IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138378

Minh Tien Nguyen , Van Trung Nguyen , Phu Nguu Do , Tan Trung Ho

This study aims to measure ignition probability (P_ig) and minimum ignition energy (MIE) of stoichiometric NH₃/CH₄/air mixtures using the conventional transistor coil ignition (TCI) system along with single-/multi-spark discharge strategy. The mixture was centrally ignited in a constant volume combustion chamber at an atmospheric condition under various impact factors, including CH₄ volume fractions (10%-50%), spark gap distance (d_gap = 0.55 – 5.0 mm), number of pulse discharges (N_P = 1–15 pulses), and repetitive pulse frequency (f_P = 0.5 – 1.3 kHz). The results indicate that an increase in d_gap and/or CH₄ fraction could enhance P_ig, resulting in a decrease of MIE. The mixture with 50%CH₄ could have a 100%-ignitability at d_gap = 0.55 – 5.0 mm when using the lowest ignition energy (E_ig) induced by the TCI system with single-spark discharge and at f_P = 500 Hz, whereas the reverse is true for the stoichiometric 90%NH₃/10%CH₄/air mixture. Furthermore, increasing N_p and/or f_P could enhance the ignitability of the stoichiometric 80%NH₃20%CH₄/air mixture at d_gap = 2.0 mm that may not be successfully ignited by a single-spark discharge with f_P = 500 Hz. The value of MIE drops when increasing f_P, whereas it non-monotonically decreases and increases with an increase in N_p, by which the lowest MIE value is most profound at 3–5 pulses; beyond this range, the MIE value increases. The current findings demonstrate the conventional TCI’s applicability to enhance the ignition probability of NH₃/CH₄/air mixture by multi-spark discharge strategies. Furthermore, data in P_ig and MIE also play a crucial role in addressing industrial safety concerns.

本研究旨在利用传统的晶体管线圈点火（TCI）系统以及单/多火花放电策略，测量化学计量NH3/CH4/空气混合物的点火概率（Pig）和最小点火能量（MIE）。在常压条件下，在CH4体积分数（10% ~ 50%）、火花间隙距离（dgap = 0.55 ~ 5.0 mm）、脉冲放电次数（NP = 1 ~ 15个脉冲）、重复脉冲频率（fP = 0.5 ~ 1.3 kHz）等影响因素的影响下，在定容燃烧室中集中点火。结果表明，dgap和/或CH4分数的增加可以提高猪的代谢效率，导致MIE的降低。在单火花放电TCI系统诱导的最低点火能量（Eig）下，在fP = 500 Hz时，50%CH4的混合物在dgap = 0.55 ~ 5.0 mm处具有100%的可燃性，而在化学计量量为90%NH3/10%CH4/空气的混合物中则相反。此外，增加Np和/或fP可以提高dgap = 2.0 mm时化学计量80%NH320%CH4/空气混合物的可燃性，而fP = 500 Hz的单火花放电可能无法成功点燃。MIE值随fP的增加而下降，随Np的增加而非单调地减小和增加，其中在3 ~ 5个脉冲时MIE值最小；超过这个范围，MIE值增加。研究结果表明，传统的TCI可以通过多火花放电策略来提高NH3/CH4/空气混合物的着火概率。此外，Pig和MIE的数据在解决工业安全问题方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring phase transition and morphology of CoMoS catalysts by tetramethylammonium for enhanced hydrodeoxygenation 四甲基铵增强加氢脱氧CoMoS催化剂的相变和形貌

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138289

Zhe Bai , Zehao Dong , Xiangwen Zhang , Guozhu Li

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived bio-oils is critical for sustainable biofuel production. Transition metal sulfides, particularly CoMoS, possess good ability to cleave C-O bonds effectively. But their morphology is difficult to precisely control, leading to poor accessibility of active sites. In this work, a hydrothermal method using tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB) as morphology-directing agent is developed to prepare various Co-promoted MoS₂ catalysts (RCoMoS). The catalysts are thoroughly characterized, which reveals that TMAB mediates the formation of well-dispersed, spindle-like structures with vertically aligned MoS₂ nanosheets. Thereby, accessible active sites of CoMoS are significantly increased. The optimized catalyst demonstrates exceptional HDO activity, achieving complete conversion of diphenyl ether within 1.5 h at 300 °C and 4 MPa of H₂, with 99.90 % selectivity of benzene. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits outstanding stability over 72 h time-on-stream test and broad substrate versatility for various lignin-derived oxygenates with over 90 % conversion for all tested compounds.

木质素衍生生物油的氢脱氧（HDO）是可持续生物燃料生产的关键。过渡金属硫化物，特别是como，具有良好的裂解C-O键的能力。但它们的形态难以精确控制，导致活性位点的可及性较差。本研究以四甲基溴化铵（TMAB）为形态导向剂，采用水热法制备了多种共促进二硫化钼催化剂（RCoMoS）。对催化剂进行了全面的表征，表明TMAB介导了具有垂直排列的MoS2纳米片的分散良好的纺锤状结构的形成。因此，como的可达活性位点显著增加。优化后的催化剂具有优异的HDO活性，在300℃、4 MPa的氢气条件下，在1.5 h内实现了二苯基醚的完全转化，苯的选择性为99.90%。此外，该催化剂在72小时的流上时间测试中表现出出色的稳定性，并且对各种木质素衍生的含氧化合物具有广泛的底物通用性，所有测试化合物的转化率均超过90%。

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引用次数: 0

Heat and mass transfer in composite droplets before the start of puffing/micro-explosion: the effect of internal convection 膨化/微爆炸开始前复合液滴的传热传质：内部对流的影响

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138260

D.V. Antonov , P.A. Strizhak , S.S. Sazhin

A two-dimensional model describing fluid dynamics and heat/mass transfer processes in composite water/fuel droplets, preceding puffing/micro-explosion within them, is suggested and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results of calculations are verified by comparing them with the predictions of the previously developed models in the limiting case of spherically symmetric geometry and processes. The validation of the model is performed using the experimental data for composite droplets introduced into air at constant velocity and temperature. The observed times to puffing/micro-explosion are demonstrated to be close to the predicted ones. These times predicted by the new model are shown to be shorter than those predicted by the previously developed one-dimensional model of the processes in moving composite droplets in which the internal convection in droplets is ignored but the effects of droplet movement on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are taken into account. The new model is used for the analysis of the processes in composite droplets with parameters typical of the combustion chambers of ground-based, marine and aircraft engines. It is demonstrated that internal convective flows are the primary cause of the displacement of the water sub-droplets in composite droplets. The formation of two toroidal vortices in these droplets is predicted.

在COMSOL Multiphysics软件中提出并实现了描述复合水/燃料液滴内膨化/微爆炸前流体动力学和传热传质过程的二维模型。在球对称几何和过程的极限情况下，通过将计算结果与先前开发的模型的预测结果进行比较，验证了计算结果。利用等速恒温下的复合液滴实验数据对模型进行了验证。观测到的膨化/微爆炸次数与预测值接近。新模型预测的时间比先前开发的复合液滴运动过程的一维模型预测的时间短，在一维模型中，液滴的内部对流被忽略，但液滴运动对努塞尔数和舍伍德数的影响被考虑在内。将该模型应用于陆基、船用和航空发动机燃烧室典型参数的复合液滴过程分析。结果表明，内部对流流动是复合液滴中水滴位移的主要原因。预测了这些液滴中两个环形涡的形成。

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引用次数: 0

Aviation fuel derived from waste multilayered Plastics: A comprehensive study on pyrolysis Behavior, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and batch processing 废弃多层塑料衍生航空燃料：热解行为、动力学、热力学和批量处理的综合研究

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138343

Sudesna Aech , Pabitra Mohan Mahapatra , Sachin Kumar , Pijush Kanti Mandal , Achyut Kumar Panda

Disposing of multi-layered packaging, particularly those used for edible oil products, poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical decomposition process, emerges as a promising solution for valorizing such waste materials. This study investigates the pyrolysis of discarded edible oil plastic packaging made of multilayered co-extruded PE/Nylon based plastics through comprehensive thermokinetic, thermodynamic, and batch pyrolysis studies. The pyrolysis kinetics were studied using thermogravimetric data collected at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min. Both model-fitting and model-free approaches, such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger methods, were employed to determine the activation energy, Arrhenius factor, reaction order, and the mechanism of the process. The maximum weight loss (95.9%) of waste edible oil packets occurs at 5°C/min. The thermal disintegration of waste edible oil packets shows the F₃ mechanism. The activation energy and Arrhenius factor for this disintegration process are 291kJ/mol and 6.71 × 10¹³ min.⁻¹ respectively. The pyrolytic breakdown of multilayered oil packets shows an average change in free energy of 806.018 kJ/mol, an enthalpy change of 147.968 kJ/mol, and an entropy change of −876.814 × 10^–3 kJK^-1mol⁻¹. The optimum temperature for producing maximum pyrolytic oil (73.44%) through batch pyrolysis is 450°C. The pyrolytic oil is fractionated again up to 300°C to obtain the distilled oil. The distilled oil, analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS, is found to contain a significant fraction of hydrocarbons, confirming its potential for use as aviation fuel. Based on these promising results, the pyrolysis process for the valorisation of waste multi-layered plastics can be scaled up to a continuous or pilot-scale system, contingent upon a successful techno-economic analysis for commercial aviation fuel production.

多层包装，特别是用于食用油产品的包装，由于其不可生物降解的性质，对环境构成了重大挑战。热解是一种热化学分解过程，是一种很有前途的解决方案，可以使这些废物增值。本研究对多层共挤PE/尼龙基塑料制成的废弃食用油塑料包装进行了热动力学、热力学和间歇热解的综合研究。在升温速率为5、10、15和20°C/min时，利用热重数据研究了热解动力学。采用Kissinger- akahira - sunose （KAS）法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa （FWO）法和Kissinger法等模型拟合和无模型拟合方法确定了活化能、Arrhenius因子、反应顺序和反应机理。废油包在5°C/min时失重最大（95.9%）。废油包的热崩解表现为F3机制。该分解过程的活化能为291kJ/mol， Arrhenius因子为6.71 × 1013 min.−1。多层油包热解分解的平均自由能变化为806.018 kJ/mol，焓变为147.968 kJ/mol，熵变为−876.814 × 10-3 kJK-1mol−1。450℃是间歇热解产油率最高（73.44%）的最佳温度。裂解油再次分馏至300°C得到蒸馏油。经FTIR和GC-MS分析，发现蒸馏油中含有大量碳氢化合物，证实了其作为航空燃料的潜力。基于这些有希望的结果，废弃多层塑料增值的热解过程可以扩大到连续或中试规模的系统，这取决于商业航空燃料生产的成功技术经济分析。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic pore-acidity engineering in hierarchical H-beta zeolites for molecular sieving of ethylcyclohexane 分级h -沸石的协同孔酸性工程用于乙基环己烷的分子筛分

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138352

Xue Ma , Xianjie Wang , Jinhui He , Jingdong Gou , Yaning Zhao , Akang Liu , Shuo Feng , Louwei Cui , Huiyong Chen , Jun Yang , Liuyi Pan , Dong Li

The similarity in physical and chemical properties between ethylcyclohexane (ECH) and dimethylcyclohexane (DCH) isomers poses significant challenges for the effective separation of ECH from coal-derived C8 naphthenic oil. This study employed a model oil system comprising the three predominant components in C8 naphthenic oil: ECH, Cis-1,3-DCH, and Trans-1,3-DCH. The separation performance of H-beta zeolites with varying silica-aluminum ratios (SAR) was evaluated through static adsorption and dynamic breakthrough experiments. The results indicated that H-beta-55 (SAR = 55) demonstrated superior separation efficiency for ECH, attributable to its hierarchical microporous-mesoporous structure and moderate acidity. Specifically, H-beta-55 achieved an ECH/1,3-DCH selectivity coefficient of 3.7, an ECH adsorption capacity of 7.1 mg/g, and a pseudo-second-order adsorption rate constant of 0.67 g/(mg·min), which was 3.4–4.8 times higher than those observed for the 1,3-DCH isomers. In dynamic breakthrough tests, the ECH breakthrough endpoint (∼350 min) occurred approximately 150 min later than that of Cis-1,3-DCH (∼200 min). Ethylcyclohexane temperature-programmed desorption (ECH-TPD) experiments confirmed that physical interactions predominantly governed adsorption. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of molecular probability density distributions revealed that ECH (kinetic diameter ∼ 6.37 Å) preferentially accesses secondary pore channels to occupy high-density adsorption sites. In contrast, steric hindrance caused by the methyl groups of DCH isomers restricted them to the primary 12-membered ring main channels. These findings underscore the importance of fine-tuning the SAR of H-beta zeolites to optimize pore size distribution and acidity for efficient C8 naphthene separation. This work provides a molecular-level theoretical basis for designing advanced adsorbents for industrial-grade naphthenic oil separation processes.

乙基环己烷（ECH）与二甲基环己烷（DCH）异构体在物理化学性质上的相似性给煤制C8环烷油中乙基环己烷的有效分离带来了重大挑战。本研究采用由C8环烷油中ECH、cis -1,3- dch和trans -1,3- dch三种主要成分组成的模型油体系。通过静态吸附实验和动态突破实验对不同硅铝比（SAR） h - β分子筛的分离性能进行了评价。结果表明，h - β -55 （SAR = 55）由于其微孔-介孔结构分层且酸度适中，对ECH具有较好的分离效果。其中，h - β -55的ECH/1,3- dch选择性系数为3.7，ECH吸附量为7.1 mg/g，准二级吸附速率常数为0.67 g/(mg·min)，是1,3- dch异构体的3.4-4.8倍。在动态突破试验中，ECH突破终点（~ 350分钟）比cis -1,3- dch（~ 200分钟）晚约150分钟。乙基环己烷程序升温解吸（ECH-TPD）实验证实了物理相互作用主要控制吸附。大正则蒙特卡罗（GCMC）分子概率密度分布模拟表明，ECH（动力学直径~ 6.37 Å）优先进入次级孔隙通道，占据高密度吸附位点。相比之下，DCH异构体的甲基所引起的空间位阻将它们限制在初级12元环主通道上。这些发现强调了微调h - β沸石的SAR以优化孔径分布和酸度对高效分离C8环烷的重要性。本研究为工业级环烷油分离工艺中高级吸附剂的设计提供了分子水平的理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing environmental impact and economic footprint of non-Indian multi-utility private vehicles powered by gasohols, compressed natural gas, compressed biogas, and battery 评估由汽油、压缩天然气、压缩沼气和电池驱动的非印度多用途私人车辆的环境影响和经济足迹

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138212

Srijit Biswas, Arpit Yadav, Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Many alternative solutions have emerged in the automotive and transportation sectors to address the need for sustainable solutions. This development has significantly impacted India. Policies and initiatives have been implemented to ensure energy security and achieve sustainability goals. To this end, ethanol-blended petrol (EBP), compressed biogas (CBG), compressed natural gas (CNG), and battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) are being promoted in India. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of technologies through a cradle-to-grave (CTG) approach, which covers all stages, including vehicle manufacturing, fuel production, operation, and lifetime emissions. This study also presents a techno-economic assessment (TEA) for foreign-brand multi-utility vehicles (MUVs) with engine capacities ranging from 1.0 to 2.4 L or similar weight ranges for parity. A sensitivity analysis of various scenarios was also conducted to gain a complete understanding. The well-to-pump (WTP) emissions of a single CBG-IC engine vehicle (−70 g CO₂-eq/km) offsets the emissions of two E10-IC engine vehicles (30 g CO₂-eq/km) and represent a critical step towards achieving net-zero. Considering a vehicle lifespan of 200,000 km in 10 years, the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CBG-IC engine vehicles (ICEVs) were 23 gCO₂-eq/km, lower than BEV, E10-ICEV and CNG-ICEV by 87, 85 and 88 %, respectively. Economically, CBG-ICEV exhibited the lowest Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) among all powertrain options considered in this study.

为了满足可持续解决方案的需求，汽车和运输行业出现了许多替代解决方案。这一发展对印度产生了重大影响。实施了确保能源安全和实现可持续发展目标的政策和举措。为此，乙醇混合汽油（EBP）、压缩沼气（CBG）、压缩天然气（CNG）和电池电动汽车（bev）正在印度推广。本研究旨在通过从摇篮到坟墓（CTG）的方法对技术进行全面评估，该方法涵盖了所有阶段，包括车辆制造、燃料生产、运行和生命周期排放。本研究还提出了一项技术经济评估（TEA），适用于发动机排量在1.0至2.4升之间或同等重量范围内的外国品牌多用途车（muv）。为了获得完整的理解，还进行了各种情景的敏感性分析。一辆CBG-IC发动机车辆的井到泵（WTP）排放量（- 70 g二氧化碳当量/公里）抵消了两辆E10-IC发动机车辆的排放量（30 g二氧化碳当量/公里），是实现净零排放的关键一步。考虑到车辆10年20万公里的使用寿命，CBG-IC发动机车辆（icev）的温室气体（GHG）排放量为23 gCO2-eq/km，分别比BEV、E10-ICEV和CNG-ICEV低87%、85%和88%。从经济角度来看，CBG-ICEV在所有动力总成方案中表现出最低的总拥有成本（TCO）。

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引用次数: 0

A methodology to determine additive markers in fuel ethanol using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 气相色谱-质谱法测定燃料乙醇中添加剂标记物的方法

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138334

Leonardo Silva Gonçalves, Dyovanna de Sousa Costa, Rhyan César Santos Dias, Lilian Fernandes de Oliveira, Aline Moreira Aguiar, Dayane Cristina da Costa, João Marcos Gonçalves Barbosa, Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira, Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho

Ethanol has been increasingly utilized on a large scale as a biofuel. In Brazil, hydrated fuel ethanol is available in two types: regular (EHC) and a version known as additive ethanol (EHA), which contains multifunctional chemical compounds for enhanced performance. Each brand or distributor may select various additive packages for additive options. The detection of additives in fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, is widely discussed in scientific literature; however, methodologies capable of assessing the presence of these additives and correlating them with their origin are lacking. Thus, this study developed a new methodology to distinguish between EHA and EHC, and to identify fuel additives characteristic of the major brands available in the Brazilian market, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and a multivariate analysis-based approach. Overall, 198 commercial fuel ethanol samples were analyzed, 98 EHC and 99 EHA. A regression model built using 17 chemical compounds presented an accuracy of 97 %. Oleic acid, 2-ethylhexanol, and 1,4-diethylbenzene were identified as the main chemical markers. In summary, this study presents a rapid, robust, and highly accurate method for distinguishing between additive and regular hydrated fuel ethanol, representing a breakthrough in biofuel quality assurance. This advancement contributes significantly to ensuring the quality of biofuels, with direct impacts on environmental safety, preventing economic losses, and strengthening oversight and regulation in the sector.

乙醇已越来越多地作为生物燃料大规模使用。在巴西，水合燃料乙醇有两种类型：普通乙醇（EHC）和添加剂乙醇（EHA），后者含有增强性能的多功能化合物。每个品牌或经销商可以选择不同的添加剂包装添加剂选项。燃料中添加剂的检测，如汽油和柴油，在科学文献中被广泛讨论；然而，缺乏能够评估这些添加剂的存在并将其与来源联系起来的方法。因此，本研究开发了一种新的方法来区分EHA和EHC，并使用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和基于多变量分析的方法来识别巴西市场上主要品牌的燃料添加剂特征。总共分析了198个商业燃料乙醇样品，其中98个为EHC， 99个为EHA。用17种化合物建立的回归模型准确率为97%。油酸、2-乙基己醇和1,4-二乙苯是主要的化学标记物。总之，这项研究提出了一种快速、可靠、高度准确的方法来区分添加剂和普通水合燃料乙醇，代表了生物燃料质量保证的突破。这一进展有助于确保生物燃料的质量，对环境安全产生直接影响，防止经济损失，并加强该部门的监督和监管。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of an integrated renewable-based hydrogen, methanol and dimethyl ether production system for sustainable fuels 综合可再生氢、甲醇和二甲醚生产系统的可持续燃料评估

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138085

Seyma Kil Acar , Hasan Sadikoglu , Ibrahim Dincer

Hydrogen, which is considered a critical feedstock in alternative fuel production, offers a competitive alternative to fossil-fuel-based technologies. During this transition, carbon capture technologies are essential to ensure sustainable energy. This work proposes and analyzes the performance of a combined power-to-liquid system powered by solar and wind electricity. The carbon dioxide used is captured from refinery flue gas through the post-combustion capture process utilizing the monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent, and the purified carbon dioxide and green hydrogen are used to synthesize methanol, and subsequently produce dimethyl ether (DME). The applicable products obtained are hydrogen, methanol, DME, and electricity. Through a chemical interaction with carbon dioxide extracted from flue gas, hydrogen produced by the alkaline electrolyzer is transformed into methanol. Dimethyl ether is synthesized by dehydration of the methanol obtained. The Aspen Plus is used to create and assess the integrated process. When monthly renewable electricity production is assessed, May has the lowest, and July has the highest output. Based on the electricity available, the rates of hydrogen and methanol are evaluated; the results show that the hydrogen production capacity is 34.59 kg/h, the methanol production capacity is 56.95 kg/h, and the dimethyl ether production capacity is 28.66 kg/h. The system’s overall energy and exergy efficiency values are 33.45 % and 32.58 %, respectively. Moreover, some parametric studies are carried out to evaluate how system parameters, such as electrolyzer temperature, affect process efficiencies.

氢被认为是替代燃料生产的关键原料，是化石燃料技术的一个有竞争力的替代品。在这一转型过程中，碳捕获技术对于确保可持续能源至关重要。本工作提出并分析了一种由太阳能和风能驱动的联合动力-液体系统的性能。所使用的二氧化碳是通过利用单乙醇胺（MEA）溶剂的燃烧后捕集工艺从炼油厂烟气中捕获的，纯化后的二氧化碳和绿色氢用于合成甲醇，随后生产二甲醚（DME）。得到的适用产品有氢、甲醇、二甲醚和电。通过与从烟气中提取的二氧化碳的化学相互作用，碱性电解槽产生的氢转化为甲醇。二甲醚是由得到的甲醇脱水合成的。Aspen Plus用于创建和评估集成过程。当评估月度可再生能源发电量时，5月的发电量最低，7月的发电量最高。根据可用的电力，评估氢和甲醇的速率；结果表明：氢气生产能力为34.59 kg/h，甲醇生产能力为56.95 kg/h，二甲醚生产能力为28.66 kg/h。系统总能量和火用效率值分别为33.45%和32.58%。此外，还进行了一些参数研究，以评估系统参数（如电解槽温度）如何影响工艺效率。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of nitrogen distribution in chemical looping gasification of kitchen waste and soy protein as a model compound with CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 oxygen carriers 以CuFe2O4和NiFe2O4氧载体为模型化合物的餐厨垃圾化学循环气化过程中氮的分布分析

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138292

Shiwen Fang , Luzhou Ding , Yan Lin , Shuchang Yan , Xiongwei Zheng , Zhen Huang , Hongyu Huang

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) has become a key strategy for the sustainable development of kitchen waste. However, during the CLG process of kitchen waste with high nitrogen and high organic matter content, pollution is likely to occur due to the emission of NO_x (with HCN and NH₃ as its precursors). Therefore, it is necessary to study nitrogen distribution to realize the resource utilization of kitchen waste and reduce environmental hazards. This study established a “gas-tar-char” nitrogen distribution framework by CLG soy protein (as a model compound) with Cu-Fe and Ni-Fe oxygen carriers (OCs). Gaseous nitrogen primarily comprised NH₃, HCN, NO, and N₂; tar nitrogen consisted of nitriles, heterocycles and amides; and char nitrogen included protein nitrogen (42%), inorganic ammonium nitrogen (22%), pyridine nitrogen (19%), and pyrrole nitrogen (17%). Adjusting oxygen equivalence ratio, steam content and cycle number induced dynamic changes in nitrogen pollutant distribution: higher oxygen equivalence ratio improved gas-phase NH₃/HCN removal rate; OC-catalyzed tar nitrogen cracking reduced the relative content of three main nitrogen compounds; with increased oxygen equivalence ratio and steam, all N forms in soybean protein char (except pyrrole N) underwent oxidative cracking, while pyrrole N remained stable and became the main char N form. Additionally, XPS analysis showed steam introduction significantly increased NH₃/HCN yield, while higher steam content reduced XPS peak intensity of char nitrogen-containing compounds. Both Cu-Fe and Ni-Fe OCs maintained high efficiency after 10 cycles. This study offers a new method for clean, efficient conversion of nitrogen-containing biomass waste.

化学循环气化（CLG）已成为餐厨垃圾可持续发展的关键战略。然而，高氮、高有机质的餐厨垃圾在CLG过程中，容易因NOx（以HCN和NH3为前体）的排放而产生污染。因此，有必要研究氮的分布，实现餐厨垃圾资源化利用，减少环境危害。本研究以CLG大豆蛋白为模型化合物，与Cu-Fe和Ni-Fe氧载体（OCs）建立了“气-焦油-炭”氮分布框架。气态氮主要由NH3、HCN、NO和N2组成；焦油氮由腈、杂环和酰胺组成；炭氮包括蛋白质氮（42%）、无机铵氮（22%）、吡啶氮（19%）和吡咯氮（17%）。调节氧当量比、蒸汽含量和循环次数可引起氮污染物分布的动态变化：较高的氧当量比可提高气相NH3/HCN的去除率；oc催化焦油氮裂解降低了三种主要氮化合物的相对含量；随着氧当量比和蒸汽的增加，大豆蛋白炭中除吡咯氮外的所有氮形态均发生氧化裂解，而吡咯氮保持稳定，成为主要的炭氮形态。此外，XPS分析表明，蒸汽的引入显著提高了NH3/HCN的产率，而蒸汽含量的增加降低了含氮碳化合物的XPS峰强度。Cu-Fe oc和Ni-Fe oc在10次循环后都保持了较高的效率。本研究为含氮生物质废弃物的清洁、高效转化提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of lubricating oil and its blending ratios on diesel soot characteristics under different operating conditions 不同工况下润滑油及其掺合比对柴油油烟特性的影响

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138325

Daigeng Wu , Xingyu Liang , Yongdi He , Yonglin Yu , Jinqiu Li , Jia Yan , Yajun Wang

Exploring the oxidation mechanisms of lubricating oil-derived soot and optimizing oil formulations show a great significance for improving the regeneration efficiency of diesel particulate filter (DPF) and reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions. Based on engine bench, this study explores the influence of lubricating oil proportion and engine operating conditions on in-cylinder combustion characteristics. And the physicochemical properties and oxidation kinetics of derived soot are further analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), raman analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the Arrhenius model. The results show that the presence of oil reduces cylinder pressure and heat release rate. As the ratio increases, the mean temperature during the late combustion phase first decreases and then increases due to delayed soot oxidation. Regarding derived-soot properties, oil promotes the formation of more disordered particles, characterized by increased

A_{D 1}

/

A_{G}

, reduced fringe length (L_a) and activation energy (E_a). At high load (n₁₆₀₀L₇₅), the high-sulfur and high-sulfate-ash characteristics of the oil cause aliphatic C–H groups to be substituted by other groups such as C=O and C-OH, leading to a decrease in C–H and an increase in oxygenated functionalities. However, with further oil addition at this load level, soot oxidation is inhibited probably due to the occupation of C active sites by the increased inorganic salt particles originating from ash, producing the order of reactivity: 0.2% Oil > 0.5% Oil > Diesel. Additionally, this study discusses the relative contribution of different soot properties to oxidation reactivity under various conditions.

探索润滑油衍生烟尘的氧化机理，优化油品配方，对于提高柴油机微粒过滤器（DPF）的再生效率，降低颗粒物（PM）排放具有重要意义。本研究以发动机台架为基础，探讨了润滑油配比和发动机工况对缸内燃烧特性的影响。利用热重分析（TGA）、高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、拉曼分析（raman）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和Arrhenius模型进一步分析了衍生烟灰的理化性质和氧化动力学。结果表明，油的存在降低了气缸压力和放热速率。随着比例的增大，燃烧后期平均温度先降低后升高，这是由于煤烟氧化延迟造成的。在衍生烟尘的性质方面，油促进了无序颗粒的形成，其特征是AD1/AG增加，条纹长度（La）和活化能（Ea）减小。在高负荷（n1600L75）下，油的高硫和高硫酸盐灰分特性导致脂肪族C- h基团被C=O和C- oh等其他基团取代，导致C- h减少，氧合官能团增加。然而，在此负荷水平下，随着油的进一步添加，可能是由于来自灰的无机盐颗粒增加了C活性位点，从而抑制了烟灰氧化，产生了反应性的顺序：0.2% oil > 0.5% oil > Diesel。此外，本文还讨论了不同烟灰性质对不同条件下氧化反应性的相对贡献。

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引用次数: 0

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