Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/TERAS-LREV.V2I3.5409
Devy Sondakh
Tulisan ini sec.ara teoretis menguraikan tentang kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan (crimes against humanity) ditinjau dari segi peristilahan, sejarah dan pelaksanaanya dari masa ke masa hingga dikukuhkannya Statuta Roma 1998. Di samping itu juga membandingkannya dengan aturan hukum nasional Indonesia.
{"title":"KEJAHATAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN: TEORI DAN PRAKTIK","authors":"Devy Sondakh","doi":"10.25105/TERAS-LREV.V2I3.5409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/TERAS-LREV.V2I3.5409","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini sec.ara teoretis menguraikan tentang kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan (crimes against humanity) ditinjau dari segi peristilahan, sejarah dan pelaksanaanya dari masa ke masa hingga dikukuhkannya Statuta Roma 1998. Di samping itu juga membandingkannya dengan aturan hukum nasional Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132751234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5411
Heru Susetyo
This research explores the applicability of Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol II 1977 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 through internal and horizontal conflicts, and the minimum threshold of'internal armed conflict and internal civil disturbances' in Indonesia, such as in Kalimantan, Paso and Maluku
{"title":"INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT: IMPLEMENTING COMMON ARTICLE 3 AND ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS TO INTERNAL AND HORIZONTAL CONFLICTS IN INDONESIA","authors":"Heru Susetyo","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5411","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the applicability of Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol II 1977 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 through internal and horizontal conflicts, and the minimum threshold of'internal armed conflict and internal civil disturbances' in Indonesia, such as in Kalimantan, Paso and Maluku","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127459353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i6.5422
Adam Soroinda Nasution
Born cluster munitions mempunyai efek yang meluas dan dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan serius dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Sejak pertama kali digunakan, yaitu pada saat Perang Dunia II, penggunaan born cluster munitions terus mengalami peningkatan di dalam konflik bersenjata walaupun akibat yang ditimbulkannya sangat berbahaya. Para Negara-negara yang menggunakan born cluster munitions selalu berdalih bahwa penggunaan senjata cluster munitionstidak dilarang oleh hukum internasional. Senjata cluster munitions telah dipakai di banyak konflik bersenjata yang ada, baik yang berskala besar maupun kecil. Pada tahun 2006, dapat diidentifikasikan adanya penggunaan cluster munitionsdalam konflik bersenjata yang terjadi antara Israel dengan Hizbullah. Permasalahan utama yang akan dikaji dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana pengaturan mengenai cluster munitions dan dampak yang akan ditimbulkannya, akibat penggunaannya
{"title":"PENGGUNAAN CLUSTER MUNITIONS MENURUT KETENTUAN HUKUM HUMANITER DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA INTERNASIONAL ANTARA ISRAEL DAN HIZBULLAH PADA TAHUN 2006","authors":"Adam Soroinda Nasution","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i6.5422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i6.5422","url":null,"abstract":"Born cluster munitions mempunyai efek yang meluas dan dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan serius dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Sejak pertama kali digunakan, yaitu pada saat Perang Dunia II, penggunaan born cluster munitions terus mengalami peningkatan di dalam konflik bersenjata walaupun akibat yang ditimbulkannya sangat berbahaya. Para Negara-negara yang menggunakan born cluster munitions selalu berdalih bahwa penggunaan senjata cluster munitionstidak dilarang oleh hukum internasional. Senjata cluster munitions telah dipakai di banyak konflik bersenjata yang ada, baik yang berskala besar maupun kecil. Pada tahun 2006, dapat diidentifikasikan adanya penggunaan cluster munitionsdalam konflik bersenjata yang terjadi antara Israel dengan Hizbullah. Permasalahan utama yang akan dikaji dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana pengaturan mengenai cluster munitions dan dampak yang akan ditimbulkannya, akibat penggunaannya","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121628757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i6.5424
Sanjaya Aryal
More than a decade long armed conflict in Nepal put a greater impact on Nepalese children. Hundreds of children lost their lives, thousands injured, lost their parents and displaced, and devoid of basic services such as education and health care. One of the worst forms of impact of the armed conflict in Nepalese children is their recruitment and use as child soldiers in armed forces and armed groups. Both the parties to the conflict, i.e. state actor (Nepalese government security forces) and non-state entity (rebel group-Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)) recruited and used the child soldier in many ways and forms. From the study it is found that, though the nature and causes of armed conflict, intensity of use of child soldiers in heinous atrocities, and intensity of recruitment and abduction of children in Nepal is different and less than any of the African conflicts, but the causes of recruitment are found similar, i.e. multidimensional. NGOs have come together and formed a working group to bring synergy in their individual efforts in reintegration of the former child soldiers. However, even after around two years of initiation of peace process in the country, formal release and reintegration of those victimized children has not started yet and the children are either still in the cantonment sites waiting for their release or they have informally released and associated with semipolitical or paramilitary wings of Maoist. Hence, the human rights violations of these child soldiers are still continued.
{"title":"CAUSES OF RECRUITMENT OF CHILD SOLDIERS IN NEPAL: AN ANALYSIS FROM CHILD RIGHTS NGO PERSPECTIVES","authors":"Sanjaya Aryal","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i6.5424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i6.5424","url":null,"abstract":"More than a decade long armed conflict in Nepal put a greater impact on Nepalese children. Hundreds of children lost their lives, thousands injured, lost their parents and displaced, and devoid of basic services such as education and health care. One of the worst forms of impact of the armed conflict in Nepalese children is their recruitment and use as child soldiers in armed forces and armed groups. Both the parties to the conflict, i.e. state actor (Nepalese government security forces) and non-state entity (rebel group-Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)) recruited and used the child soldier in many ways and forms. From the study it is found that, though the nature and causes of armed conflict, intensity of use of child soldiers in heinous atrocities, and intensity of recruitment and abduction of children in Nepal is different and less than any of the African conflicts, but the causes of recruitment are found similar, i.e. multidimensional. NGOs have come together and formed a working group to bring synergy in their individual efforts in reintegration of the former child soldiers. However, even after around two years of initiation of peace process in the country, formal release and reintegration of those victimized children has not started yet and the children are either still in the cantonment sites waiting for their release or they have informally released and associated with semipolitical or paramilitary wings of Maoist. Hence, the human rights violations of these child soldiers are still continued.","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130162753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5410
Nils Marius Rekkedal
This article is the second of three articles which present and discuss several of the key concepts in use when attempting, in a research or military context (e.g., in doctrines and regulations), to describe the different forms of insurgency. One of the assumptions in this work has been that all insurgent wars are different, with their own local or regional conditions. The author has also said that it should nevertheless be possible to try to find certain basic characteristics in these forms of warfare. We can also find in this article some of the key concepts and problems regarding insurgency, guerrilla warfare and methods of insurgency as well.
{"title":"INSURGENCY AND COUNTER INSURGENCY SOME CONCEPTS AND PROBLEMS","authors":"Nils Marius Rekkedal","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5410","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the second of three articles which present and discuss several of the key concepts in use when attempting, in a research or military context (e.g., in doctrines and regulations), to describe the different forms of insurgency. One of the assumptions in this work has been that all insurgent wars are different, with their own local or regional conditions. The author has also said that it should nevertheless be possible to try to find certain basic characteristics in these forms of warfare. We can also find in this article some of the key concepts and problems regarding insurgency, guerrilla warfare and methods of insurgency as well.","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5415
Natsri Anshari
Penggelaran-penggelaran pasukan pemeliharaan perdamaian untuk tujuan tercapainya perdamaian dan keamanan internasional menunjukkan adanya pergeseran dari "peacekeeping operations" menjadi "peace-enforcement operations' yang menyebabkan pasukan pemeliharaan perdamaian dapat menggunakan senjata secara aktif dalam pelaksanaan mandatnya. Penggelaran pasukan "peacekeeping" di Irak, Somalia dan Bekas Yugoslavia telah menimbulkan kontradiksi hukum mengenai batasan-batasan normatif antara "peacekeeping"dan ''peace-enfortement Operasi ''peacekeeping"yang dilakukan PBB di ketiga negara tersebutjuga telah menimbulkan masalah kewenangan diantara negara-negara yang bersangkutan dan masyarakat internasional dalam menyikapi konflik internal.
{"title":"PERGESERAN KONSEP PEACEKEEPING: OPERASI PBB DALAM SENGKETA BERSENJATA DI IRAK, SOMALIA DAN BEKAS NEGARA YUGOSLAVIA","authors":"Natsri Anshari","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i4.5415","url":null,"abstract":"Penggelaran-penggelaran pasukan pemeliharaan perdamaian untuk tujuan tercapainya perdamaian dan keamanan internasional menunjukkan adanya pergeseran dari \"peacekeeping operations\" menjadi \"peace-enforcement operations' yang menyebabkan pasukan pemeliharaan perdamaian dapat menggunakan senjata secara aktif dalam pelaksanaan mandatnya. Penggelaran pasukan \"peacekeeping\" di Irak, Somalia dan Bekas Yugoslavia telah menimbulkan kontradiksi hukum mengenai batasan-batasan normatif antara \"peacekeeping\"dan ''peace-enfortement Operasi ''peacekeeping\"yang dilakukan PBB di ketiga negara tersebutjuga telah menimbulkan masalah kewenangan diantara negara-negara yang bersangkutan dan masyarakat internasional dalam menyikapi konflik internal.","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115364485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v2i3.5407
Terje Lund
In Norwegian Military Judicial System, the Judge Advocate General's corps belongs to the Prosecution Authority and is under the Ministry of Justice in peace, while in wartime administratively integrated into the armed forces. In peacetime its status is civilian, changing to military in wartime. The Norwegian military system of summary punishments is laid down in the Military Disciplinary Act of 20 May 1988, supplemented by disciplinary regulation by Royal Decree of 16 December 1988. Military commanders can impose summary punishments to officers and servicemen under their command
{"title":"THE NORWEGIAN MILITARY JUDICIAL SYSTEM","authors":"Terje Lund","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v2i3.5407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v2i3.5407","url":null,"abstract":"In Norwegian Military Judicial System, the Judge Advocate General's corps belongs to the Prosecution Authority and is under the Ministry of Justice in peace, while in wartime administratively integrated into the armed forces. In peacetime its status is civilian, changing to military in wartime. The Norwegian military system of summary punishments is laid down in the Military Disciplinary Act of 20 May 1988, supplemented by disciplinary regulation by Royal Decree of 16 December 1988. Military commanders can impose summary punishments to officers and servicemen under their command","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132598244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i7.5427
Devy Sondakh
This article focuses on the enforcement of international humanitarian law through the prosecution and punishment of individuals accused of violations of international humanitarian law by national tribunals, especially about the doctrinal contributions regarding war crimes committed by navy officers at national tribunals. The author also shows principles that has developed by the ICC's Statute, such as legality principle, individual criminal responsibility, superior order, fair trial, no survivor, and act of state doctrine.
{"title":"ASPEK-ASPEK HUKUM HUMANITER DALAM KEJAHATAN PERANG YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANGGOTA DINAS ANGKATAN LAUT DALAM KONFLIK INTERNASIONAL","authors":"Devy Sondakh","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i7.5427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v4i7.5427","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the enforcement of international humanitarian law through the prosecution and punishment of individuals accused of violations of international humanitarian law by national tribunals, especially about the doctrinal contributions regarding war crimes committed by navy officers at national tribunals. The author also shows principles that has developed by the ICC's Statute, such as legality principle, individual criminal responsibility, superior order, fair trial, no survivor, and act of state doctrine.","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127649314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i5.5417
A. Dahl
Today, there are two distinct bodies of law namely Human Rights Law and International Law of Armed Conflict. The latter often referred to as International Humanitarian Law, since it aims at reducing suffering during armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 have a prominent place within International Law of Armed Conflict. It is also important, because the biggest part of International Law of Armed Conflict is regulated in these Conventions. Although there is close relation between the two bodies of law, but there are some differences, in particular, in applicability of its norms. Human Rights Law applicable in peacetime while International Law of Armed Conflict applicable in wartime. This article explains those issues in brief.
{"title":"HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS","authors":"A. Dahl","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i5.5417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v3i5.5417","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there are two distinct bodies of law namely Human Rights Law and International Law of Armed Conflict. The latter often referred to as International Humanitarian Law, since it aims at reducing suffering during armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 have a prominent place within International Law of Armed Conflict. It is also important, because the biggest part of International Law of Armed Conflict is regulated in these Conventions. Although there is close relation between the two bodies of law, but there are some differences, in particular, in applicability of its norms. Human Rights Law applicable in peacetime while International Law of Armed Conflict applicable in wartime. This article explains those issues in brief.","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124313879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.25105/teras-lrev.v2i3.5408
Agustinus P H
Kemauan politik MPR untuk menundukkan Prajurit TNI ke dalam Peradilan Umum dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran hukum pidana umum, yang dirumuskan di dalam Pasal 65 Ayat (2) pada Undangundang Nomor 4 Ta hun 2004 mengenai Tentara Nasional Indonesia secara umum akan membawa implikasi pada sistem hukum militer dan hukum pidana militer pada khususnya, yakni pada sistem hukum acara, kewenangan peradilan militer, serta hukum pidana militer substantif, yaitu Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana Militer (KUHPM).
{"title":"IMPLIKASI TERHADAP KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA MILITER (PENUNDUKAN PRAJURIT TNI PADA PERADILAN UMUM)","authors":"Agustinus P H","doi":"10.25105/teras-lrev.v2i3.5408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v2i3.5408","url":null,"abstract":"Kemauan politik MPR untuk menundukkan Prajurit TNI ke dalam Peradilan Umum dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran hukum pidana umum, yang dirumuskan di dalam Pasal 65 Ayat (2) pada Undangundang Nomor 4 Ta hun 2004 mengenai Tentara Nasional Indonesia secara umum akan membawa implikasi pada sistem hukum militer dan hukum pidana militer pada khususnya, yakni pada sistem hukum acara, kewenangan peradilan militer, serta hukum pidana militer substantif, yaitu Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana Militer (KUHPM).","PeriodicalId":325645,"journal":{"name":"terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124844631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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