Bu çalışmada plan ünitesi kapsamında kullanılacak çap-boy denklemlerinin düzenlenmesi için seçim yöntemi başarısı ve işlem süresi faktörleri gözetilerek en uygun örnek ağaç seçim yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için aynıyaşlı ve saf kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) meşcerelerinden seçilen 47 örnek alanda 1408 örnek ağaç ölçülmüştür. Örnek ağaçların seçimine ilişkin 54 farklı yöntem kurgulanmıştır. Her bir seçim yöntemi ile örneklem grupları oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra seçim yöntemlerini temsil yeteneğinin test edilmesi amacıyla 10 farklı modelin başarısı karşılaştırılmıştır. En başarılı modeller regresyon analizleri, başarı ölçüt setleri ve bağıl puanlama yöntemiyle değerlendirilerek seçilmişlerdir. Seçim yöntemleri, en başarılı bu modeller ile regresyon analizi için kullanılmayan tüm diğer ağaçlar üzerinde sınanmışlardır. Böylece her seçim yöntemi hata ve başarıları ile değerlendirilmiş ve puanlarına göre sıralanmıştır. Diğer taraftan seçim yöntemlerinin örnek alanlarda uygulanma süreleri en kısa yol optimizasyonları ve regresyon analizi yöntemleriyle hesaplanmıştır. En başarılı sonucu veren ve aynı zamanda uygulamadaki işlem süreleri en az olan seçim yöntemlerini belirlemek için Pareto optimal yöntem kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, seçim yöntemleri içerisinde en başarılı yöntemin 16 numaralı, uygulama süresi en kısa olanın ise 1 numaralı yöntem olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Her iki faktör de dikkate alındığında ise 07, 14, 15, 16, 51, 08, 43 ve 49 numaralı seçim yöntemlerinin optimal çözüm kümesini oluşturduğu ortaya konulmuştur. İdeal noktaya en yakın çözümün Weise orta ağacı ve ona en yakın konumdaki iki adet ağaçla çalışan 14 numaralı yöntem olduğu belirlenmiştir.
在本练习中，计划单元旨在通过监测成功率和处理因素来确定最佳示例树选择方法，以便安排在其范围内使用的计算方程。因此，在松田选择的47个样本是用1408个树木样本进行测量的。例如，有54种不同的选择树的方法。每种选择方法都会创建示例组。之后，对10种不同模型的成功进行了比较，以测试其代表选择方法的能力。通过回归分析、成功序列和基准测试方法选择了最成功的模型。Seçim yöntemleri，en başarılıbu modeller ile regressyon analizi için kullanılmayan tüm diğer ağaçlarüzerinde sınanmışlardır。因此，每种选择方法都经过了错误和成功的评估，并根据其要点进行了排序。另一方面，通过最短路径优化和回归分析方法计算了样本领域中应用方法的长度。帕累托最优方法用于确定在同一时间内最不成功的结果和过程。结果，选择方法中最成功的方法被确定为第16位，申请时间最短的方法被指定为第一位。当两个因素都集中时，显示了数字07、14、15、16、51、08、43和49的最优解集。离处理点最近的解决方案是Weise中间树，它被确定为适用于两个相邻树的14号方法。
{"title":"Development of sample tree selection criteria for diameter height models","authors":"Niyazi Özçankaya, S. Carus","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1162142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1162142","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada plan ünitesi kapsamında kullanılacak çap-boy denklemlerinin düzenlenmesi için seçim yöntemi başarısı ve işlem süresi faktörleri gözetilerek en uygun örnek ağaç seçim yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için aynıyaşlı ve saf kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) meşcerelerinden seçilen 47 örnek alanda 1408 örnek ağaç ölçülmüştür. Örnek ağaçların seçimine ilişkin 54 farklı yöntem kurgulanmıştır. Her bir seçim yöntemi ile örneklem grupları oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra seçim yöntemlerini temsil yeteneğinin test edilmesi amacıyla 10 farklı modelin başarısı karşılaştırılmıştır. En başarılı modeller regresyon analizleri, başarı ölçüt setleri ve bağıl puanlama yöntemiyle değerlendirilerek seçilmişlerdir. Seçim yöntemleri, en başarılı bu modeller ile regresyon analizi için kullanılmayan tüm diğer ağaçlar üzerinde sınanmışlardır. Böylece her seçim yöntemi hata ve başarıları ile değerlendirilmiş ve puanlarına göre sıralanmıştır. Diğer taraftan seçim yöntemlerinin örnek alanlarda uygulanma süreleri en kısa yol optimizasyonları ve regresyon analizi yöntemleriyle hesaplanmıştır. En başarılı sonucu veren ve aynı zamanda uygulamadaki işlem süreleri en az olan seçim yöntemlerini belirlemek için Pareto optimal yöntem kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, seçim yöntemleri içerisinde en başarılı yöntemin 16 numaralı, uygulama süresi en kısa olanın ise 1 numaralı yöntem olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Her iki faktör de dikkate alındığında ise 07, 14, 15, 16, 51, 08, 43 ve 49 numaralı seçim yöntemlerinin optimal çözüm kümesini oluşturduğu ortaya konulmuştur. İdeal noktaya en yakın çözümün Weise orta ağacı ve ona en yakın konumdaki iki adet ağaçla çalışan 14 numaralı yöntem olduğu belirlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the growth of poplar plantations in narrow spacings for wood production in accordance with the demand of the board and paper industry were investigated. For this purpose, trial plantations for P.x euramericana and P. deltoides clones have been established. I-214, I-45/51, SAMSUN (I-77/51), İZMİT (S.307-26) and 89.M.060 clones were used in trial plantations. Trials 3m x 1.5m (4.5 m2), 3m x 2m (6.0 m2), 3m x 3m (9.0 m2), 3m x 4m (12.0 m2) and 3m x 5m (15.0 m2) 5 different narrow spacings were applied. For all poplar clones, site tables and volume tables by tree diameter and height have prepared. In addition, yield tables have been prepared for 3-12 age groups according to 3 site classes and 5 different spacings. Increment and growth relationships of diameter, height and stand elements in poplar plantations in narrow spacings were revealed. According to the analysis results, it has been determined that the most suitable clone was 89.M.060 and the planting spacing 4.5 m2/tree.
{"title":"Increment and growth in poplar plantations established in narrow spacings using the clones of Px euramericana and P. deltoides sp.","authors":"Sacit Koçer, M. Kara","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1149021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1149021","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the growth of poplar plantations in narrow spacings for wood production in accordance with the demand of the board and paper industry were investigated. For this purpose, trial plantations for P.x euramericana and P. deltoides clones have been established. I-214, I-45/51, SAMSUN (I-77/51), İZMİT (S.307-26) and 89.M.060 clones were used in trial plantations. Trials 3m x 1.5m (4.5 m2), 3m x 2m (6.0 m2), 3m x 3m (9.0 m2), 3m x 4m (12.0 m2) and 3m x 5m (15.0 m2) 5 different narrow spacings were applied. For all poplar clones, site tables and volume tables by tree diameter and height have prepared. In addition, yield tables have been prepared for 3-12 age groups according to 3 site classes and 5 different spacings. Increment and growth relationships of diameter, height and stand elements in poplar plantations in narrow spacings were revealed. According to the analysis results, it has been determined that the most suitable clone was 89.M.060 and the planting spacing 4.5 m2/tree.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When it comes to benefiting from forest products and services, wood production, ecological and protection functions of the forest, and recreational functions come to mind in the traditional forestry approach. Wood production is carried out by taking into account the sustainability of forests and silvicultural needs and using ecosystem-based functional forest management plans. Produced goods are mainly classified as timber, paper, industry, firewood, poles and rods. These goods are offered to the market by being put up for sale, mostly in the form of round wood. It is aimed to obtain quality logs in production forests. Interventions are made for this purpose in forest maintenance carried out until the end of the rotation period. Abnormal formations and growth forms outside this purpose are eliminated. Therefore, abnormal growths and some formations, which are common in forests and occur on trees for various reasons, cannot reach the industry in their natural forms. However, today, many furniture and decorative items with high economic value, which are sought in the furniture industry and are located in homes and workplaces with aesthetic designs, can be obtained from trees that show abnormal growth. The aim of this study is to reveal the contribution to the economy and to raise awareness by evaluating the different formations that are often considered as industry, paper and fuel or left as production residues in the field. In the study carried out for this purpose, trees showing abnormal growth within the boundaries of Bursa Regional Directorate of Forestry formed the material of the study. Trees showing growth anomalies in the study areas taken were sampled on the basis of species. In addition, the of woods offered for sale in Bursa and İnegöl Forestry Management Directorates are sampled. The design products produced as a result of the processing of massive wood were investigated and the cost and sales averages were compared. In addition, the situation of the sector was evaluated with the survey studies conducted with such massive woodworking enterprises.
{"title":"Growth Abnormalities and Utilization in Forest Trees","authors":"S. Parlak, Gizem Erdönmez","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1097821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1097821","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to benefiting from forest products and services, wood production, ecological and protection functions of the forest, and recreational functions come to mind in the traditional forestry approach. Wood production is carried out by taking into account the sustainability of forests and silvicultural needs and using ecosystem-based functional forest management plans. Produced goods are mainly classified as timber, paper, industry, firewood, poles and rods. These goods are offered to the market by being put up for sale, mostly in the form of round wood. It is aimed to obtain quality logs in production forests. Interventions are made for this purpose in forest maintenance carried out until the end of the rotation period. Abnormal formations and growth forms outside this purpose are eliminated. Therefore, abnormal growths and some formations, which are common in forests and occur on trees for various reasons, cannot reach the industry in their natural forms. However, today, many furniture and decorative items with high economic value, which are sought in the furniture industry and are located in homes and workplaces with aesthetic designs, can be obtained from trees that show abnormal growth. The aim of this study is to reveal the contribution to the economy and to raise awareness by evaluating the different formations that are often considered as industry, paper and fuel or left as production residues in the field. In the study carried out for this purpose, trees showing abnormal growth within the boundaries of Bursa Regional Directorate of Forestry formed the material of the study. Trees showing growth anomalies in the study areas taken were sampled on the basis of species. In addition, the of woods offered for sale in Bursa and İnegöl Forestry Management Directorates are sampled. The design products produced as a result of the processing of massive wood were investigated and the cost and sales averages were compared. In addition, the situation of the sector was evaluated with the survey studies conducted with such massive woodworking enterprises.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışmada, İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz Bölgelerindeki dört farklı yörede yayılış gösteren saf Anadolu Karaçamı meşcereleri için bölgesel tek ve çift girişli kabuklu ağaç hacim denklemlerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, saf Anadolu Karaçamı meşcerelerinden kesilmiş olan 170 örnek ağaç (toplam verinin %85’i) ağaç hacim denklemlerinin geliştirilmesinde ve 30 örnek ağaç da (toplam verinin %15’i) geliştirilen denklemlerin uygunluklarının kontrolünde kullanılmıştır. Denklem geliştirme aşamasında 4 adet tek girişli ve 16 adet çift girişli ağaç hacim denklemi denenmiş ve bu denklemlerin 6 farklı başarı ölçütüne göre rölatif sıralaması yapılarak en başarılı olan denklemler belirlenmiştir. Buna göre bölgelerdeki karaçam ağaçlarını hacimlendirmede en başarılı olan denklemlerin düzeltilmiş belirtme katsayısı (R_(düz.)^2), hata kareler ortalamasının karekökü (HKOK), ortalama mutlak hata yüzdesi (%OMH) ve toplam hata yüzdesi (%TH) değerleri sırasıyla; tek girişli denklemde 0.951, 0.145, 12.798 ve 0.263 şeklinde, çift girişli denklemde ise 0.976, 0.103, 8.978 ve 6x10-4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca karışık etkili modelleme yaklaşımıyla, elde edilen tek ve çift girişli hacim denklemlerinin katsayıları, verilerin elde edildiği 4 farklı bölge için ayrı ayrı yeniden hesaplanmış ve hacim gelişimindeki bölgesel farklılık ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak da, karaçam için daha önceki yıllarda geliştirilmiş diğer denklemlerin kullanılabilirlikleri de araştırılmış ve bu araştırmada geliştirilen tek ve çift girişli kabuklu ağaç hacim denklemleriyle kıyaslaması yapılmıştır.
在本研究中，针对内阿纳多卢和地中海地区四个不同方向的清洁阿纳多卢-卡拉奇树木，开发区域单入口和双入口外壳，旨在开发区域树木黑客方程。Çalışmanın amacıdoğrultusunda，saf Anadolu Karaçamımeşcerelerinden kesilmişolan 170örnek ağaç。在同一发展水平上，4个个体被确定为单条目和16对集成树黑客方程，这些方程被确定为成功率最高的方程，以产生随机序列。因此，能够最好地测量区域中的树的校正的方程序列（R_（直线）^2）、中值误差平方的平方根（HKOK）、平均绝对误差率（%OMH）和总误差率（%TH）。在单输入方程中，0.951、0.145、12.798和0.263分别计算为0.976、0.103、8.978和6x10-4。此外，针对数据获得的四个不同区域和黑客行为发展的区域差异，分别重新计算了通过接近复杂有效模型获得的单条目和双条目黑客行为方程的范围。最后，研究了多年来为我的牲畜开发的其他方程的使用情况，并将其与本研究中开发的具有树木砍伐方程的单进壳和双进壳进行了比较。
{"title":"Development of Crimean pine volume equations with mixed effects modeling approach","authors":"Abdurrahman Şahi̇n, İlker Ercanli","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.900501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.900501","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada, İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz Bölgelerindeki dört farklı yörede yayılış gösteren saf Anadolu Karaçamı meşcereleri için bölgesel tek ve çift girişli kabuklu ağaç hacim denklemlerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, saf Anadolu Karaçamı meşcerelerinden kesilmiş olan 170 örnek ağaç (toplam verinin %85’i) ağaç hacim denklemlerinin geliştirilmesinde ve 30 örnek ağaç da (toplam verinin %15’i) geliştirilen denklemlerin uygunluklarının kontrolünde kullanılmıştır. Denklem geliştirme aşamasında 4 adet tek girişli ve 16 adet çift girişli ağaç hacim denklemi denenmiş ve bu denklemlerin 6 farklı başarı ölçütüne göre rölatif sıralaması yapılarak en başarılı olan denklemler belirlenmiştir. Buna göre bölgelerdeki karaçam ağaçlarını hacimlendirmede en başarılı olan denklemlerin düzeltilmiş belirtme katsayısı (R_(düz.)^2), hata kareler ortalamasının karekökü (HKOK), ortalama mutlak hata yüzdesi (%OMH) ve toplam hata yüzdesi (%TH) değerleri sırasıyla; tek girişli denklemde 0.951, 0.145, 12.798 ve 0.263 şeklinde, çift girişli denklemde ise 0.976, 0.103, 8.978 ve 6x10-4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca karışık etkili modelleme yaklaşımıyla, elde edilen tek ve çift girişli hacim denklemlerinin katsayıları, verilerin elde edildiği 4 farklı bölge için ayrı ayrı yeniden hesaplanmış ve hacim gelişimindeki bölgesel farklılık ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak da, karaçam için daha önceki yıllarda geliştirilmiş diğer denklemlerin kullanılabilirlikleri de araştırılmış ve bu araştırmada geliştirilen tek ve çift girişli kabuklu ağaç hacim denklemleriyle kıyaslaması yapılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the study, the qualifications of the worker personnel in the staff of 12 Forestry Research Institutes operating in Turkey were investigated. The data are based on the questionnaire forms filled in October-December 2020 by 92 worker personnel in the Forestry Research Institutes. In the questionnaire form, questions such as the staff of the worker personnel, actual job, working environment, age, education, service time, status of receiving courses or training related to the task, certificates or documents, education required of the job, the legislation knowledge related to the job, the status of foreign language, training topics for starting staff were included. 34.6% of the workers work in the open field, 36.5% in the office, 17.3% in the laboratory, 7.7% both in the office and in the open field, and 3.9% in the greenhouse and nursery. The average age of the workers is 46.8, the youngest is 28 and the oldest is 63. 21.7% of the workers graduated primary school, %19.6 in the secondary school, %31.5 high school, %9.8 in the associate degree, %12 in the bachelor's degree, %5.4 in the master's degree and doctor of philosophy. The average service time is 21.5 years. 53.3% of the workers have received a training or course related to their task. 42.4% of the workers have a certificate or training document related to their task. 68.5% of the workers stated that they were not given any additional duties other than their current duties. 46.7% of the workers have known the legislation knowledge related to their task. It is necessary to plan training on 53 different subjects for forestry research institutes for new staff.
{"title":"Qualifications of worker personnel in the forestry research institute","authors":"I. Safak","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1088779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1088779","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, the qualifications of the worker personnel in the staff of 12 Forestry Research Institutes operating in Turkey were investigated. The data are based on the questionnaire forms filled in October-December 2020 by 92 worker personnel in the Forestry Research Institutes. In the questionnaire form, questions such as the staff of the worker personnel, actual job, working environment, age, education, service time, status of receiving courses or training related to the task, certificates or documents, education required of the job, the legislation knowledge related to the job, the status of foreign language, training topics for starting staff were included. 34.6% of the workers work in the open field, 36.5% in the office, 17.3% in the laboratory, 7.7% both in the office and in the open field, and 3.9% in the greenhouse and nursery. The average age of the workers is 46.8, the youngest is 28 and the oldest is 63. 21.7% of the workers graduated primary school, %19.6 in the secondary school, %31.5 high school, %9.8 in the associate degree, %12 in the bachelor's degree, %5.4 in the master's degree and doctor of philosophy. The average service time is 21.5 years. 53.3% of the workers have received a training or course related to their task. 42.4% of the workers have a certificate or training document related to their task. 68.5% of the workers stated that they were not given any additional duties other than their current duties. 46.7% of the workers have known the legislation knowledge related to their task. It is necessary to plan training on 53 different subjects for forestry research institutes for new staff.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49128704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forestry education in Turkey started with the forest school established in Istanbul by Tassy in 1857. This school was merged with the mining school in 1880 and the graduates were given the title of "forest engineer" for the first time. In the period of 1893-1910, forestry education was carried out within the body of the agricultural school. In 1910, it regained its independence under the name of "High Forest School". In 1934, the forest school master was transformed into a faculty within the Higher Institute of Agriculture (YZE) (Ankara). In this process, forest engineers work within the framework of the forestry order established within the framework of the provisions of the 1870 forest regulation. With the regulation, state forests are operated within the framework of the permission given to the private sector with a contract. Forest engineers prepare these contracts. They audit the compliance of the transactions with the contract. They calculate the tithe that the state should receive. They do their duty to protect forests. In other words, they are not directly involved in the operation of forests. In return for their duties, they are called "forest inspectors". In 1937, this management order, which led to the destruction of forests, was changed. From this date on, the forests will be operated by the state. However, forest engineers do not know forest management practices. For this reason, the first established forest enterprises were called "exemplary enterprises". These first forest enterprises, which were established, served as in-service training institutions. The Faculty of Forestry, on the other hand, has changed its education programs to include forest management practices. Forest engineers, on the other hand, started to work with the title of "forest regional chief", which is now called "forest operation chief". In 1948, the Higher Agricultural Institute was closed. Faculty of Forestry is affiliated to Istanbul University. Until 1971, forestry (forest engineering) education was carried out only within Istanbul University. In 1971, a new forestry faculty was established within the body of Karadeniz Technical University. After 1992, 10 more forest faculties of the country were opened. Thus, the number of institutions providing forest engineering education increased to 12.
{"title":"Forest engineering education in Turkey and KTU Faculty of Forestry- Forest Engineering Department","authors":"Cantürk Gümüş","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1088760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1088760","url":null,"abstract":"Forestry education in Turkey started with the forest school established in Istanbul by Tassy in 1857. This school was merged with the mining school in 1880 and the graduates were given the title of \"forest engineer\" for the first time. In the period of 1893-1910, forestry education was carried out within the body of the agricultural school. In 1910, it regained its independence under the name of \"High Forest School\". In 1934, the forest school master was transformed into a faculty within the Higher Institute of Agriculture (YZE) (Ankara). In this process, forest engineers work within the framework of the forestry order established within the framework of the provisions of the 1870 forest regulation. With the regulation, state forests are operated within the framework of the permission given to the private sector with a contract. Forest engineers prepare these contracts. They audit the compliance of the transactions with the contract. They calculate the tithe that the state should receive. They do their duty to protect forests. In other words, they are not directly involved in the operation of forests. In return for their duties, they are called \"forest inspectors\". In 1937, this management order, which led to the destruction of forests, was changed. From this date on, the forests will be operated by the state. However, forest engineers do not know forest management practices. For this reason, the first established forest enterprises were called \"exemplary enterprises\". These first forest enterprises, which were established, served as in-service training institutions. The Faculty of Forestry, on the other hand, has changed its education programs to include forest management practices. Forest engineers, on the other hand, started to work with the title of \"forest regional chief\", which is now called \"forest operation chief\". In 1948, the Higher Agricultural Institute was closed. Faculty of Forestry is affiliated to Istanbul University. Until 1971, forestry (forest engineering) education was carried out only within Istanbul University. In 1971, a new forestry faculty was established within the body of Karadeniz Technical University. After 1992, 10 more forest faculties of the country were opened. Thus, the number of institutions providing forest engineering education increased to 12.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49330588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ormancılıkta üretim aktivitelerinin planlanmasında ve orman yollarının tasarlanmasında, konumsal verilere dayalı karar destek sistemleri bazı ülkelerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda, ormanlık alanların yüksek çözünürlükte ve doğrulukta sayısal yükseklik modellerinin (SYM) üretilmesinde İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) kullanılmaktadır. İHA ile iş yükü azaltılmakta, zaman kazanımı ve daha hassas veriler elde edilmektedir. Orman yolu yaklaşık maliyet ve hakediş cetvellerinin hazırlanmasında iş yükü fazla olmaktadır. Ayrıca yol yapımı bittikten sonra yüklenici firmaya ödenecek ücret hakediş (olur) cetvellerinde bulunan kesin maliyete göre belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı İHA teknolojisi ile hakediş orman yolu kazı ile dolgu hacimleri belirlenmiş ve zemin klasları da incelenmiştir. Seben Orman İşletme Müdür-lüğü sınırları içerisinde yer alan Taşlıyayla Orman İşletme Şefliği 001 kodlu orman yolunun 100 metrelik kısmı çalışa-maya konu edilmiştir. Çalışmaya konu yolun yapımından önce ve sonra İHA (drone) ile uçuşlar otonom olarak gerçek-leşmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, hakediş 384,23 m3 kazı ile 188,30 m3 dolgu hacmi ve 893,84 m2 kazı alanı ile 447,85 m2 dolgu alanı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca alanda toprak ve küskülük zemin klasları tespit edilmiştir.
Ormancılıktaüretim aktivitelerin planlanmasında ve orman yollarının tasarlandmasıanda，konumsal verilere dayalıkarar destek systemtemleri bazıülkelerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır。在过去的几年里，森林已经被用于形成高分辨率和直接数字的高速模型。伊哈·伊勒·伊什·尤克·库阿扎尔特·伊尔马克塔、扎曼·卡赞·伊姆·韦·达哈·哈萨斯·维列尔·埃尔德·埃迪尔梅克提尔。这条森林路太贵了，不适合准备大致昂贵而公平的天花板。此外，在道路结构完工后，根据付款率中的确切成本来确定对装载公司的付款。本工作的目的是利用ISA技术和地面类别来探索正确的森林交通事故。因为森林管理部门被指派与001号石林负责人一起工作，负责100米的森林交通。在施工前的工作道路，然后飞机与IMA都是自动化的。由于这项工作，有效的消化面积为384.23 m3，为188.30 m3，消化面积为893.84 m2，为447.85 m2。此外，还确定了土壤和灰地类别。
{"title":"Determination of forest road cut and fill volumes by using unmanned aerial vehicle: A case study in the Bolu-Taşlıyayla","authors":"Yılmaz Türk, Harun Canyurt, R. Eker, A. Aydın","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1093695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1093695","url":null,"abstract":"Ormancılıkta üretim aktivitelerinin planlanmasında ve orman yollarının tasarlanmasında, konumsal verilere dayalı karar destek sistemleri bazı ülkelerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda, ormanlık alanların yüksek çözünürlükte ve doğrulukta sayısal yükseklik modellerinin (SYM) üretilmesinde İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) kullanılmaktadır. İHA ile iş yükü azaltılmakta, zaman kazanımı ve daha hassas veriler elde edilmektedir. Orman yolu yaklaşık maliyet ve hakediş cetvellerinin hazırlanmasında iş yükü fazla olmaktadır. Ayrıca yol yapımı bittikten sonra yüklenici firmaya ödenecek ücret hakediş (olur) cetvellerinde bulunan kesin maliyete göre belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı İHA teknolojisi ile hakediş orman yolu kazı ile dolgu hacimleri belirlenmiş ve zemin klasları da incelenmiştir. Seben Orman İşletme Müdür-lüğü sınırları içerisinde yer alan Taşlıyayla Orman İşletme Şefliği 001 kodlu orman yolunun 100 metrelik kısmı çalışa-maya konu edilmiştir. Çalışmaya konu yolun yapımından önce ve sonra İHA (drone) ile uçuşlar otonom olarak gerçek-leşmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, hakediş 384,23 m3 kazı ile 188,30 m3 dolgu hacmi ve 893,84 m2 kazı alanı ile 447,85 m2 dolgu alanı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca alanda toprak ve küskülük zemin klasları tespit edilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48973817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fourth university of Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University, was founded in 1955 in Trabzon. One of the first four faculties is the Faculty of Forestry. It is the second forestry of faculty of Turkey. It started education in 1971 with the support of the faculty of forestry Istanbul University, which is the first forestry of faculty in Turkey. 35 students were registered in the Department of General Forest Engineering and 15 students inthe Department of Forest Products Industry Engineering. These departments were renamed in 1974. They took the name of Forest Engineering and Forest Industry Engineering department. These departments gave their first graduates in 1975. The Landscape Architecture Department started education in 1990, and The Wildlife Ecology and Management Department in 2012. The number of forest faculties in Turkey is still 12.
{"title":"The etablishment of the second faculty of forestry at Karadeniz technical university in Turkey and the process of starting education","authors":"S. Köse","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1096417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1096417","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth university of Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University, was founded in 1955 in Trabzon. One of the first four faculties is the Faculty of Forestry. It is the second forestry of faculty of Turkey. It started education in 1971 with the support of the faculty of forestry Istanbul University, which is the first forestry of faculty in Turkey. 35 students were registered in the Department of General Forest Engineering and 15 students inthe Department of Forest Products Industry Engineering. These departments were renamed in 1974. They took the name of Forest Engineering and Forest Industry Engineering department. These departments gave their first graduates in 1975. The Landscape Architecture Department started education in 1990, and The Wildlife Ecology and Management Department in 2012. The number of forest faculties in Turkey is still 12.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for green areas in today's cities is increasing day by day due to the construction and increasing population. In particular, meeting the recreational needs of the citizens and the desire to be intertwined with natural areas include the urban forests, recreation areas and nature parks in and around the city as the most popular natural areas. Among these areas, nature parks are areas that provide the protection of natural areas and allow the citizens to benefit from these parks in different ways such as resting, watching, reading, picnicking, taking pictures, and doing sports. Natural beauties, recreational diversity and the services offered are very effective parameters in the usage preferences of nature parks. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate user satisfaction in Sera Lake Nature Park located in Yıldızlı town of Akçaabat district of Trabzon province. The plant texture and natural landscape beauty of the lake, which was formed as a result of the landslide that occurred in 1950, offers very effective landscapes. In this context, a survey study was conducted with a user group of 100 people in line with the literature review and field observations according to the study area and purpose, and the results were evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that the users are satisfied with the sense coming from the Sera Lake Nature Park. In addition, it has been determined that they can only visually benefit from the lake in the area, and the desire to build walking paths and viewing terraces in the green texture of the area outside the coast has come to the fore.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sera lake nature park in terms of user satisfaction","authors":"Nilgün Güneroğlu, Sabriye Pektaş","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1091159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1091159","url":null,"abstract":"The need for green areas in today's cities is increasing day by day due to the construction and increasing population. In particular, meeting the recreational needs of the citizens and the desire to be intertwined with natural areas include the urban forests, recreation areas and nature parks in and around the city as the most popular natural areas. Among these areas, nature parks are areas that provide the protection of natural areas and allow the citizens to benefit from these parks in different ways such as resting, watching, reading, picnicking, taking pictures, and doing sports. Natural beauties, recreational diversity and the services offered are very effective parameters in the usage preferences of nature parks. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate user satisfaction in Sera Lake Nature Park located in Yıldızlı town of Akçaabat district of Trabzon province. The plant texture and natural landscape beauty of the lake, which was formed as a result of the landslide that occurred in 1950, offers very effective landscapes. In this context, a survey study was conducted with a user group of 100 people in line with the literature review and field observations according to the study area and purpose, and the results were evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that the users are satisfied with the sense coming from the Sera Lake Nature Park. In addition, it has been determined that they can only visually benefit from the lake in the area, and the desire to build walking paths and viewing terraces in the green texture of the area outside the coast has come to the fore.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective in the understanding of sustainable rural development is to combat poverty by increasing the capacity of the region and the employment of rural labor force. Thus, it is aimed that the people of the region have sufficient income by improving their quality of life, and their commitment to the countryside by increasing their welfare level. The district of Mut is among the places where the rural living is low due to physical and non-physical problems. Although Mut has hosted many agricultural, infrastructural, educational and sanitary investments in recent years, the population of the district has decreased by 4.65% since 2007. One of the most important reasons for this decrease is that the district does not have features of being an attraction center. In this study, it is aimed to conduct a thematic tourism region model research in Mut in order to prevent migration by increasing rural promotion and to make the district, a center of attraction in terms of tourism for attracting new visitors. As a result of this research, two thematic route suggestions were revealed. The first; establishing a new route themed as the Cyprus Road, since it was the transit route of the people had sent to the island of Cyprus for the purpose of Turkification, which was conquered by Selim II., the second, creating a new model as the theme of the History Road, since there are many historical ruins in Mut, where many states, starting from the periods of Ancient Anatolian civilizations, including the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empires have ruled. Activating rural tourism opportunities, which have an important function in the protection and promotion of our natural and cultural heritage, may provide rural promotion by improving employment opportunities in the region, then, it may contribute to the increase of domestic, in the district of Mut, and foreign tourism revenues of Turkey as a country.
{"title":"Rural promotion model research in the context of sustainable rural development: The case of Mut","authors":"Hüseyin Çalışkan, S. Özden","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1089165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1089165","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective in the understanding of sustainable rural development is to combat poverty by increasing the capacity of the region and the employment of rural labor force. Thus, it is aimed that the people of the region have sufficient income by improving their quality of life, and their commitment to the countryside by increasing their welfare level. The district of Mut is among the places where the rural living is low due to physical and non-physical problems. Although Mut has hosted many agricultural, infrastructural, educational and sanitary investments in recent years, the population of the district has decreased by 4.65% since 2007. One of the most important reasons for this decrease is that the district does not have features of being an attraction center. In this study, it is aimed to conduct a thematic tourism region model research in Mut in order to prevent migration by increasing rural promotion and to make the district, a center of attraction in terms of tourism for attracting new visitors. As a result of this research, two thematic route suggestions were revealed. The first; establishing a new route themed as the Cyprus Road, since it was the transit route of the people had sent to the island of Cyprus for the purpose of Turkification, which was conquered by Selim II., the second, creating a new model as the theme of the History Road, since there are many historical ruins in Mut, where many states, starting from the periods of Ancient Anatolian civilizations, including the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empires have ruled. Activating rural tourism opportunities, which have an important function in the protection and promotion of our natural and cultural heritage, may provide rural promotion by improving employment opportunities in the region, then, it may contribute to the increase of domestic, in the district of Mut, and foreign tourism revenues of Turkey as a country.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48951821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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