S. Demirel, Onur Gençali̇oğlu, M. Aslan, Hüseyin Kirci
Bu çalışmada, bambu liflerinden üretilen ahşap-plastik kompozit malzemenin bazı mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. LDPE malzeme ile bambu liflerinin %5 ve %10 oranlarında karıştırılmasıyla ahşap plastik kompozit malzemeler üretilmiştir. Üretilen ahşap-kompozit örnekler çekme mukavemeti ve eğilme mukavemeti testlerine tabi tutulmuş ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bambu oranı %5’ten %10’a yükseldikçe çekme mukavemeti % 6 oranında azaldığı göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bambu oranının %5’ten %10’a yükseltilmesi, her bir test grubunun ortalama eğilme mukavemetini % 44,75 oranında artırmıştır.
{"title":"Bambu ve LDPE’den üretilmiş kompozit malzemelerin bazı mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi","authors":"S. Demirel, Onur Gençali̇oğlu, M. Aslan, Hüseyin Kirci","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1093439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1093439","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada, bambu liflerinden üretilen ahşap-plastik kompozit malzemenin bazı mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. LDPE malzeme ile bambu liflerinin %5 ve %10 oranlarında karıştırılmasıyla ahşap plastik kompozit malzemeler üretilmiştir. Üretilen ahşap-kompozit örnekler çekme mukavemeti ve eğilme mukavemeti testlerine tabi tutulmuş ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bambu oranı %5’ten %10’a yükseldikçe çekme mukavemeti % 6 oranında azaldığı göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bambu oranının %5’ten %10’a yükseltilmesi, her bir test grubunun ortalama eğilme mukavemetini % 44,75 oranında artırmıştır.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İ. H. Başboğa, İ. Kiliç, Ilkay Atar, F. Mengeloglu
Many tropical tree species are used in the production of furniture, exterior coatings and garden furniture in our country. Dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum) timber, considered a tropical tree species, is used extensively as flooring in the interior of vehicles and containers, as wooden flooring on truck floors, as flooring on industrial or heavily used floors, as flooring on docks and piers, in interior staircase construction, and in the construction of furniture components. In this study, the effects of the usage of waste Dahoma wood flour from the profiling machine as a filler in the production of Polypropylene (PP) based wood plastic composites on the mechanical and morphological properties of composite materials were investigated. Waste wood flour was used as received from the plant and in four different ratios (0%, 15%, 30% and 45%). Dimensional analysis of waste wood flours was carried out. Maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) (3%) was used as a coupling agent and Paraffin Wax (3%) was used as the lubricant. In the light of the results, although slight fluctuations were observed in the tensile and impact strength values with the addition of wood flour, improvements were determined in the mechanical values in general. Tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were improved with the increase of wood flour loading ratio. A sharp decrease was observed in the elongation at break values. When the morphological properties were examined, it was observed that the wood flours were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix, the polymer matrix wrapped firmly around the RPF fibres and it shows that the interface interaction is nevertheless robust even after the fracture of samples. As a result, it was concluded that waste Dahoma wood flours might be evaluated in the production of wood-plastic composites.
{"title":"The usage of wood of Dahoma (Piptadeniastrum Africanum), a tropic tree, in the production of wood plastic composite","authors":"İ. H. Başboğa, İ. Kiliç, Ilkay Atar, F. Mengeloglu","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1091247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1091247","url":null,"abstract":"Many tropical tree species are used in the production of furniture, exterior coatings and garden furniture in our country. Dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum) timber, considered a tropical tree species, is used extensively as flooring in the interior of vehicles and containers, as wooden flooring on truck floors, as flooring on industrial or heavily used floors, as flooring on docks and piers, in interior staircase construction, and in the construction of furniture components. In this study, the effects of the usage of waste Dahoma wood flour from the profiling machine as a filler in the production of Polypropylene (PP) based wood plastic composites on the mechanical and morphological properties of composite materials were investigated. Waste wood flour was used as received from the plant and in four different ratios (0%, 15%, 30% and 45%). Dimensional analysis of waste wood flours was carried out. Maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) (3%) was used as a coupling agent and Paraffin Wax (3%) was used as the lubricant. In the light of the results, although slight fluctuations were observed in the tensile and impact strength values with the addition of wood flour, improvements were determined in the mechanical values in general. Tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were improved with the increase of wood flour loading ratio. A sharp decrease was observed in the elongation at break values. When the morphological properties were examined, it was observed that the wood flours were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix, the polymer matrix wrapped firmly around the RPF fibres and it shows that the interface interaction is nevertheless robust even after the fracture of samples. As a result, it was concluded that waste Dahoma wood flours might be evaluated in the production of wood-plastic composites.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal is to cause the least damage to the environment while using natural resources for developed countries. This has led to the emergence of international environmental protection programs and specific certification programs for wood production. In the last decade, the protection of the sustainable lives of endangered plants and other living organisms in the world has been committed through protection programs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of forest management certificate (FMC) on wood raw material harvesting activities before and after certification. Bolu Forestry Management Directorate, which was chosen as the study area, the studies for obtaining FMC started in 2013, and it was entitled to receive FMC in the middle of 2014. In the study, data were obtained by using face-to-face interview method and survey technique on a voluntary basis with technical staff (29 people) and forestry production workers (21 people). The questionnaire forms are on a 5-point Likert scale and aim to reveal the basic information of the participants and the general and production-related views of the technical personnel and forestry workers within the scope of FMC. According to the results of the survey, it has been revealed that the results of the first aid, basic occupational health and safety training given to the production workers within the scope of FMC are positively perceived and the issue is given importance by the workers. It has been determined that the personal protective equipment provided to production workers reduces the severity of injuries in occupational accidents during cutting and other production activities in forest areas. While a certain group was aware of the works carried out in the forest before the FMC, it was determined that the works carried out after the FMC, protected areas, high-value forest maps, forestry activities were shared with the world through national channels. In the planned studies, it is stated that the opinions of the stakeholders are asked and respect for the forest villagers is increased. In addition, it has been determined that the trainings are not only for the protection of nature, but also to inform the employees in the production.
{"title":"The investigation of the effects of forest certification on wood raw material harvesting activities (Case study of Bolu State Forest Enterprise)","authors":"Yılmaz Türk, Erhan Şengöç, Y. Gültekin, K. Enez","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1092274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1092274","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal is to cause the least damage to the environment while using natural resources for developed countries. This has led to the emergence of international environmental protection programs and specific certification programs for wood production. In the last decade, the protection of the sustainable lives of endangered plants and other living organisms in the world has been committed through protection programs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of forest management certificate (FMC) on wood raw material harvesting activities before and after certification. Bolu Forestry Management Directorate, which was chosen as the study area, the studies for obtaining FMC started in 2013, and it was entitled to receive FMC in the middle of 2014. In the study, data were obtained by using face-to-face interview method and survey technique on a voluntary basis with technical staff (29 people) and forestry production workers (21 people). The questionnaire forms are on a 5-point Likert scale and aim to reveal the basic information of the participants and the general and production-related views of the technical personnel and forestry workers within the scope of FMC. According to the results of the survey, it has been revealed that the results of the first aid, basic occupational health and safety training given to the production workers within the scope of FMC are positively perceived and the issue is given importance by the workers. It has been determined that the personal protective equipment provided to production workers reduces the severity of injuries in occupational accidents during cutting and other production activities in forest areas. While a certain group was aware of the works carried out in the forest before the FMC, it was determined that the works carried out after the FMC, protected areas, high-value forest maps, forestry activities were shared with the world through national channels. In the planned studies, it is stated that the opinions of the stakeholders are asked and respect for the forest villagers is increased. In addition, it has been determined that the trainings are not only for the protection of nature, but also to inform the employees in the production.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doğan Canbolat, Meryem Ondaral, Kemal Çakar, Ebru Hezer, Şamil Ercan Özcan, Sedat Ondaral
In this study, the decreasing usage rate of virgin cellulose was investigated by using modified calcium carbonate fillers. The compatibility of filler particle to fibres was increased with modification of filler with starch/stearic acid mixture. Due to the hydroxyl and quaternary amin groups of starch, the interaction between filler particles and fibers and other chemical used in papermaking became more easy. Thus, the loses due to the filler interface between fibre-fibre contact point was prevented via additional bonding potential of starch. Filler retention, ionic properties, size, and its effect on paper tensile strength were investigated. The retention value of filler particle increased after modification and this value increased further with addition of retention chemical. Moreover, the tensile strength properties of papers were enhanced after use of modified filler to paper.
{"title":"Increasing the interaction of Calcium Carbonate with Cellulosic Fibers","authors":"Doğan Canbolat, Meryem Ondaral, Kemal Çakar, Ebru Hezer, Şamil Ercan Özcan, Sedat Ondaral","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1096663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1096663","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the decreasing usage rate of virgin cellulose was investigated by using modified calcium carbonate fillers. The compatibility of filler particle to fibres was increased with modification of filler with starch/stearic acid mixture. Due to the hydroxyl and quaternary amin groups of starch, the interaction between filler particles and fibers and other chemical used in papermaking became more easy. Thus, the loses due to the filler interface between fibre-fibre contact point was prevented via additional bonding potential of starch. Filler retention, ionic properties, size, and its effect on paper tensile strength were investigated. The retention value of filler particle increased after modification and this value increased further with addition of retention chemical. Moreover, the tensile strength properties of papers were enhanced after use of modified filler to paper.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to decreasing forest resources and increasing environmental problems, alternative cellulose sources have been researched, studies are being carried out on the use of non-woody or recycled fiber sources in paper production. The production and consumption amounts of paper and paper products produced from waste paper and their variety increase every year. As an alternative source of cellulose, bacterial cellulose (BS), produced by biosynthesis from various microorganisms, is very interesting due to its superior properties. In this study, the effects of BS additive as a reinforcement to the recycled waste newspaper and the borax pentahydrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O), applied to retard the burning property of the paper, on the thermal and optical properties of the produced papers were investigated. The immersed method was chosen for the borax application and the addition of borax during production was also studied in order to make comparison. In order to determine the burning characteristics and kinetics of the papers, their thermal properties were determined. Brightness, yellowness and color values (L*, a*, b*) were determined for optical properties. When the TGA data were evaluated, it was determined that the inflection point temperature decreased from 377.53°C to 335.55°C as a result of borax application with immersion method and it increased slightly to 379.53°C with only BS additive. It was determined that the inflection point temperature of BS reinforced papers decreased to 334.24°C as a result of borax application with immersion method and it gave the highest residual amount at 590°C with a rate of 44.03% compared to other samples. As a result, the thermal resistance of BS reinforced papers with borax application with immersed method is better than the other samples. BS and borax reduce the formation of calories during the burning of the paper, thus this ends the burning quickly. In terms of optical properties, it was found that BS reinforcement and borax application reduce the brightness value and increase the yellowness of the paper.
{"title":"Investigation of thermal and optical properties of waste newspaper with bacterial cellulose and borax additives","authors":"Evren ERSOY KALYONCU, Emrah Peşman","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1092226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1092226","url":null,"abstract":"Due to decreasing forest resources and increasing environmental problems, alternative cellulose sources have been researched, studies are being carried out on the use of non-woody or recycled fiber sources in paper production. The production and consumption amounts of paper and paper products produced from waste paper and their variety increase every year. As an alternative source of cellulose, bacterial cellulose (BS), produced by biosynthesis from various microorganisms, is very interesting due to its superior properties. In this study, the effects of BS additive as a reinforcement to the recycled waste newspaper and the borax pentahydrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O), applied to retard the burning property of the paper, on the thermal and optical properties of the produced papers were investigated. The immersed method was chosen for the borax application and the addition of borax during production was also studied in order to make comparison. In order to determine the burning characteristics and kinetics of the papers, their thermal properties were determined. Brightness, yellowness and color values (L*, a*, b*) were determined for optical properties. When the TGA data were evaluated, it was determined that the inflection point temperature decreased from 377.53°C to 335.55°C as a result of borax application with immersion method and it increased slightly to 379.53°C with only BS additive. It was determined that the inflection point temperature of BS reinforced papers decreased to 334.24°C as a result of borax application with immersion method and it gave the highest residual amount at 590°C with a rate of 44.03% compared to other samples. As a result, the thermal resistance of BS reinforced papers with borax application with immersed method is better than the other samples. BS and borax reduce the formation of calories during the burning of the paper, thus this ends the burning quickly. In terms of optical properties, it was found that BS reinforcement and borax application reduce the brightness value and increase the yellowness of the paper.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47235430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to build resistance against liquids, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is mostly employed in paper industry because it modified some properties of the paper such as wet strength and printability. AKD gets into a reaction with wood hydroxyl groups and the subsequent orientation of hydrocarbon chains effectively contributes to esterification. Thus, the dimensional stability of wood is improved with AKD addition. Additionally, boron compounds are quite useful in wood protection as environmentally friendly chemicals and they are effective as insecticides and fungicides. On the other hand, they have negative sides such as higher water solubility and leaching. These can be prevented by combining boron compounds with AKD. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were impregnated with AKD (5%, 10%, 18%) and boric acid (3% BA) combinations. AWPA E4 standards were used for water absorption and dimensional stability test, and TS 2471 standards were used for compression strength parallel to the grain of the wood. The results indicated that AKD/BA combination had lower water absorption. In the mechanical test, the mechanical properties of the samples improved somewhat with the synergistic effect of AKD and BA.
{"title":"Water absorption and mechanical properties of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples treated with alkyl ketene dimer / boric acid combinations","authors":"Gaye Köse Demirel, A. Temiz","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1094444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1094444","url":null,"abstract":"In order to build resistance against liquids, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is mostly employed in paper industry because it modified some properties of the paper such as wet strength and printability. AKD gets into a reaction with wood hydroxyl groups and the subsequent orientation of hydrocarbon chains effectively contributes to esterification. Thus, the dimensional stability of wood is improved with AKD addition. Additionally, boron compounds are quite useful in wood protection as environmentally friendly chemicals and they are effective as insecticides and fungicides. On the other hand, they have negative sides such as higher water solubility and leaching. These can be prevented by combining boron compounds with AKD. \u0000In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were impregnated with AKD (5%, 10%, 18%) and boric acid (3% BA) combinations. AWPA E4 standards were used for water absorption and dimensional stability test, and TS 2471 standards were used for compression strength parallel to the grain of the wood. The results indicated that AKD/BA combination had lower water absorption. In the mechanical test, the mechanical properties of the samples improved somewhat with the synergistic effect of AKD and BA.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47374618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various heat treatment methods are available today. In this study, accelerated weathering test performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood after heat treatment under oxygen (open system) and vacuum (closed system) was investigated. Samples were prepared from pine sapwood part with dimensions of 75 (Radial) × 15 (Tangent) × 150 (Fibers) mm. After the accelerated weathering test, the surface roughness and color measurement of the samples were carried out. According to the results obtained, the minimum color change was obtained after heat treatment performed in a closed system (VHT) at 190 °C. The surface roughness parameters of poplar samples that were heat treated in the closed system increased with the increase in the heat treatment temperature. In the heat treatment performed in the closed system, lower roughness values were obtained compared to the heat treatment performed in the open system (HT). In parallel with the increase in the accelerated weathering time, the total color change and roughness values increased.
{"title":"Investigation of color and roughness properties of heat-treated pine wood after accelerating weathering","authors":"A. Can","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1088739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1088739","url":null,"abstract":"Various heat treatment methods are available today. In this study, accelerated weathering test performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood after heat treatment under oxygen (open system) and vacuum (closed system) was investigated. Samples were prepared from pine sapwood part with dimensions of 75 (Radial) × 15 (Tangent) × 150 (Fibers) mm. After the accelerated weathering test, the surface roughness and color measurement of the samples were carried out. According to the results obtained, the minimum color change was obtained after heat treatment performed in a closed system (VHT) at 190 °C. The surface roughness parameters of poplar samples that were heat treated in the closed system increased with the increase in the heat treatment temperature. In the heat treatment performed in the closed system, lower roughness values were obtained compared to the heat treatment performed in the open system (HT). In parallel with the increase in the accelerated weathering time, the total color change and roughness values increased.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Higrotermal yaşlandırma ile ahşap ve ahşap esaslı malzemelerin uzun süreli kullanım performansının belirlenebilmesi mümkündür. Bu çalışmada higrotermal yaşlandırmanın, MDF ve sunta levhalarda renk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve vida çekme direnci üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 50×50 mm boyutlarında hazırlanan test örnekleri, 2 hafta boyunca 65±5% bağıl nem ve 20±2 °C sıcaklıkta klimatize edilmiştir. Higrotermal yaşlandırma için numuneler saf su ile doldurulmuş 20 °C sıcaklıktaki su banyosunda 30 gün boyunca bekletilmiştir. Numunelerin renk ölçümleri ASTM-D 2244-2 standardına göre Konica Minolta marka spektrofotometre kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü testleri ISO 4287 standardına göre Tokyo Seimitsu Accretech Handysurf E-35 B iğne taramalı portatif yüzey ölçüm cihazı ile yapılmıştır. Vida çekme direnci testleri TS EN 13446 standardına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre higrotermal yaşlandırmanın vida çekme direncini düşürücü bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Higrotermal yaşlandırma ile birlikte test örneklerinin kontrol örneklerine göre toplam renk değişimlerinin arttığı, anlaşılmıştır. Higrotermal yaşlandırma testine tabi tutulmuş MDF ve sunta levhaların kontrol örneklerine göre daha düşük vida çekme direncine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
通过水热老化可以确定木材和木质材料的长期使用性能。在本研究中，研究了水力老化、MDF和阳光杠杆对颜色、表面波动和视频电阻的影响。为此，将尺寸为50×50 mm的测试样品在65±5%的结合氮和20±2°C下气候2周。样品用纯水储存在20°C的水浴中进行水热老化30天。Numunelerin renkölçümleri ASTM-D 2244-2标准ına göre Konica Minolta marka specktrofotometre kullanılarak gerçekleştirimiştir。根据ISO4287的表面频率测试是用便携式表面测量设备进行的，该设备由东京精工认证Handysurf E-35B针扫描。根据TS EN 13446标准进行录像带电阻测试。测试结果表明，液压老化已被确定为视频电阻的降低。例如，在具有水热老化的测试实例中，已经观察到总体颜色变化。当然，湿热老化测试已经被确定具有较低的视觉抗性，例如MDF和防晒霜的对照图案。
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of hygrothermal aging on some physical and mechanical properties of MDF and particleboard","authors":"Emre Birinci","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1088764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1088764","url":null,"abstract":"Higrotermal yaşlandırma ile ahşap ve ahşap esaslı malzemelerin uzun süreli kullanım performansının belirlenebilmesi mümkündür. Bu çalışmada higrotermal yaşlandırmanın, MDF ve sunta levhalarda renk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve vida çekme direnci üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 50×50 mm boyutlarında hazırlanan test örnekleri, 2 hafta boyunca 65±5% bağıl nem ve 20±2 °C sıcaklıkta klimatize edilmiştir. Higrotermal yaşlandırma için numuneler saf su ile doldurulmuş 20 °C sıcaklıktaki su banyosunda 30 gün boyunca bekletilmiştir. Numunelerin renk ölçümleri ASTM-D 2244-2 standardına göre Konica Minolta marka spektrofotometre kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü testleri ISO 4287 standardına göre Tokyo Seimitsu Accretech Handysurf E-35 B iğne taramalı portatif yüzey ölçüm cihazı ile yapılmıştır. Vida çekme direnci testleri TS EN 13446 standardına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre higrotermal yaşlandırmanın vida çekme direncini düşürücü bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Higrotermal yaşlandırma ile birlikte test örneklerinin kontrol örneklerine göre toplam renk değişimlerinin arttığı, anlaşılmıştır. Higrotermal yaşlandırma testine tabi tutulmuş MDF ve sunta levhaların kontrol örneklerine göre daha düşük vida çekme direncine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67632470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wooden products come into our lives more and more day by day, but they also bring some question marks about whether the wooden surfaces that are in contact with are hygienically safe. Two different anti-bacterial properties of wood material, passive and active, can be mentioned. The passive antibacterial property is due to the inherent porosity and hygroscopicity of the wood. However, the active anti-bacterial property of wood is related to the extractive substances in the wood. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties of woods treated with laurel (Laurus nobilis) and thyme (Origanum onites) extracts for use in hygienically sensitive areas by direct diffusion method. Ten different bacterial strains were used to perform the experiments. The wooden discs used in the experiments were sterilized by autoclave after they were prepared from poplar (Populus tremula) wood with low active anti-bacterial properties. Bacterial strains prepared with 0.5 McFarland concentration were inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar Petri dishes by swabbing method. The wood discs were then placed directly on the inoculated agar surface. After 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C, the zone of inhibition on the agar around the discs was measured in mm. As a result, it was determined that thyme extracts applied to poplar wood reduced bacterial growth. Thus, it has been determined that the use of wood species with low antibacterial properties by treating them with thyme extracts will give positive results in hygienically sensitive areas.
{"title":"Increasing the active anti-bacterial properties of wood material with laurel and thyme extracts","authors":"O. E. Özkan","doi":"10.17568/ogmoad.1089123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1089123","url":null,"abstract":"Wooden products come into our lives more and more day by day, but they also bring some question marks about whether the wooden surfaces that are in contact with are hygienically safe. Two different anti-bacterial properties of wood material, passive and active, can be mentioned. The passive antibacterial property is due to the inherent porosity and hygroscopicity of the wood. However, the active anti-bacterial property of wood is related to the extractive substances in the wood. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties of woods treated with laurel (Laurus nobilis) and thyme (Origanum onites) extracts for use in hygienically sensitive areas by direct diffusion method. Ten different bacterial strains were used to perform the experiments. The wooden discs used in the experiments were sterilized by autoclave after they were prepared from poplar (Populus tremula) wood with low active anti-bacterial properties. Bacterial strains prepared with 0.5 McFarland concentration were inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar Petri dishes by swabbing method. The wood discs were then placed directly on the inoculated agar surface. After 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C, the zone of inhibition on the agar around the discs was measured in mm. As a result, it was determined that thyme extracts applied to poplar wood reduced bacterial growth. Thus, it has been determined that the use of wood species with low antibacterial properties by treating them with thyme extracts will give positive results in hygienically sensitive areas.","PeriodicalId":32505,"journal":{"name":"Ormancilik Arastirma Dergisi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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