Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_168_21
C. Ochie, E. Aniwada, C. Uchegbu, T. Asogwa, Chika N. Onwasoigwe
Introduction: Administrative supervision of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the most important aspect of IPC/hazard controls. The practice, uptake, and compliance to IPC is a documented, cost-effective method of interrupting the infection transmission pathways. Poor or nonadherence to this has led to disabilities and loss of lives among health-care workers, especially in the face of emerging and re-emerging infections. The present study evaluated the practice of IPC as well as its uptake and administrative control among the primary health-care workers in Enugu metropolis, Southeast Nigeria. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study using semi-structured self-administered questionnaires and an observation checklist. Eligible health-care workers (HCWs) were selected using simple random sampling from ten primary health-care (PHC) facilities. Chi-square test was used to examine associations of interest. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of good IPC practices. Results: Three hundred eligible health-care workers participated in this study. More than a fifth (n = 65, 21.7%) of HCWs exhibited good practice of IPC measures. Correct practice of handwashing was noted among 275 (95.7%) respondents. Majority (n = 224, 74.7%) reported recapping of needles and engaged in unsanitary disposal of health-care wastes (n = 257, 85.7%). The prevalence of needlestick injuries 3 months prior to the study period was 53.3% (n = 160). Majority of those sampled reported a lack of IPC committee (n = 220, 73.3%), conspicuous signage to aid movement (n = 230, 76.7%), and an IPC policy (n = 217, 72.3%) in their respective centers. Identified predictors of good practice of IPC were age <40 years (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.57), being a community health extension worker or community health officer (AOR 3.76; 95% CI 1.56–9.03), and working for <20 years (AOR 5.10;95% CI 5.00-5.73). Conclusion: Poor practice of IPC and poor compliance to administrative control among PHC workers, in addition to lack of administrative facilities, remains a great challenge. There is an urgent need for capacity building on IPC and administrative support to reverse this trend.
{"title":"Infection prevention and control: Practice, uptake, and administrative control among primary health-care workers in enugu metropolis, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"C. Ochie, E. Aniwada, C. Uchegbu, T. Asogwa, Chika N. Onwasoigwe","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_168_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_168_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Administrative supervision of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the most important aspect of IPC/hazard controls. The practice, uptake, and compliance to IPC is a documented, cost-effective method of interrupting the infection transmission pathways. Poor or nonadherence to this has led to disabilities and loss of lives among health-care workers, especially in the face of emerging and re-emerging infections. The present study evaluated the practice of IPC as well as its uptake and administrative control among the primary health-care workers in Enugu metropolis, Southeast Nigeria. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study using semi-structured self-administered questionnaires and an observation checklist. Eligible health-care workers (HCWs) were selected using simple random sampling from ten primary health-care (PHC) facilities. Chi-square test was used to examine associations of interest. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of good IPC practices. Results: Three hundred eligible health-care workers participated in this study. More than a fifth (n = 65, 21.7%) of HCWs exhibited good practice of IPC measures. Correct practice of handwashing was noted among 275 (95.7%) respondents. Majority (n = 224, 74.7%) reported recapping of needles and engaged in unsanitary disposal of health-care wastes (n = 257, 85.7%). The prevalence of needlestick injuries 3 months prior to the study period was 53.3% (n = 160). Majority of those sampled reported a lack of IPC committee (n = 220, 73.3%), conspicuous signage to aid movement (n = 230, 76.7%), and an IPC policy (n = 217, 72.3%) in their respective centers. Identified predictors of good practice of IPC were age <40 years (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.57), being a community health extension worker or community health officer (AOR 3.76; 95% CI 1.56–9.03), and working for <20 years (AOR 5.10;95% CI 5.00-5.73). Conclusion: Poor practice of IPC and poor compliance to administrative control among PHC workers, in addition to lack of administrative facilities, remains a great challenge. There is an urgent need for capacity building on IPC and administrative support to reverse this trend.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"30 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47765139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_247_21
Sowmya Susan, S. Deepanjali
Background: Indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) are commonly used in hospitalized patients, but often for inappropriate indications. Aims: We aimed to study the appropriateness of IUC insertion among patients admitted under the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. We also studied the proportion of patients in whom the continued use of IUC was unjustified. Methods: During June–August 2019, we prospectively studied adult patients admitted to the emergency and medicine wards in whom an IUC was inserted in the past 48 hours. Appropriateness of catheter use was determined based on predefined criteria. Results: We studied 132 patients; 96 (72%) were male. IUC insertion was found to be inappropriate in 16 (12%) patients. The most common reason for inappropriate use was placing an IUC to monitor urine output in noncritically-ill patients (50%, 8/16). Of the 74 patients with appropriate indications for IUC insertion who were followed up, continued use of IUC was found inappropriate in 23 (31%) patients. In patients without appropriate indications for continued IUC use, the catheter remained in situ longer for a mean duration of 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.0–4.7) days. Conclusion: More than one in ten IUC insertions were found to be inappropriate. Even when the insertion was appropriate, IUCs were not removed in time in about a third of patients. Institutional policies and physician engagement are urgently needed to promote the appropriate use of IUCs.
{"title":"Appropriateness of indwelling urinary catheter use in medical inpatients: A prospective observational study","authors":"Sowmya Susan, S. Deepanjali","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_247_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_247_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) are commonly used in hospitalized patients, but often for inappropriate indications. Aims: We aimed to study the appropriateness of IUC insertion among patients admitted under the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. We also studied the proportion of patients in whom the continued use of IUC was unjustified. Methods: During June–August 2019, we prospectively studied adult patients admitted to the emergency and medicine wards in whom an IUC was inserted in the past 48 hours. Appropriateness of catheter use was determined based on predefined criteria. Results: We studied 132 patients; 96 (72%) were male. IUC insertion was found to be inappropriate in 16 (12%) patients. The most common reason for inappropriate use was placing an IUC to monitor urine output in noncritically-ill patients (50%, 8/16). Of the 74 patients with appropriate indications for IUC insertion who were followed up, continued use of IUC was found inappropriate in 23 (31%) patients. In patients without appropriate indications for continued IUC use, the catheter remained in situ longer for a mean duration of 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.0–4.7) days. Conclusion: More than one in ten IUC insertions were found to be inappropriate. Even when the insertion was appropriate, IUCs were not removed in time in about a third of patients. Institutional policies and physician engagement are urgently needed to promote the appropriate use of IUCs.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"27 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41987590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_190_21
K. Subramanian, Jinkala Sreerekha, B. Badhe, P. Penumadu
Vulval carcinomas are rare and account for 3%–5% of female genital tract malignancies. Primary vulval adenocarcinoma of intestinal type is an extremely rare tumor which is considered metastatic until otherwise proven with very few case reports available in the literature. A 58-year-old woman presented with recurrent swelling in the genital region associated with pain. She had a past history of surgery done for Bartholin's cyst which was reported as adenocarcinoma. She underwent radical vulvectomy for the recurrent tumor which showed features of adenocarcinoma with glandular and papillary pattern with abundant extracellular mucin production and immunohistochemical (IHC) features favoring a diagnosis of primary vulval mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type after excluding metastasis from other sites. As morphology cannot differentiate it from metastasis, a thorough investigation to rule out any primary in the gastrointestinal tract with a minimum IHC panel of markers including cytokeratin (CK) 20, CK7, carcinoembryonic antigen, and caudal-related homeobox 2 can help in confirming the diagnosis.
{"title":"Primary vulval mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type masquerading as Bartholin's cyst","authors":"K. Subramanian, Jinkala Sreerekha, B. Badhe, P. Penumadu","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_190_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_190_21","url":null,"abstract":"Vulval carcinomas are rare and account for 3%–5% of female genital tract malignancies. Primary vulval adenocarcinoma of intestinal type is an extremely rare tumor which is considered metastatic until otherwise proven with very few case reports available in the literature. A 58-year-old woman presented with recurrent swelling in the genital region associated with pain. She had a past history of surgery done for Bartholin's cyst which was reported as adenocarcinoma. She underwent radical vulvectomy for the recurrent tumor which showed features of adenocarcinoma with glandular and papillary pattern with abundant extracellular mucin production and immunohistochemical (IHC) features favoring a diagnosis of primary vulval mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type after excluding metastasis from other sites. As morphology cannot differentiate it from metastasis, a thorough investigation to rule out any primary in the gastrointestinal tract with a minimum IHC panel of markers including cytokeratin (CK) 20, CK7, carcinoembryonic antigen, and caudal-related homeobox 2 can help in confirming the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"49 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_121_21
Rakesh Kumar, P. Bhasker, Romesh Jain, Avineesh Chandra
Background: Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood group system in early 20th century, but still, uncertainty remains in immune-hematology while detection of ABO subgroups or weaker variants. The presence of weak subgroups in blood donor samples gives rises to discrepancy in forward (cell) and reverse (serum) grouping. Methods and Materials: We here report a case of the 'A' weak Rh 'D' Positive, Probably Ax Phenotype in a blood donor who came for replacement donation at our blood bank. The blood group discrepancy was resolved by using serological testing, Adsorption elution technique and saliva secretor study. Results: Blood grouping by the tube technique showed no reaction was shown with anti-B, a faint reaction with anti-A, 1+ agglutination with Anti-AB, and a significant reaction (4+) with anti-D and anti-H. The patient's serum showed the presence of anti-B antibody as well as anti-A1. Result for eluate showed microscopic agglutination (1+) with group A cells and a negative reaction with group B cells and saliva secretor study showed having only H substance. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of cell and serum grouping in solving blood group discrepancy in blood donors. This rare phenotype in a donor is first of its kind reported from India.
{"title":"Detection of rare blood group Ax phenotype in blood donor","authors":"Rakesh Kumar, P. Bhasker, Romesh Jain, Avineesh Chandra","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_121_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_121_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood group system in early 20th century, but still, uncertainty remains in immune-hematology while detection of ABO subgroups or weaker variants. The presence of weak subgroups in blood donor samples gives rises to discrepancy in forward (cell) and reverse (serum) grouping. Methods and Materials: We here report a case of the 'A' weak Rh 'D' Positive, Probably Ax Phenotype in a blood donor who came for replacement donation at our blood bank. The blood group discrepancy was resolved by using serological testing, Adsorption elution technique and saliva secretor study. Results: Blood grouping by the tube technique showed no reaction was shown with anti-B, a faint reaction with anti-A, 1+ agglutination with Anti-AB, and a significant reaction (4+) with anti-D and anti-H. The patient's serum showed the presence of anti-B antibody as well as anti-A1. Result for eluate showed microscopic agglutination (1+) with group A cells and a negative reaction with group B cells and saliva secretor study showed having only H substance. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of cell and serum grouping in solving blood group discrepancy in blood donors. This rare phenotype in a donor is first of its kind reported from India.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"87 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48776243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_21_21
Jyoti Sangwan, Aditi Minhas, Prof. Vanita Mane, A. Dhingra
Introduction: Malaria is one of the major life-threatening health problems in most of the tropical countries. Children are the most vulnerable group accounting for 67% of all malaria-associated deaths worldwide. Southern Haryana is typically endemic for malaria. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to describe the clinical presentation of complicated malaria and correlate clinical complications with malarial species. Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology along with Department of Pediatrics, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana. A total of 100 children with severe malaria admitted in the pediatric ward, confirmed by peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test, were included. Results: Out of 100 cases admitted, majority were due to Plasmodium vivax (73%), followed by mixed (18%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9%) infection. Children below 5 years were more infected (57%). Male preponderance was seen (55%). Fever was the most common symptom observed (95%). Pallor was the most common sign observed (85%). Among severity parameters, the most common were severe anemia (41%), jaundice (17%), abnormal bleeding (17%), convulsions (15%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (7%). The case fatality rate was 3%. Conclusion: P. vivax was previously known to cause benign malaria. The present study found that P. vivax mono-infection can cause severe malaria in children and should no longer be considered as benign malaria.
疟疾是大多数热带国家威胁生命的主要健康问题之一。儿童是最脆弱的群体，占全世界所有疟疾相关死亡的67%。哈里亚纳邦南部是典型的疟疾流行地区。因此，本研究旨在描述复杂疟疾的临床表现，并将临床并发症与疟疾种类联系起来。材料和方法:这是一项观察性横断面研究，在哈里亚纳邦努赫纳尔哈尔的Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati政府医学院微生物学系和儿科学系进行。经外周血涂片和快速诊断试验确认的儿科病房重症疟疾患儿共纳入100例。结果:100例住院病例中，以间日疟原虫感染为主(73%)，其次为混合感染(18%)和恶性疟原虫感染(9%)。5岁以下儿童受感染较多(57%)。男性占优势(55%)。发热是最常见的症状(95%)。面色苍白是最常见的症状(85%)。在严重程度参数中，最常见的是严重贫血(41%)、黄疸(17%)、异常出血(17%)、惊厥(15%)和急性呼吸窘迫综合征(7%)。病死率为3%。结论:间日疟原虫可引起良性疟疾。本研究发现，单间日疟原虫感染可引起儿童严重疟疾，不应再被视为良性疟疾。
{"title":"Pattern of severe malaria with special reference to Plasmodium vivax in pediatric population of the most aspirational region of North India","authors":"Jyoti Sangwan, Aditi Minhas, Prof. Vanita Mane, A. Dhingra","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_21_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_21_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Malaria is one of the major life-threatening health problems in most of the tropical countries. Children are the most vulnerable group accounting for 67% of all malaria-associated deaths worldwide. Southern Haryana is typically endemic for malaria. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to describe the clinical presentation of complicated malaria and correlate clinical complications with malarial species. Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology along with Department of Pediatrics, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana. A total of 100 children with severe malaria admitted in the pediatric ward, confirmed by peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test, were included. Results: Out of 100 cases admitted, majority were due to Plasmodium vivax (73%), followed by mixed (18%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9%) infection. Children below 5 years were more infected (57%). Male preponderance was seen (55%). Fever was the most common symptom observed (95%). Pallor was the most common sign observed (85%). Among severity parameters, the most common were severe anemia (41%), jaundice (17%), abnormal bleeding (17%), convulsions (15%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (7%). The case fatality rate was 3%. Conclusion: P. vivax was previously known to cause benign malaria. The present study found that P. vivax mono-infection can cause severe malaria in children and should no longer be considered as benign malaria.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"57 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45799465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_90_21
Vijayetha P. Patil, Vidya Patil
Background: Feedback gives an opportunity to students to analyze their work, performance, correct themselves and improves learning. The outcome also depends on the way it is delivered, and hence, we analyzed the effect of constructive feedback on students' performance and their perceptions. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a structured constructive feedback on the performance of low achieving students and to analyze their perceptions on feedback. Methodology: Students of the 1st year MBBS scoring <50% marks in Biochemistry test were included and divided into two groups randomly: Group A received feedback intervention and Group B was the control group. Structured constructive feedback based on Pendleton's rules was given to students in Group A after each formative assessment. Their logbook writing was also assessed. Performance score was compared between groups using student t-test. Students' perceptions on effect of feedback on their learning and performance were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Results: We found significant improvement in the performance of Group A in the immediate assessment test following feedback (t = 2.09, P = 0.04), but subsequent tests did not show any difference between the groups. Logbook performance was better in Group A than Group B (t = 2.51, P = 0.02). Greater number of students in Group A passed the summative examinations as compared to Group B. Students reported good perceptions on the feedback sessions and wanted it frequently. Conclusions: Feedback helped the students to identify their areas of lacunae and measures to overcome them in their studies. Students who received feedback showed improved learning attitude. They were satisfied with the feedback sessions and valued it.
{"title":"Effectiveness of structured feedback after formative tests on first year MBBS students' performance in summative examination","authors":"Vijayetha P. Patil, Vidya Patil","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_90_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_90_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Feedback gives an opportunity to students to analyze their work, performance, correct themselves and improves learning. The outcome also depends on the way it is delivered, and hence, we analyzed the effect of constructive feedback on students' performance and their perceptions. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a structured constructive feedback on the performance of low achieving students and to analyze their perceptions on feedback. Methodology: Students of the 1st year MBBS scoring <50% marks in Biochemistry test were included and divided into two groups randomly: Group A received feedback intervention and Group B was the control group. Structured constructive feedback based on Pendleton's rules was given to students in Group A after each formative assessment. Their logbook writing was also assessed. Performance score was compared between groups using student t-test. Students' perceptions on effect of feedback on their learning and performance were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Results: We found significant improvement in the performance of Group A in the immediate assessment test following feedback (t = 2.09, P = 0.04), but subsequent tests did not show any difference between the groups. Logbook performance was better in Group A than Group B (t = 2.51, P = 0.02). Greater number of students in Group A passed the summative examinations as compared to Group B. Students reported good perceptions on the feedback sessions and wanted it frequently. Conclusions: Feedback helped the students to identify their areas of lacunae and measures to overcome them in their studies. Students who received feedback showed improved learning attitude. They were satisfied with the feedback sessions and valued it.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"70 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_274_20
R. Priyadarshini, D. Beatrice
Background: Malnutrition is a long-standing global health issue to which the tribal population are highly vulnerable. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the nutritional status of tribal women in Kolagur, Yercaud, using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessment parameters. Subjects and Methods: An exploratory study was carried out among women (n = 100) between 18 and 60 years of age from Kolagur, a tribal village in Yercaud taluk, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Information on sociodemographic profile of participants was collected using a structured interview schedule. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary parameters were assessed using appropriate standard techniques/tools. Nutrient intake was computed using Diet Cal software and the statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics software version 25. Results: Majority of the participants were malnourished of which 25% were underweight, 20% were obese, and 17% were overweight. The mean waist-to-hip ratio (mean ± standard deviation: 0.87 ± 0.13) was marginally higher than the normal cutoff value for women. The prevalence of anemia was much lower where only 21% had mild anemia, 5% had moderate anemia, and 1% had severe anemia. About 21% were prediabetic and 9% were diabetic. Majority (51%) of the participants had altered blood pressure levels with 20% in hypertension Stage 2, 19% in prehypertensive stage, and 12% in hypertension Stage 1. The mean intake of nutrients such as energy, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and folate was significantly higher than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA), whereas the mean intake of fat, retinol, riboflavin, pyridoxine, calcium, and iron was significantly lesser than the RDA. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for well-planned nutrition-oriented health policies at the community level to eradicate the double burden of malnutrition.
{"title":"Nutritional profile of Kolagur tribal women in Yercaud, Tamil Nadu, India: An exploratory study","authors":"R. Priyadarshini, D. Beatrice","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_274_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_274_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is a long-standing global health issue to which the tribal population are highly vulnerable. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the nutritional status of tribal women in Kolagur, Yercaud, using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessment parameters. Subjects and Methods: An exploratory study was carried out among women (n = 100) between 18 and 60 years of age from Kolagur, a tribal village in Yercaud taluk, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Information on sociodemographic profile of participants was collected using a structured interview schedule. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary parameters were assessed using appropriate standard techniques/tools. Nutrient intake was computed using Diet Cal software and the statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics software version 25. Results: Majority of the participants were malnourished of which 25% were underweight, 20% were obese, and 17% were overweight. The mean waist-to-hip ratio (mean ± standard deviation: 0.87 ± 0.13) was marginally higher than the normal cutoff value for women. The prevalence of anemia was much lower where only 21% had mild anemia, 5% had moderate anemia, and 1% had severe anemia. About 21% were prediabetic and 9% were diabetic. Majority (51%) of the participants had altered blood pressure levels with 20% in hypertension Stage 2, 19% in prehypertensive stage, and 12% in hypertension Stage 1. The mean intake of nutrients such as energy, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and folate was significantly higher than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA), whereas the mean intake of fat, retinol, riboflavin, pyridoxine, calcium, and iron was significantly lesser than the RDA. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for well-planned nutrition-oriented health policies at the community level to eradicate the double burden of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41800446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_94_21
P. Nair, Rajeswari Aghoram, Madhuri Khilari
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition characterized by a predilection for recurrent seizures. It affects 3.0–11.9 persons per 1000 in India. The advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed us to harness computing power to evaluate enormous amounts of data to provide more definitive answers to many vexing questions in epilepsy such as the nature of a paroxysmal event, prediction of seizure, response to therapy, etc. In this article, we present an overview of AI and machine learning approaches to the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. We performed a MEDLINE search with both keywords (AI, epilepsy, Epilepsy, Machine learning, seizure) and MeSH terms (AI, Seizures) combined with Boolean operators. We present a narrative summary of the results. We initially discuss basic concepts regarding AI and its divisions, followed by a discussion of the role of AI in epilepsy from published studies particularly in the areas of diagnosis and classification of epilepsy; seizure detection and prediction; epileptogenesis; and management of epilepsy. Despite the growing popularity of AI in epilepsy, it should be remembered that these approaches are not without drawbacks. All machine learning approaches are data expensive and require a large computational capacity. This also has a bearing on the time taken for the development of these algorithms. AI is here to stay and influence all aspects of care for people with epilepsy (PWE) and it is necessary to equip ourselves to interface with these smart systems. This balance will help provide the best possible care to PWE.
{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in epilepsy","authors":"P. Nair, Rajeswari Aghoram, Madhuri Khilari","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_94_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_94_21","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a common neurological condition characterized by a predilection for recurrent seizures. It affects 3.0–11.9 persons per 1000 in India. The advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed us to harness computing power to evaluate enormous amounts of data to provide more definitive answers to many vexing questions in epilepsy such as the nature of a paroxysmal event, prediction of seizure, response to therapy, etc. In this article, we present an overview of AI and machine learning approaches to the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. We performed a MEDLINE search with both keywords (AI, epilepsy, Epilepsy, Machine learning, seizure) and MeSH terms (AI, Seizures) combined with Boolean operators. We present a narrative summary of the results. We initially discuss basic concepts regarding AI and its divisions, followed by a discussion of the role of AI in epilepsy from published studies particularly in the areas of diagnosis and classification of epilepsy; seizure detection and prediction; epileptogenesis; and management of epilepsy. Despite the growing popularity of AI in epilepsy, it should be remembered that these approaches are not without drawbacks. All machine learning approaches are data expensive and require a large computational capacity. This also has a bearing on the time taken for the development of these algorithms. AI is here to stay and influence all aspects of care for people with epilepsy (PWE) and it is necessary to equip ourselves to interface with these smart systems. This balance will help provide the best possible care to PWE.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"41 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_220_21
R. Bhavsar, S. Das, N. Mehta
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the principal cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. HCC is present in around 80% of cirrhotic livers. Tumor recurrence and chronic liver failure are causative factors for mortality in the long term. Early liver transplantation (LT) for HCC with a significant tumor mass was associated with a poor prognosis owing to tumor recurrence. The vast experience and effectiveness of transplantation for HCC have sparked debates over whether the Milan criteria are overly stringent. The idea of tumor “downstaging,” expanding the limitations of tumor size, choice of either living related donor or cadaver donor transplantation, along with posttransplant care and its importance in HCC, are presently at the heart of a heated dispute. The recommendations in this article have attempted to highlight some of the disputed issues surrounding LT in HCC and may help programs in managing such patients better.
{"title":"Transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma - controversies and recommendations: A review of current literature","authors":"R. Bhavsar, S. Das, N. Mehta","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_220_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_220_21","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the principal cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. HCC is present in around 80% of cirrhotic livers. Tumor recurrence and chronic liver failure are causative factors for mortality in the long term. Early liver transplantation (LT) for HCC with a significant tumor mass was associated with a poor prognosis owing to tumor recurrence. The vast experience and effectiveness of transplantation for HCC have sparked debates over whether the Milan criteria are overly stringent. The idea of tumor “downstaging,” expanding the limitations of tumor size, choice of either living related donor or cadaver donor transplantation, along with posttransplant care and its importance in HCC, are presently at the heart of a heated dispute. The recommendations in this article have attempted to highlight some of the disputed issues surrounding LT in HCC and may help programs in managing such patients better.","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_158_21
Sanjay Cherukuri
{"title":"Letter to editor: Why must faculty members in medical institutions engage in research?","authors":"Sanjay Cherukuri","doi":"10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_158_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_158_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32355,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"90 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43711870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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