Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.04.01
P. Franczak
LATE-ELIZABETHAN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS: A STUDY COMPARING THE LEGACIES OF THOMAS BODLEY, DANIEL ROGERS, JOHN SKEEN, AND WILLIAM STEWART TO THE COURTS OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE KING OF DENMARK Sir Thomas Bodley is not known well in and outside England, unless one studies the history of libraries and correctly ties him with the eponymous Oxford library, the Bodleian. Nevertheless at the end of 17th century he experienced a brief moment of prominence as an English diplomat heading an embassy to the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark. No less important were three other diplomats, sent by Queen Elisabeth I soon after him: Daniel Rogers, William Stewart and John Skeen. This article is examines those four diplomatic missions, with stress put on the legacy of Thomas Bodley’s endeavours, which marked a new era in Anglo-German diplomatic relations. The author analyses the differences in the dispatches and reports written by these Elizabethan diplomats.
{"title":"Misja dyplomatyczna Thomasa Bodleya do krajów niemieckich i Danii w 1585 r. na tle poselstw Daniela Rogersa (1585 i 1588) oraz Johna Skeena i Wilhelma Stewarta (1590)","authors":"P. Franczak","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"LATE-ELIZABETHAN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS: A STUDY COMPARING THE LEGACIES OF THOMAS BODLEY, DANIEL ROGERS, JOHN SKEEN, AND WILLIAM STEWART TO THE COURTS OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE KING OF DENMARK \u0000Sir Thomas Bodley is not known well in and outside England, unless one studies the history of libraries and correctly ties him with the eponymous Oxford library, the Bodleian. Nevertheless at the end of 17th century he experienced a brief moment of prominence as an English diplomat heading an embassy to the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark. No less important were three other diplomats, sent by Queen Elisabeth I soon after him: Daniel Rogers, William Stewart and John Skeen. This article is examines those four diplomatic missions, with stress put on the legacy of Thomas Bodley’s endeavours, which marked a new era in Anglo-German diplomatic relations. The author analyses the differences in the dispatches and reports written by these Elizabethan diplomats.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122224891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.05
Anna Pachowicz
PROFESSOR STANISŁAW KOMORNICKI (1949-2016): A MEMOIR The aim of this article is to present the figure of Prof. Dr. hab. Stanisław Komornicki (1949-2016), who worked at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków and the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów. The professor was born, raised, and educated in Krakow (in the years 1967-1968 and 1971-1972, he graduated from full-time master’s studies in physical chemistry at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University). He started his scientific work and career in Kraków (first at the Environmental Laboratory of Physicochemical and Structural Research of the Jagiellonian University, then at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków). He attended many symposia and conferences as part of his studies, but also participated in competitive sports, and later served as a judge of rowing. He was associated with the city of Tarnów as an academic teacher, vice-rector, and then rector at the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, which was established in the late-1990s. S. Komornicki also participated in the works of the oldest sports federation in the world, Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Aviron – FISA (International Federation of Rowing Societies), as a member of the Arbitration Commission. He was on the jury of the World Rowing Championships in 1989, 1994, 1995, 1999, the 2000 World Rowing World Championships, the Olympic Games in Athens (2004), Beijing (2008) and in London (2012).
STANISŁAW KOMORNICKI教授(1949-2016):回忆录本文的目的是呈现hab博士教授的形象。Stanisław Komornicki(1949-2016)，曾在Kraków科技大学和Tarnów应用科学大学工作。这位教授在克拉科夫出生、长大并接受教育(1967-1968年和1971-1972年，他在雅盖隆大学数学、物理和化学学院获得物理化学全日制硕士学位)。他在Kraków开始了他的科学工作和职业生涯(首先在雅盖隆大学的物理化学和结构研究环境实验室，然后在Kraków的科技大学)。作为学习的一部分，他参加了许多专题讨论会和会议，但也参加了竞技体育，后来担任了赛艇裁判。他曾在1990年代末成立的Tarnów市担任学术教师、副校长和应用科学大学校长。S. Komornicki还作为仲裁委员会成员参加了世界上最古老的体育联合会，即国际赛艇协会联合会-国际赛艇协会联合会的工作。他曾担任1989年、1994年、1995年、1999年世界赛艇锦标赛、2000年世界赛艇锦标赛、2004年雅典奥运会、2008年北京奥运会和2012年伦敦奥运会的裁判。
{"title":"Profesor Stanisław Komornicki (1949-2016)","authors":"Anna Pachowicz","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"PROFESSOR STANISŁAW KOMORNICKI (1949-2016): A MEMOIR \u0000The aim of this article is to present the figure of Prof. Dr. hab. Stanisław Komornicki (1949-2016), who worked at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków and the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów. The professor was born, raised, and educated in Krakow (in the years 1967-1968 and 1971-1972, he graduated from full-time master’s studies in physical chemistry at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University). He started his scientific work and career in Kraków (first at the Environmental Laboratory of Physicochemical and Structural Research of the Jagiellonian University, then at the University of Science and Technology in Kraków). He attended many symposia and conferences as part of his studies, but also participated in competitive sports, and later served as a judge of rowing. He was associated with the city of Tarnów as an academic teacher, vice-rector, and then rector at the University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, which was established in the late-1990s. S. Komornicki also participated in the works of the oldest sports federation in the world, Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Aviron – FISA (International Federation of Rowing Societies), as a member of the Arbitration Commission. He was on the jury of the World Rowing Championships in 1989, 1994, 1995, 1999, the 2000 World Rowing World Championships, the Olympic Games in Athens (2004), Beijing (2008) and in London (2012).","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126502556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.06
Magdalena Krasoń
{"title":"Lyndal Roper, Marcin Luter. Prorok i buntownik, tłum. M. Potz, L. Chmielewska Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2017, 508 s.","authors":"Magdalena Krasoń","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129467111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.03
R. Kasprzycki
HONOR DISGRACED: PRE-WORLD WAR II DESERTIONS OF POLISH ARMY OFFICERS During the Interwar period, desertions plagued the Polish Army. Many officers were counted among the thousands of rank-and-file soldiers who deserted prior to 1939. The desertion of officers was the most shocking of all peacetime abandonments, as they were supposed to be patriotic leaders of the men under their command. Officers deserted for myriad reasons, including fear of prosecution for illicit behavior, such as theft, and the discovery of cooperation or collusion with foreign agents. Of all the officer desertions during this period, the most spectacular took place in 1930 when Major Stanisław Krauss defected to Belgium and France. In 1934, a French court sentenced him to 5 years in prison for spying on French forces for Germany. The trial hit press headlines worldwide.
{"title":"Plamy na honorze","authors":"R. Kasprzycki","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"HONOR DISGRACED: PRE-WORLD WAR II DESERTIONS OF POLISH ARMY OFFICERS \u0000During the Interwar period, desertions plagued the Polish Army. Many officers were counted among the thousands of rank-and-file soldiers who deserted prior to 1939. The desertion of officers was the most shocking of all peacetime abandonments, as they were supposed to be patriotic leaders of the men under their command. Officers deserted for myriad reasons, including fear of prosecution for illicit behavior, such as theft, and the discovery of cooperation or collusion with foreign agents. Of all the officer desertions during this period, the most spectacular took place in 1930 when Major Stanisław Krauss defected to Belgium and France. In 1934, a French court sentenced him to 5 years in prison for spying on French forces for Germany. The trial hit press headlines worldwide.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131834705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.09
Jakub Basista
{"title":"Wanda Wyporska, Witchcraft in Early Modern Poland, 1500-1800 Palgrave and Macmillan, Basinstoke 2013, 245 s.","authors":"Jakub Basista","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128222512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.01
Agata Bryłka-Jesionek
PROTESTANT DOCTRINE IN SILESIAN CALENDARS BEFORE THE MID-18TH CENTURY This article looks at the issue of confesionality and the presence of Protestant doctrine in early modern calendars produced in Silesia. The article is based on an examination of 78 early modern calendars (16th through mid-18th century), which were printed in Silesian printing houses (including Breslau, Brzeg, Legnica, Kłodzko, Kożuchów, Nysa and Opawa). Of the calendars bearing the names of editors/authors, 17 were Protestant. While some of these figures were pastors, others were intellectuals who associated with Protestant groups. Silesian calendars were addressed to both Protestants and Catholics. This dual religious character reflected the contemporary Silesian political context, which was fraught with religious tension. While these conditions stimulated a broad religious neutrality, leading many to avoid any direct reference to either Protestant reformers or their doctrines in published works, some Protestant religious ideals nevertheless permeated calendars. The goal of this infiltration, often couched in religious and biblical phrases, was to educate readers on specific social values and work ethic, morality, obedience to superiors, and openness to the outside world.
{"title":"Doktryna protestancka na kartach śląskich druków kalendarzowych do połowy XVIII w","authors":"Agata Bryłka-Jesionek","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"PROTESTANT DOCTRINE IN SILESIAN CALENDARS BEFORE THE MID-18TH CENTURY \u0000This article looks at the issue of confesionality and the presence of Protestant doctrine in early modern calendars produced in Silesia. The article is based on an examination of 78 early modern calendars (16th through mid-18th century), which were printed in Silesian printing houses (including Breslau, Brzeg, Legnica, Kłodzko, Kożuchów, Nysa and Opawa). Of the calendars bearing the names of editors/authors, 17 were Protestant. While some of these figures were pastors, others were intellectuals who associated with Protestant groups. Silesian calendars were addressed to both Protestants and Catholics. This dual religious character reflected the contemporary Silesian political context, which was fraught with religious tension. While these conditions stimulated a broad religious neutrality, leading many to avoid any direct reference to either Protestant reformers or their doctrines in published works, some Protestant religious ideals nevertheless permeated calendars. The goal of this infiltration, often couched in religious and biblical phrases, was to educate readers on specific social values and work ethic, morality, obedience to superiors, and openness to the outside world.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"61 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124324891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.04
Kacper Grass
Despite historical perceptions of systemic communist-capitalist bipolarity in the Cold War world order, the international communist system was nevertheless affected by the same geopolitical realities that influenced the international system as a whole. By examining the seven cases of military conflicts between communist states from 1945 to 1991 – the Soviet invasion of Hungary (1956), the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968), the Sino-Soviet border conflict (1969), the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia (1978-1989), the Chinese invasion of Vietnam (1979), the Somali invasion of Ethiopia (1977-1978), and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979-1989) – this article challenges both the notions of Cold War bipolarity between communist and capitalist systems as well as the Marxist theory of peaceful coexistence between communist states.
{"title":"Military Conflicts Between Communist States: Geopolitical Realities and the Realization of a Communist Peace","authors":"Kacper Grass","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Despite historical perceptions of systemic communist-capitalist bipolarity in the Cold War world order, the international communist system was nevertheless affected by the same geopolitical realities that influenced the international system as a whole. By examining the seven cases of military conflicts between communist states from 1945 to 1991 – the Soviet invasion of Hungary (1956), the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968), the Sino-Soviet border conflict (1969), the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia (1978-1989), the Chinese invasion of Vietnam (1979), the Somali invasion of Ethiopia (1977-1978), and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979-1989) – this article challenges both the notions of Cold War bipolarity between communist and capitalist systems as well as the Marxist theory of peaceful coexistence between communist states.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.07
M. Idzik
{"title":"Wojciech Krawczuk, Wierni królowi. Szwedzi i Finowie na uchodźstwie w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku Historia Iagellonica, Kraków 2019, 292 s.","authors":"M. Idzik","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129710248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.02
Jerzy Gaul
THE POLISH REASON OF STATE AND THE LEGALIZATION OF THE MAY 1926 COUP D’ÉTAT BY JÓZEF PIŁSUDSKI Having unconstitutionally seized power in the military coup of May 1926, Józef Piłsudski lacked an immediate legal framework that legitimized his rule. This crisis of state not only raised the specter of civil war, but also raised doubts among the countries of Western Europe that Poland could continue as a bulwark of Western civilization and a barrier against Russia. In these circumstances, Józef Piłsudski launched a wide-ranging campaign that included high-ranking government ministers to convince the people of Poland and Western European governments of the legality of the new regime. The campaign was broadly successful. Having rejected the possibility of direct dictatorship in favor of representative government, Józef Piłsudski recognized the marshal of the Parliament, Maciej Rataj, as the interim president of Poland, rejected the idea of imposing military commissioners, and worked with Parliament to establish a new government, at the head of which sat Prime Minister Kazimierz Bartel. Józef Piłsudski himself assumed the portfolio of minister of military affairs after rejecting the National Assembly’s efforts to elect him president. All these steps convinced Polish society and many foreign governments that the regime established as a result of the coup of 1926 was legitimate.
{"title":"Polska racja stanu i legalizacja przez Józefa Piłsudskiego przewrotu majowego 1926","authors":"Jerzy Gaul","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"THE POLISH REASON OF STATE AND THE LEGALIZATION OF THE MAY 1926 COUP D’ÉTAT BY JÓZEF PIŁSUDSKI \u0000Having unconstitutionally seized power in the military coup of May 1926, Józef Piłsudski lacked an immediate legal framework that legitimized his rule. This crisis of state not only raised the specter of civil war, but also raised doubts among the countries of Western Europe that Poland could continue as a bulwark of Western civilization and a barrier against Russia. In these circumstances, Józef Piłsudski launched a wide-ranging campaign that included high-ranking government ministers to convince the people of Poland and Western European governments of the legality of the new regime. The campaign was broadly successful. Having rejected the possibility of direct dictatorship in favor of representative government, Józef Piłsudski recognized the marshal of the Parliament, Maciej Rataj, as the interim president of Poland, rejected the idea of imposing military commissioners, and worked with Parliament to establish a new government, at the head of which sat Prime Minister Kazimierz Bartel. Józef Piłsudski himself assumed the portfolio of minister of military affairs after rejecting the National Assembly’s efforts to elect him president. All these steps convinced Polish society and many foreign governments that the regime established as a result of the coup of 1926 was legitimate.","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121520208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.08
P. Franczak
{"title":"Łukasz Lichter, Wizerunek kataryzmu w polemice pomiędzy katolikami a protestantami od XVI do XIX wieku Wydawnictwo Avalon, Kraków 2019, 260 s.","authors":"P. Franczak","doi":"10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":325295,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historyczne","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130272997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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