Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.08
Paweł Kozłowski
Brak abstraktu dla tego artykułu.
本文无摘要。
{"title":"Idan Sherer, The Scramble for Italy. Continuity and Change in the Italian Wars 1494-1559","authors":"Paweł Kozłowski","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Brak abstraktu dla tego artykułu.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.06
Agnieszka Hajduś
Brak abstraktu dla tego artykułu.
本文无摘要。
{"title":"Barry Coward, Peter Gaunt, Stuartowie. Anglia 1603-1714, przeł. Magdalena Loska","authors":"Agnieszka Hajduś","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Brak abstraktu dla tego artykułu.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.03
Stefan Halikowski-Smith
No abstract is avaliable for this article.
本文无摘要。
{"title":"Discovering the Fourth Katyń Cemetery at Bykownia","authors":"Stefan Halikowski-Smith","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract is avaliable for this article.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.02
Jerzy Gaul
UNDER THE FALSE BANNER OF “OUR CIVILIZATION” IN DEFENSE OF THE WEST: SUCCESSFUL MYSTIFICATION OF ADOLF HITLER, FALSE HOPES OF PIŁSUDSKI’S SUPPORTERS (1933-1935)For Adolf Hitler, the most important goal was to build the power of the Third Reich and expand the armed forces necessary to implement his plans to fight communism, solve the Jewish question and gain living space in the East. The peace on the eastern border sought by Hitler could be the basis for an agreement with Józef Piłsudski, who sought to normalize relations with his western neighbor due to the danger from Soviet Russia. For Poland, aspiring to the role of defender of Western civilization and a bulwark against Russia and Eastern influences, it was necessary to stick to the values of the West, even though the Second Polish Republic, heading towards authoritarianism, deteriorated its relations with Western countries. After gaining power, Adolf Hitler began building a totalitarian state, consistently destroying the achievements of Western civilization in Germany. Aware of Poland’s desire to play the role of a bastion of Western civilization in the East, he used camouflage, falsely presenting himself as its defender, and called for a joint defense of the West against communism and Asian civilization. Hitler’s maneuver was facilitated by the fact that J. Beck and other Piłsudski supporters, unlike Piłsudski, used interests rather than values in international politics. Poland lost in the confrontation with Hitler because, contrary to its efforts and hopes for a policy of neutrality towards totalitarian states with an openly anti-Western and anti-civilization face, it did not gain the loyalty of its allies or the gratitude of its enemies.
{"title":"Pod fałszywym sztandarem „naszej cywilizacji” w obronie Zachodu","authors":"Jerzy Gaul","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"UNDER THE FALSE BANNER OF “OUR CIVILIZATION” IN DEFENSE OF THE WEST: SUCCESSFUL MYSTIFICATION OF ADOLF HITLER, FALSE HOPES OF PIŁSUDSKI’S SUPPORTERS (1933-1935)For Adolf Hitler, the most important goal was to build the power of the Third Reich and expand the armed forces necessary to implement his plans to fight communism, solve the Jewish question and gain living space in the East. The peace on the eastern border sought by Hitler could be the basis for an agreement with Józef Piłsudski, who sought to normalize relations with his western neighbor due to the danger from Soviet Russia. For Poland, aspiring to the role of defender of Western civilization and a bulwark against Russia and Eastern influences, it was necessary to stick to the values of the West, even though the Second Polish Republic, heading towards authoritarianism, deteriorated its relations with Western countries. After gaining power, Adolf Hitler began building a totalitarian state, consistently destroying the achievements of Western civilization in Germany. Aware of Poland’s desire to play the role of a bastion of Western civilization in the East, he used camouflage, falsely presenting himself as its defender, and called for a joint defense of the West against communism and Asian civilization. Hitler’s maneuver was facilitated by the fact that J. Beck and other Piłsudski supporters, unlike Piłsudski, used interests rather than values in international politics. Poland lost in the confrontation with Hitler because, contrary to its efforts and hopes for a policy of neutrality towards totalitarian states with an openly anti-Western and anti-civilization face, it did not gain the loyalty of its allies or the gratitude of its enemies.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.01
Grzegorz Kietliński
THE EPILOGUE OF JAN ANDRZEJ MORSZTYN’S CASE IN 1683This article is devoted to the epilogue of diplomatic endeavours of Jan Andrzej Morsztyn in 1683. In that year, the Polish-Lithuanian monarch, Jan III. Sobieski, preparing military campaign to save Vienna from Turks, aimed to change state foreign policy. This change was to involve breaking relations with France and establishing an alliance with Austria. In the king’s opinion, there was a serious opponent to this change – a long-time leaver of the French faction and the Great Crown Treasurer (podskarbi) Jan Andrzej Morsztyn. The monarch decided to eliminate the faction through a plot aimed at bringing Morsztyn to the parliamentary court. In response to the attempts of the king, Morsztyn intensified his political activity, in particular, international contacts in the years 1681-1683. This activity delayed the monarch’s accusation, yet in 1683 Morsztyn was accused of mismanagement of finances and betrayal of the country seeking to dethronize Jan Sobieski. In effect, he was forced to leave Poland and spent the last 10 years of his life in France.
{"title":"Epilog sprawy Jana Andrzeja Morsztyna w 1683 roku","authors":"Grzegorz Kietliński","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"THE EPILOGUE OF JAN ANDRZEJ MORSZTYN’S CASE IN 1683This article is devoted to the epilogue of diplomatic endeavours of Jan Andrzej Morsztyn in 1683. In that year, the Polish-Lithuanian monarch, Jan III. Sobieski, preparing military campaign to save Vienna from Turks, aimed to change state foreign policy. This change was to involve breaking relations with France and establishing an alliance with Austria. In the king’s opinion, there was a serious opponent to this change – a long-time leaver of the French faction and the Great Crown Treasurer (podskarbi) Jan Andrzej Morsztyn. The monarch decided to eliminate the faction through a plot aimed at bringing Morsztyn to the parliamentary court. In response to the attempts of the king, Morsztyn intensified his political activity, in particular, international contacts in the years 1681-1683. This activity delayed the monarch’s accusation, yet in 1683 Morsztyn was accused of mismanagement of finances and betrayal of the country seeking to dethronize Jan Sobieski. In effect, he was forced to leave Poland and spent the last 10 years of his life in France.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.04
Jacek Chrobaczyński
Brak abstarktu dla tego artykułu.
本文无弃权。
{"title":"Kilka aktualnych uwag o totalitaryzmie na kanwie rozważań Jasona Stanleya","authors":"Jacek Chrobaczyński","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Brak abstarktu dla tego artykułu.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.05
Anna I. Kosmowska
Brak abstraktu dla tego artykułu.
本文无摘要。
{"title":"Henrik O. Lunde, Dynastia wojowników. Wojny Szwecji 1611-1721","authors":"Anna I. Kosmowska","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Brak abstraktu dla tego artykułu.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.01.01
Rafał Hryszko
“ON SUGAR ART”; OR, WHY DID FIFTEENTH CENTURY ITALIAN PHARMACISTS MAKE CANDY? This article looks at the production of candy by late mediaeval Italian pharmacists. The author discusses the roots of candy production and shows its development was connected to the use of medical products based on honey, sugar, spices and fruits. For many centuries such products were treated as medicines and only at the end of the Middle Ages did people start to perceive them as candy. Pharmacists from Italian nations, known as speziari, were central to the process. They had access to a range of spices imported from the Orient, know-how and experience inherited from their ancestors and their own acquired skills. In effect, they started producing candy on the base of existing, sweet medical products. The richest and most helpful source for the study of the candy production is De artificium zuchari, the thirteenth chapter of Lumen apothecariorum, a work by the fifteenth-century Piedmont physicist and pharmacist, Quirico de Augustis.
{"title":"„O sztuce cukrowej”, czyli dlaczego piętnastowieczni aptekarze włoscy wytwarzali słodycze?","authors":"Rafał Hryszko","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"“ON SUGAR ART”; OR, WHY DID FIFTEENTH CENTURY ITALIAN PHARMACISTS MAKE CANDY? \u0000This article looks at the production of candy by late mediaeval Italian pharmacists. The author discusses the roots of candy production and shows its development was connected to the use of medical products based on honey, sugar, spices and fruits. For many centuries such products were treated as medicines and only at the end of the Middle Ages did people start to perceive them as candy. Pharmacists from Italian nations, known as speziari, were central to the process. They had access to a range of spices imported from the Orient, know-how and experience inherited from their ancestors and their own acquired skills. In effect, they started producing candy on the base of existing, sweet medical products. The richest and most helpful source for the study of the candy production is De artificium zuchari, the thirteenth chapter of Lumen apothecariorum, a work by the fifteenth-century Piedmont physicist and pharmacist, Quirico de Augustis.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114923346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.12797/sh.63.2020.01.06
Rafał Zaremba
{"title":"Strzelcy moskiewscy w latach 1550-1723","authors":"Rafał Zaremba","doi":"10.12797/sh.63.2020.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.63.2020.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"1973 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129940574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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