异的大小而有很大差异。据估计,23%的普通人口的不平等程度达到或超过1厘米(Gross,1978)。Raczkowski、Daniszewska和Zolynski(2010)的一项测量和分类差异的研究报告称,1厘米的差异在5至17岁的儿童中更为普遍。LLD的临界值通常是根据不同腿长的影响来确定的,这会导致显著的临床症状。先前的研究对腿长差异使用了不同的截止值(Liu,Fabry,Molenaers,Lammens,&Moens,1998;Shailam,Jaramillo,&Kan,2013)。在一项研究中(Shailam等人,2013),LLD假设为10毫米,而另一项研究(Liu等人,1998)确定了20毫米会引起临床症状的LLD。腿长不均会影响姿势,诱发步态异常。脊柱侧弯、骨盆倾斜和步态不对称是LLD最常见的后果(Gross,1978;刘等人,1998;Shailam等人,2013)。LBP在世界范围内的患病率很高。腰痛被定义为位于最低肋骨下缘和臀褶之间的后部区域的疼痛。腰痛影响所有年龄组,但主要发生在年轻人身上(Lunde,Koch,Hanvold,Waersted,&Veiersted,2015)。LBP的许多原因已被记录在案。即使没有死亡报告,LBP也会导致功能紊乱,导致残疾,降低proAbstract
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引用次数: 3
Anthropometric Indices as Indicators of Obesity of Children from Elementary School in Montenegro 人体测量指标作为黑山小学儿童肥胖的指标
Pub Date : 2019-04-19 DOI: 10.26773/JASPE.190408
Pavle Malović
Uvod Još 1997. godine, prema saopštenju Svjetske zdravstvene ogranizacije (WHO), gojaznost je okarakterisana kao javni zdravstveni problem. U saopšetenju se navodi da je uticaj gojaznosti toliko veliki i ekstreman da bi ga trebalo smatrati jednim od najvećih zapostavljenih zdravstvenih problema našeg vremena, a negativan uticaj na zdravlje poredi se čak sa onim koje prouzrokuje pušenje. Povećanje gojaznosti kod đece uočeno je kako u razvijenim zemljama, tako i u zemljama u razvoju (Wang & Lobstein, 2006). Nedavni izvještaji ukazuju da je ovaj porast mnogo veći u zemljama u razvoju, nego što je to u razvijenim zemljama (de Onis, Blossner, & Borghi, 2010). Ukoliko je gojaznost prisutna u ranom djetinjstvu postoji tendencija da dijete ima problem sa gojaznošću i tokom daljeg odrastanja, sa rizikom od ranog obolijevanja od hronično nezaraznih bolesti, kao što su dijabetes, povišen krvni pritisak i koronarna arterijska bolest. (Lobstein, Baur, & Uauy, 2004; de Onis i sar., 2010; Popović, Bjelica, Mašanović, & Vukotić, 2018). Štaviše, gojazna đeca su pod rizikom od kožnih oboljenja, ortopedskih komplikacija i psihosocijalnih problema kao što su zadirkivanje, odbijanje vršnjaka i depresija (Lobstein i sar., 2004). Takođe, u Sjevernoj Americi i Evropi je zapažen sve veći porast gojaznosti đece poslednje dvije decenije (Gortmaker, Dietz, Sobol, & Wehler, 1987). Ovo zapažanje izaziva ozbiljnu zabrinutost, a upravo iz razloga što se gojaznost koja se pojavila tokom djetinjstva može zadržati i tokom odrastanja (Power, Lake, & Cole, 1997; Must, Jacques, Dallal, Bajema, & Dietz, 1992), što kasnije može prouzrokovati ozbiljna oboljenja u odrasloj dobi, kao što su ateroskleroza i povećani kardiovaskularni morbiditet (Srinivasan, Bao, Wattigney, & Berenson, 1996). U zemljama sa srednjim i niskim dohotkom gojaznost i neuhranjenost su čest problem (Wang & Lobstein, 2006). Dakle, u zemljama sa pomenutim nivoom dohotka problem, sa prekomjernom težinom i gojaznošću uglavnom je povezan sa neuhranjenošću u toku fetalnog perioda i prve dvije godine života (Palloni, McEniry, Davila, & Gurucharri, 2005; Fung, 2009). Epidemiološke studije u nekim od ovih zemalja pokazale su da đeca koja su bila neuhranjena i nedovoljno razvijena imaju veće šanse za nakupljanje masnog tkiva u centralnoj (abdominalnoj) regiji i razvoja metaboličkih Abstract
1997年。根据世界卫生组织的规定,肥胖是一个公共健康问题。声明指出,尊严的影响是如此巨大和极端,它应该被视为我们这个时代健康的最大问题之一,对健康的负面影响与吸烟有关。发达国家和发展中国家的儿童尊严都有所提高(Wang和Lobstein,2006)。最近的报告显示,发展中国家的这一增长远大于发达国家(de Onis,Blossner,Borghi,2010)。如果在儿童早期就怀孕了,那么孩子的问题就越来越严重,有患糖尿病、血压升高和冠状动脉疾病等早期慢性疾病的风险。(Lobstein、Baur和Uauy,2004年;de Onis和sar,2010年;Popović、Belica、Mašanović和Vukotić,2018年)。此外,葫芦儿童有患皮肤病、骨科并发症和心理社会问题的风险,如刺激、脊椎骨外展和抑郁症(Lobstein和sar,2004年)。此外,在北美和欧洲,在过去二十年中观察到儿童贫困的增长(Gortmaker,Dietz,Sobol,&Wehler,1987)。这一观察结果引起了严重的关注,正是因为儿童期的生长也可以在成年期保持(Power,Lake,&Cole,1997;Must,Jacques,Dallal,Bajema,&Dietz,1992),这可能会导致严重的成人疾病,随着动脉粥样硬化和心血管发病率的增加(Srinivasan,Bao,Wattigney,&Berenson,1996)。在收入密度高、收入密度低、无营养的国家,存在着普遍的问题(Wang&Lobstein,2006)。因此,在存在上述收入水平问题的国家,体重和产量过大主要与胎儿期和生命前两年的营养不良有关(Palloni,McEnary,Davila,Gurucharri,2005;冯,2009年)。其中一些国家的流行病学研究表明,未进食和发育不全的儿童在中央(腹部)脂肪聚集和发展代谢摘要的几率更高。
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引用次数: 4
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Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education
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