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Elite dan Kekuasaan 精英与力量
Pub Date : 2019-02-15 DOI: 10.7454/jp.v4i1.215
Dewan Redaksi
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引用次数: 0
Populisme Islam di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Aksi Bela Islam oleh GNPF-MUI Tahun 2016-2017 印度尼西亚的伊斯兰民粹主义:GNPF-MUI 2016-2017年白俄罗斯伊斯兰行动案例研究
Pub Date : 2019-02-15 DOI: 10.7454/JP.V4I1.172
R. Kusumo, Hurriyah Hurriyah
Populisme bukanlah fenomena baru di Indonesia. Gerakan perlawanan populisme dalam sejarah Indonesia muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, sejak masa Orde Lama hingga pasca-Orde Baru. Pada masa Orde Lama, muncul gagasan Nasakom (nasionalisme, agama, komunisme) yang digagas oleh Soekarno sebagai upaya melawan kolonialisme. Di akhir masa Orde Baru, muncul gerakan perlawanan mahasiswa yang menentang kekuasaan rezim otoritarianisme, dan bahkan berhasil menjatuhkan pemerintahan Soeharto. Pasca-Orde Baru, populisme hadir dalam bentuk munculnya figur-figur yang dianggap populis dan juga kebijakan-kebijakan populernya. Pada tahun 2016-2017, fenomena yang terkait dengan populisme juga terjadi, namun kali ini dalam bentuk aksi massa yang terkait isu keagamaan, yaitu Aksi Bela Islam (ABI) yang dimotori oleh Gerakan Nasional Pengawal Fatwa Majelis UIama Indonesia (GNPF-MUI). Rangkaian Aksi Bela Islam ini melibatkan banyak elemen untuk menuntut keadilan hukum bagi Ahok yang dinilai telah menistakan Alquran. Beberapa argumen menjelaskan bahwa fenomena Aksi Bela Islam merupakan kompetisi antarelite oligarki, atau bagian dari Islamisasi yang lebih luas, seperti mengubah konstitusi menjadi hukum Islam atau sekadar bagian dari upaya merusak proses kampanye dalam Pilkada DKI Jakarta 2017. Mengacu pada argumentasi Vedi Hadiz terkait populisme Islam, Aksi Bela Islam yang menggunakan simbol Islam sebagai pemersatu dan landasan mobilisasi diyakini akan mengarah kepada terbentuknya populisme Islam di Indonesia. Namun, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun Aksi Bela Islam memperlihatkan adanya unsur-unsur populisme Islam, seperti aliansi multikelas dan narasi satu ummah, namun gerakan Aksi Bela Islam ini lebih merupakan populisme Islam semu (pseudo Islamic populism), daripada populisme Islam baru yang diargumentasikan oleh Hadiz. Studi ini menemukan bahwa hanya sebagian saja unsur yang dipenuhi. Aliansi dari mereka yang terhimpun tidak bertahan lama, serta pemaknaan terhadap ummah beragam di antara peserta Aksi Bela Islam sendiri. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan tertentu dalam membangun konsep populisme Islam telah membuat konsep tersebut kurang mampu menangkap fenomena populisme di dalam konteks masyarakat Muslim.
民众主义在印度尼西亚并不是一个新现象。印尼历史上的民粹主义运动以各种形式出现,从旧秩序到新秩序。在旧秩序时期,Nasakom(民族主义、宗教、共产主义)作为反对殖民主义的一种尝试而出现。在新秩序结束时,出现了一场反对独裁政权权力的学生抵抗运动,甚至成功推翻了索哈托政府。新Pasca Orde,民粹主义以被认为受欢迎的人物及其受欢迎的政策的形式存在。2016-2017年,也发生了与民粹主义有关的现象,但这次是以与宗教问题有关的大规模行动的形式,即由法特瓦国民警卫队运动Majelis UIama Indonesia(GNPF-MUI)发起的贝拉伊斯兰行动(ABI)。这个伊斯兰行动网络涉及许多人,要求为那些被判定否认《古兰经》的人伸张正义。一些论点解释说,Bela Islam Action现象是寡头精英之间的竞争,或者是更广泛的伊斯兰化的一部分,比如将宪法变成伊斯兰法律,或者只是试图破坏2017年DKI雅加达Pilcade运动进程的一部分。参考韦迪·哈迪兹关于伊斯兰民粹主义的论点,以伊斯兰象征为盟友和动员道路的伊斯兰白俄罗斯行动被认为导致了伊斯兰民粹主义在印度尼西亚的形成。然而,本研究表明,尽管贝拉伊斯兰行动展现了伊斯兰民粹主义的元素,如多阶层联盟和一般叙事,但与哈迪兹所主张的新伊斯兰民粹主义相比,这场贝拉伊斯兰行动运动更像是一场完整的伊斯兰民粹主义(伪伊斯兰民粹主义)。这项研究发现,只有一部分元素被填充了。那些聚集在一起的人的联盟并没有持续太久,穆斯林自己也接受了大众。这表明,对伊斯兰民粹主义概念的发展使用了某种方法,使这一概念无法捕捉穆斯林社会背景下的民粹主义现象。
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引用次数: 14
Arkitektur og politik: Atmosfæriske refleksioner ud fra Böhme og Sloterdijk
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.7146/politik.v21i2.111409
L. Jørgensen, C. Borch
The notion of atmosphere occupies an increasingly central role in present-day discussions of design, affect, architecture and sensory environments. It is mobilized in particular to emphasize and shed light on a pre-subjective, embodied apprehension of spatially discharged moods. This article especially focuses on how the notion of atmosphere offers new ways of understanding the relations between architecture and politics. Specifically, we explore such relations via the philosophical reflections on atmosphere as found in Gernot Böhme’s and Peter Sloterdijk’s work. We suggest that, in spite of significant difference between Böhme and Sloterdijk, they each offers important insights into how architecture and politics are entangled. After a brief outline of each of their general atmospheric projects, we demonstrate the different critical potential their analyses of architecture and the politics of space entail.
在当今关于设计、情感、建筑和感官环境的讨论中,气氛的概念占据着越来越重要的地位。它特别强调并阐明了对空间释放情绪的前主观、具体化的理解。本文特别关注大气的概念如何为理解建筑与政治之间的关系提供了新的途径。具体来说,我们通过在Gernot Böhme和Peter Sloterdijk的作品中发现的对大气的哲学思考来探索这种关系。我们认为,尽管Böhme和Sloterdijk之间存在显著差异,但它们都为建筑和政治如何纠缠提供了重要的见解。在简要介绍了他们的每个一般大气项目之后,我们展示了他们对建筑和空间政治的分析所带来的不同批判潜力。
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引用次数: 3
Introduktion: Politiske rum
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.7146/POLITIK.V21I2.111396
Emilie Husted, Andreas Kamstrup
Introduktion.
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引用次数: 0
Making room for change: Spatial tactics and the micropolitics of inhabiting organisational space 为变化创造空间:居住组织空间的空间策略和微观政治
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.7146/POLITIK.V21I2.111413
R. Clausen, K. Elmholdt
Literature on organisational space has pointed at the political nature of space. In this article, we explore the relation between the physical space of organisations and change. Through a case study of a media company that successfully designed a new headquarters with the aspiration to become an open, coherent and transparent organisation, we describe and analyse the micropolitics of organisational space. Using the concept of ‘spatial tactics’, we explain how initial intentions with the building design were resisted and renegotiated at the micro level as employees began inhabiting organisational space, by which, we argue, room for change was made. The study contributes to the literature on space and organisational change by providing an empirical account of how spatial tactics matter for making buildings work in change initiatives.
关于组织空间的文献指出了空间的政治本质。在这篇文章中,我们探讨了组织的物理空间和变化之间的关系。通过对一家媒体公司的案例研究,我们描述和分析了组织空间的微观政治,该公司成功地设计了一个新的总部,希望成为一个开放、连贯和透明的组织。使用“空间策略”的概念,我们解释了当员工开始居住在组织空间时,建筑设计的最初意图是如何在微观层面上被抵制和重新协商的,我们认为,通过这种方式,创造了变化的空间。该研究为空间和组织变革的文献做出了贡献,提供了空间策略如何在变革倡议中使建筑物发挥作用的经验说明。
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引用次数: 2
Neoliberalismens højborge - en studie af bygningsværkers ideologi
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.7146/politik.v21i2.111417
Andreas Kamstrup
Boganmeldelse af værket "The Architecture of Neoliberalism – how contemporary architecture became an instrument of control and compliance" (Douglas Spencer, 2016).
Boganmeldelse af ærket“新自由主义的建筑——当代建筑如何成为控制和服从的工具”(Douglas Spencer, 2016)。
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引用次数: 0
Trampolinhuset: Kulturelt rum som politisk modspil
Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.7146/POLITIK.V21I2.111415
Signe Brink Wehl
Trampoline House in Copenhagen North Western neighborhood is a social space for asylum seekers, activists and other interested. The space started as an art project. It was a critique of the conditions in the refugee camps, and the space aimed to be a free space and show an alternative solution to the immigration policy at the time. Trampoline House exists today, and the migration debate is still a present focal point in the political debate in Denmark. With the concept Critical Spatial Practice architecture professor Jane Rendell (2006) argues, that architecture and spatial art has a potential in addressing critique, free space and potentially change. This paper discusses, with starting point in the Trampoline house and Rendell’s theoretical concepts, how cultural space can be a political counter strategy, and how art can play a role within this concept. Specifically, the paper explores to which extend and how the Trampoline House as space and art project has been a political player and change agent.
哥本哈根西北社区的蹦床屋是寻求庇护者,活动家和其他感兴趣的人的社交空间。这个空间最初是一个艺术项目。这是对难民营条件的批评,该空间旨在成为一个自由的空间,并展示当时移民政策的另一种解决方案。蹦床屋今天仍然存在,移民辩论仍然是目前丹麦政治辩论的焦点。建筑学教授Jane Rendell(2006)提出了批判性空间实践的概念,认为建筑和空间艺术在解决批判、自由空间和潜在变化方面具有潜力。本文以Trampoline house和Rendell的理论概念为出发点,探讨文化空间如何成为一种政治对抗策略,以及艺术如何在这一概念中发挥作用。具体而言,本文探讨了蹦床屋作为空间和艺术项目的延伸和如何成为政治参与者和变革推动者。
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引用次数: 1
Information og misinformation i politiske beslutningsprocesser
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.7146/POLITIK.V21I1.106134
David Budtz Pedersen, Andreas Brøgger Jensen, Jacob Lauge Thomassen, Rolf Hvidtfeldt
I et vidensbaseret demokrati er det vigtigt, at aktuel, pålidelig og relevant viden er tilgængelig i beslutningsprocesser hos myndigheder, regering og Folketing. Relationen mellem forskning, rådgivning og politiske beslutninger er imidlertid ikke altid fredsommelig. På stort set alle politikområder drøftes det, om kvalificeret viden og verificeret information finder vej til de rigtige beslutningstagere eller om borgere, medier og politikere ligger under for misinformation, diskrediteret forskning og anekdotisk evidens. I denne artikel kortlægger forfatterne, hvordan postfaktuelle tendenser i samfundet skal beskrives som et resultat af flere sammenfaldende faktorer samt hvordan vidensinstitutioner, videnskabelig rådgivning og myndighedsbetjening kan være med til at garantere en balanceret fremstilling af forskning og data på områder af relevans for politiske beslutningsprocesser.
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引用次数: 1
Et syn for sagen: En analyse af videnskab, materialitet og erfarings betydning for Københavns klimatilpasningspolitik
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.7146/POLITIK.V21I1.106143
Anne Bach Nielsen, Sofie Agnete Bislev
I denne artikel tager vi udgangspunkt i klimaforandringernes særlige videnskabelige status, og undersøger hvordan klimadagsordenen kan aktualiseres igennem materiel synlighed i form af katastrofer. Vi undersøger det skybrud, der ramte København i juli 2011 som en case på, hvordan ekstremvejr kan gøre videnskab til alles eje og tilføje tårer til tørre statistikker. Vores konklusion er dels, at skybruddet mobiliserer den politiske handling på klimaområdet, som videnskaben længe har efterspurgt, og dels at klimatilpasningspolitikken bliver mere kortsigtet og snæver i kølvandet på skybruddet.
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引用次数: 1
Whack-a-mole: En undersøgelse af falske nyheder og deres økosystemer
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.7146/politik.v21i1.106144
Daniel Bach, Anders Grundtvig, Asbjørn Fleinert Mathiasen, Asger Gehrt Olesen, Andreas Birkbak, Anders Koed Madsen, Anders Kristian Munk, Ronja Ingeborg Lofstad
Vi argumenterer for, at falske nyheder skal forstås og undersøges empirisk i deres natur- lige habitat. Falske nyheder bør ikke blot håndteres som et spil whack-a-mole, hvor formålet er at slå det falske ned, hver gang det dukker op, som var det et muldvarpehoved i en spilleautomat, men derimod at forsøge at forstå de gange, muldvarpen graver.
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Jurnal Politik
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