IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138324

Tian Gu , Chengzhi Wang , Fengyu Gao , Qiumei Hou , Dong Zhao , Zhongliang Zhang

Fe-based catalysts have garnered considerable attention in NO_x abatement technologies owing to their eco-compatibility, economic viability, and exceptional performance in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with NH₃. This review critically synthesizes recent advancements in diverse Fe-based catalysts for NH₃-SCR applications. This study comprehensively evaluates the inherent catalytic properties and constraints of pristine FeO_x systems, followed by an in-depth investigation of synergistic interactions in multi-component Fe-based catalysts and the structure–activity correlations of supported Fe catalysts on various substrates. The catalytic behavior and mechanistic insights of Fe-zeolites and structurally tailored Fe-MOFs catalysts are subsequently evaluated, with particular attention to innovative design strategies and performance-enhancing modifications. Special emphasis is given to the critical modulation effects of CTAB-assisted synthesis, sulfidation treatment, synthesis route selection and condition optimization in tailoring the catalysts’ physicochemical signatures and SCR performance. Finally, addressing the prevailing challenges of complex flue gas composition, inadequate low-temperature activity and limited poison resistance in contemporary Fe-based SCR systems, this review advocates for concerted research efforts focusing on the development of multifunctional hybrid catalysts for synergistic abatement of multiple pollutants through synergistic material combinations, the engineering of operationally robust architectures for low-temperature flue gas in non-power industries, the atomic-level design of innovative active-site configurations guided by in-situ characterization techniques, and machine learning-assisted rational catalyst development. These interconnected strategies collectively establish a transformative pathway for advancing both fundamental understanding and practical implementation of Fe-based SCR technologies.

铁基催化剂由于其生态兼容性、经济可行性以及在NH3选择性催化还原（SCR）中的优异性能，在NOx减排技术中引起了相当大的关注。本文综述了不同铁基催化剂在NH3-SCR中的应用的最新进展。本研究全面评估了原始FeOx系统固有的催化性能和限制，随后深入研究了多组分铁基催化剂的协同作用以及不同底物上负载铁催化剂的结构-活性相关性。随后对fe -沸石和结构定制的Fe-MOFs催化剂的催化行为和机理进行了评估，特别关注创新的设计策略和性能增强的修改。重点讨论了ctab辅助合成、硫化处理、合成路线选择和条件优化对催化剂理化特性和SCR性能的调节作用。最后，针对当前基于铁的SCR系统中烟气成分复杂、低温活性不足和耐毒性有限的挑战，本综述提倡协调一致的研究工作，重点是开发多功能混合催化剂，通过协同材料组合协同减少多种污染物，为非电力行业的低温烟气设计可运行的强大架构，由原位表征技术和机器学习辅助的合理催化剂开发指导的创新活性位点配置的原子水平设计。这些相互关联的策略共同为推进基于铁的SCR技术的基本理解和实际实施建立了一条变革的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of different cold-liquid media treatments on coal oxidation kinetics and reignition mechanisms 不同冷液介质处理对煤氧化动力学及重燃机理的影响

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138364

Saiyi Gao, Bo Tan, Hao Lu, Liyang Gao, Shanqi Wang, Kuan Yang, Zixuan Jia

Residual coals at different oxidation stages remain in sealed fire zones of coal mines, and their interaction with cold-liquid media during the reopening of sealed areas can readily trigger coal reignition. To elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of this process, TG-DSC was employed to characterize the thermal behavior of coal samples subjected to water and liquid nitrogen treatments, while BET and FTIR analyses were conducted to reveal the associated physicochemical changes. The results indicate that, under equal treatment durations, liquid nitrogen promotes coal reignition more effectively than water, and the reignition tendency continues to intensify with increasing immersion time. Compared with water-treated coal, liquid nitrogen treatment decreases the ignition temperature by an average of 6.5 °C and reduces the temperature corresponding to the maximum weight-loss rate by 12.3 °C, while significantly enhancing exothermic intensity and markedly lowering the average apparent activation energy to approximately half that of the water-treated samples. Water immersion primarily promotes hydrogen-bond reorganization in oxidized coal, resulting in increased hydroxyl content and enrichment of polar oxygen-containing functional groups, which enhance oxygen affinity and chemical reactivity. In contrast, liquid nitrogen treatment mainly induces low-temperature frost cracking, leading to substantial increases in specific surface area and pore volume, while simultaneously breaking weak chemical bonds and generating abundant active free radicals, thereby accelerating oxidation reactions and heat accumulation. These findings demonstrate the higher reignition risk associated with liquid nitrogen treatment compared with conventional water immersion and provide a theoretical basis for understanding and preventing coal reignition in sealed fire zones.

不同氧化阶段的残煤残留在煤矿的密封火区中，在重新开启密封区时，残煤与冷液介质的相互作用很容易引发煤重燃。为了阐明这一过程的内在机制，采用TG-DSC表征了煤样在水和液氮处理下的热行为，并通过BET和FTIR分析揭示了相关的物理化学变化。结果表明：在相同处理时间下，液氮比水更能促进煤的重燃，且随着浸泡时间的增加，重燃趋势不断增强；与水处理煤相比，液氮处理煤的着火温度平均降低了6.5℃，最大失重速率对应的温度降低了12.3℃，放热强度显著增强，平均表观活化能显著降低，约为水处理煤的一半。水浸泡主要促进了氧化煤中氢键的重组，导致羟基含量增加，极性含氧官能团富集，增强了氧亲和性和化学反应活性。而液氮处理主要引起低温冻裂，导致比表面积和孔隙体积大幅增加，同时破坏弱化学键，产生大量活性自由基，从而加速氧化反应和热量积累。研究结果表明，与传统的水浸相比，液氮处理具有更高的再燃风险，为理解和防止密封火区的煤炭再燃提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Ammonia/methane flame interaction and NOx emission in a double-swirler burner 双旋流燃烧器中氨/甲烷火焰相互作用与NOx排放

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138356

Yuchen Zhou , Carl-Otto Olsson Sjögren , Leilei Xu , Zubayr O Hassan , AbdukRahman AlSuhaibani , Bandar H Solami , Aqil Jamal , Osamah Siddiqui , William L Roberts , Xue-Song Bai , Ayman M Elbaz

A double-swirler ammonia/methane co-flame burner was developed to enhance flame stability and reduce NOx emissions in ammonia combustion. In this system, a premixed ammonia/air mixture is introduced through the inner swirler, while a lean premixed methane/air flame from the outer swirler stabilizes the ammonia/air flame. Experimental results highlight that the Reynolds number of the outer methane/air flame strongly affects flame stability and NOx emissions under fuel-lean ammonia/air conditions. Higher Reynolds numbers increase the fuel supply and combustion power of the methane/air flame but paradoxically destabilize the flame and lead to higher NOx emissions. Numerical simulations reveal the mechanisms underlying these observations. While higher Reynolds numbers increase energy and turbulence in the outer flame, they also intensify shear layer dynamics and turbulence-induced flame stretch. These effects promote localized flame quenching, disrupting the flame structure despite the additional energy in the system. Local extinction of the outer flame at high Reynolds numbers allows unburned methane/air to mix with the inner ammonia/air stream. This mixing raises the concentration of H and OH radicals in the reaction zones, promoting NO formation via the HNO pathway (e.g., HNO + H = NO + H₂). To minimize NOx emissions in the double-swirler coflame burner, preventing local extinction and limiting partial mixing between the methane/air and ammonia/air streams are essential.

为了提高氨/甲烷燃烧的火焰稳定性，降低氨燃烧过程中NOx的排放，研制了一种双旋流器氨/甲烷共焰燃烧器。在该系统中，预混合的氨/空气混合物通过内部旋流器引入，而来自外部旋流器的稀薄预混合甲烷/空气火焰稳定氨/空气火焰。实验结果表明，在燃料稀薄的氨/空气条件下，外部甲烷/空气火焰的雷诺数对火焰稳定性和NOx排放有很大影响。更高的雷诺数增加了甲烷/空气火焰的燃料供应和燃烧功率，但矛盾的是，火焰不稳定，导致更高的氮氧化物排放。数值模拟揭示了这些观测结果背后的机制。高雷诺数增加了外火焰的能量和湍流，同时也加剧了剪切层动力学和湍流引起的火焰拉伸。这些影响促进局部火焰淬火，破坏火焰结构，尽管系统中有额外的能量。外部火焰在高雷诺数下的局部熄灭允许未燃烧的甲烷/空气与内部氨/气流混合。这种混合提高了反应区H和OH自由基的浓度，通过HNO途径促进NO的形成（例如，HNO + H = NO + H2）。为了最大限度地减少双旋流共焰燃烧器中的氮氧化物排放，防止局部熄灭并限制甲烷/空气和氨/空气流之间的部分混合至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking ketone dimerization efficiency with multifunctional Zr and Hf based UiO-66 and NUS-6 MOFs: A synergy of experiment and theory 基于Zr和Hf的多功能UiO-66和NUS-6 mof解锁酮二聚化效率：实验和理论的协同作用

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138301

Muhammad Kashif Majeed , Rashid Iqbal , M.Umar Majeed , Muhammad Akram , M.Zeeshan Ashfaq , Adil Saleem

Heterogeneous catalysis is highly desirable for the self-condensation of cyclohexanone, an important step in producing intermediates for fine chemicals and polymers. Conventional methods often rely on toxic reagents and long reaction times, limiting their industrial viability. In this study, Zr- and Hf-based metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66 and NUS-6) were developed as efficient, environmentally friendly catalysts for the self-condensation of cyclohexanone. Their high surface area and hierarchical porosity, combined with bifunctional Brønsted and Lewis acid sites introduced through partial linker substitution, enable excellent catalytic performance. UiO-66(Zr) achieved 81 % conversion in 6 h and 98 % in 48 h, while NUS-6(Zr) reached 85 % and 86 % under the same conditions, with high selectivity toward the desired dimer products. The catalysts also showed strong thermal stability and reusability, maintaining activity at elevated temperatures. This work demonstrates a sustainable catalytic pathway for cyclohexanone dimerization, avoiding corrosive chemicals while offering both efficiency and selectivity.

环己酮的自缩合是精细化工和聚合物中间体生产的重要步骤，多相催化是环己酮自缩合的重要手段。传统的方法往往依赖于有毒的试剂和较长的反应时间，限制了它们的工业可行性。在本研究中，开发了基于Zr和hf的金属有机骨架（UiO-66和NUS-6）作为环己酮自缩合的高效环保催化剂。它们的高表面积和分层孔隙度，加上通过部分连接剂取代引入的双功能Brønsted和Lewis酸位点，实现了优异的催化性能。UiO-66（Zr）在6 h和48 h的转化率分别达到81%和98%，而NUS-6（Zr）在相同条件下分别达到85%和86%，对所需的二聚体产物具有很高的选择性。催化剂还表现出很强的热稳定性和可重复使用性，在高温下保持活性。这项工作证明了环己酮二聚化的可持续催化途径，避免了腐蚀性化学物质，同时提供了效率和选择性。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect in co-hydrogenation of a lignite-derived ethanol solubles and vacuum residual under a novel in-situ reduced NiMo/Al-LDH catalyst for potential jet fuel 新型原位还原NiMo/Al-LDH催化下褐煤衍生乙醇可溶物与真空残渣共加氢的协同效应

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138328

Song Gao, Xuanlan Li, Zhanku Li, Jingchong Yan, Weidong Zhang, Zhicai Wang, Zhiping Lei, Shibiao Ren, Hengfu Shui

The individual and co-hydrogenation performances of lignite-derived ethanol solubles (LES) and vacuum residue (VR) over two distinct catalysts—NiMo/Al-LDH and NiMoS/γ-Al₂O₃—were comprehensively evaluated using cyclane content in the hexane-soluble (HS) fraction as the primary evaluation metric. The results revealed that the in-situ reduced NiMo/Al-LDH catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity for both individual and co-hydrogenation compared to the conventional NiMoS/γ-Al₂O₃. During co-hydrogenation over NiMo/Al-LDH under optimal conditions (320 °C, LES:VR mass ratio = 1:2), a pronounced synergistic effect was observed: the experimental cyclane content (EXP) reached 29.2 %, substantially exceeding the calculated value (CAL = 15.2 %). This 14.0 % enhancement (EXP-CAL) highlights the critical role of VR’s paraffinic components as effective hydrogen donors, which facilitate the dissolution and deep saturation of aromatic-rich LES, thereby promoting cyclane formation. In contrast, NiMoS/γ-Al₂O₃ showed markedly inferior performance (16.8 % EXP cyclane content, 6.5 % EXP-CAL). The exceptional activity of NiMo/Al-LDH is attributed to its unique structural and electronic features: (i) a well-preserved layered double hydroxide structure featuring abundant mesopores and high specific surface area, enhancing diffusion and accessibility of bulky molecules; (ii) strong electronic interaction between Ni and Mo; (iii) a high density of Lewis acid sites favorable for aromatic ring adsorption and activation; and (iv) the coexistence of highly active metallic Ni⁰ and NiMoO₄ phase. Conversely, the inferior performance of NiMoS/γ-Al₂O₃′s stems from incomplete reduction and predominance of less active nickel sulfide species.

以己烷可溶组分（HS）中环环含量为主要评价指标，综合评价了褐煤衍生乙醇可溶物（LES）和真空渣油（VR）在nimo /Al-LDH和NiMoS/γ- al2o3两种不同催化剂上的单氢和共加氢性能。结果表明，原位还原的NiMo/Al-LDH催化剂与传统的NiMoS/γ-Al2O3相比，具有更强的单键加氢和共加氢催化活性。在最佳条件下（320℃，LES:VR质量比= 1:2），在NiMo/Al-LDH上共加氢时，观察到明显的协同效应：实验环环含量（EXP）达到29.2%，大大超过计算值（CAL = 15.2%）。这14.0%的增强（ex - cal）突出了VR的石蜡组分作为有效的氢供体的关键作用，它促进了富芳香LES的溶解和深度饱和，从而促进了环的形成。相比之下，NiMoS/γ-Al2O3表现出明显较差的性能（EXP-环含量为16.8%，EXP- cal含量为6.5%）。NiMo/Al-LDH的优异活性归因于其独特的结构和电子特性：(1)保存完好的层状双氢氧化物结构，具有丰富的介孔和高比表面积，增强了大块分子的扩散和接近性；（ii） Ni和Mo之间的强电子相互作用；（iii）高密度的路易斯酸位点有利于芳香环的吸附和活化；(4)高活性金属Ni0和NiMoO4相共存。相反，NiMoS/γ-Al2O3的较差性能源于不完全还原和活性较低的硫化镍占主导地位。

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引用次数: 0

In-plane horizontally gradient LSCF-GDC cathode enabling increased air utilization for solid oxide fuel cell 平面内水平梯度LSCF-GDC阴极，提高固体氧化物燃料电池的空气利用率

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138336

Qi He , Linzheng Hu , Haoyu Zhao , Hongxia Qu , Qin Zhong , Tenglong Zhu

This study begins by investigating the electrochemical performance of La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ-Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95 (LSCF-GDC) composite cathodes with varying LSCF:GDC ratios under diverse operating conditions at the button-cell level. Subsequently, an in-plane horizontally graded LSCF-GDC composite cathode was fabricated on an industrial-sized (10 cm × 10 cm) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) via ultrasonic spraying technology. The compositionally graded cathode with varying LSCF-GDC weight ratios (70:30, 60:40, and 50:50) was prepared in sections from the gas inlet to the gas outlet, followed by comprehensive characterization of the cathode. Its electrochemical performance was systematically investigated under various operating conditions, including oxygen partial pressures (

p_{O_{2}}

) of 0.21–0.07 atm and air flow rates of 1–3 L·min⁻¹. Analyses from electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EIS) reveal that under oxygen-starving conditions (i.e., low air flow rates and low oxygen partial pressures), the horizontally gradient cathode exhibits a smaller low-frequency polarization resistance than a conventional uniform cathode. Specifically, the polarization resistance was reduced by 65 % under low air flow and by 35 % under low oxygen partial pressure conditions. Primarily attributed to the GDC-rich 50:50 segment at the outlet, that enhances oxygen vacancy conduction and suppresses concentration polarization under low oxygen partial pressure conditions, the 35 % reduction is a synergistic effect of the middle 60:40 and outlet 50:50 segments, which collectively optimize surface oxygen reduction reaction kinetics. This improved performance indicates that the in-plane horizontally gradient cathode architecture is a promising strategy for increasing air utilization, reducing parasitic power consumption, and ultimately enhancing overall SOFC system efficiency.

本研究首先考察了不同LSCF:GDC比的La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 （LSCF-GDC）复合阴极在纽扣电池水平不同工作条件下的电化学性能。随后，利用超声喷涂技术在工业尺寸（10 cm × 10 cm）固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）上制备了平面内水平梯度LSCF-GDC复合阴极。从进气口到出气口分段制备不同LSCF-GDC重量比（70:30、60:40和50:50）的成分梯度阴极，并对阴极进行综合表征。在氧分压（pO2）为0.21 ~ 0.07 atm、空气流量为1 ~ 3 L·min−1的条件下，系统地研究了其电化学性能。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析表明，在缺氧条件下（即低空气流速和低氧分压），水平梯度阴极比常规均匀阴极表现出更小的低频极化电阻。具体来说，在低气流条件下极化阻力降低65%，在低氧分压条件下极化阻力降低35%。35%的还原是中间60:40段和出口50:50段的协同作用，共同优化了表面氧还原反应动力学，这主要归功于出口50:50段富含gdc的50:50段在低氧分压条件下增强了氧空位传导，抑制了浓度极化。这种性能的提高表明，平面内水平梯度阴极结构是一种很有前途的策略，可以提高空气利用率，降低寄生功耗，最终提高SOFC系统的整体效率。

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引用次数: 0

Air stable expanded graphite and magnesium-based composite for hydrogen generation 空气稳定膨胀石墨和镁基复合材料制氢

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138397

Fengliang Tan , Kashif Naseem , Qi Zheng , Adnan Tahir , Guoquan Suo , Faryal Khalid , Acong Meng , Qin Fei , Zhanjun Chen , Iqbal Ahmad

Hydrogen (H₂) generation via hydrolysis of magnesium-based alloys is significant due to abundant resources, cost-efficient and environmental friendly by-products but the formation of passive layers on the unreacted materials hinders the substantial technique. Exploring the effective modification of magnesium-based alloys, we can improve the initial hydrolysis kinetics and increase H₂ generation rate. In this work, expanded graphite (EG) is used as a catalysts to activate Al₁₂Mg₁₇ alloys. Hydrolytic activation energy is used to study the effect of catalysts with solution on the H₂ production of Al₁₂Mg₁₇. Here, we employed ball milling technique to introduce EG in Al₁₂Mg₁₇. Due to the fold-shape like structural of EG which can easily coated on the surface of hydrolytic material during milling and the potential of catalysts to prevent cold-welding and to optimize milling efficiency to decrease particle size, Al₁₂Mg₁₇ produces a higher H₂ yield. At 25 °C, Al₁₂Mg₁₇-10 wt%EG composites produced 954.2 mLg⁻¹ H₂ yield within 5 min, respectively. Furthermore, even in an ambient environment with a relative humidity of 48 %, the Al₁₂Mg₁₇-EG composite demonstrated excellent air-stable ability. In practical applications, Mg-based materials may be stored and transferred securely, 3 h milled Al₁₂Mg₁₇-10 wt%EG composites maintained a 91.3 % fuel conversion after 96 h of air exposure. This work provides an effective approach for the synthesis of lightweight material and their catalytic effects for H₂ generation via hydrolysis.

镁基合金水解制氢具有丰富的资源、经济高效和环境友好的副产品，但未反应材料上的钝化层的形成阻碍了该技术的发展。探索对镁基合金进行有效改性，可以改善初始水解动力学，提高H2生成速率。在这项工作中，膨胀石墨（EG）被用作催化剂来激活Al12Mg17合金。利用水解活化能研究了溶液催化剂对Al12Mg17制氢的影响。本文采用球磨技术在Al12Mg17中引入EG。Al12Mg17的H2产率较高，因为其具有类似折叠的结构，在铣削过程中容易包覆在水解材料表面，并且催化剂具有防止冷焊和优化铣削效率以减小粒径的潜力。在25°C下，Al12Mg17-10 wt%EG复合材料在5 min内分别产生954.2 mLg−1 H2产率。此外，即使在相对湿度为48%的环境中，Al12Mg17-EG复合材料也表现出优异的空气稳定性。在实际应用中，镁基材料可以安全地储存和转移，3小时研磨Al12Mg17-10 wt%EG复合材料在空气暴露96小时后保持91.3%的燃料转化率。本研究为轻质材料的合成及其对水解制氢的催化作用提供了有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Emission characteristics of typical pollutants during methanol spray combustion in a boiler burner 锅炉燃烧器甲醇喷雾燃烧过程中典型污染物的排放特性

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138322

Yue Lyu , Yingle Zhuang , Zisheng Wang , Haiyu Liu , Juntian Niu , Yonghong Yan , Yan Jin , Zhiqiang Wu

Methanol (CH₃OH) is one of the most promising clean alternative fuels that contribute to achieving the “dual carbon” goals and reducing environmental pollution. However, the exhaust emissions of CH₃OH spray combustion in industrial burners remain unclear. In this study, the temperature distribution characteristics within combustion chamber and the emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and formaldehyde (CH₂O) during CH₃OH spray combustion were scientifically investigated. Increasing equivalence ratio, injection pressure, and initial fuel temperature all raise the temperature within combustion chamber, but they also promote the formation of thermal NOx. CO emission is controlled by combustion stability and mixing state. It is lower at equivalence ratio of 0.7–0.8; increasing injection pressure and fuel temperature reduce CO emission. The sensitivity of CH₂O emission to the equivalence ratio is low, while it decreases with the increase in injection pressure and initial fuel temperature, indicating CH₂O emission is controlled by the mixing state. Due to the competitive relationship between reducing incomplete combustion products (CO, CH₂O) and suppressing thermal NOx, a multi-parameter synergistic optimization strategy should be adopted in practical applications. Furthermore, the formation and consumption mechanism of CH₂O was further explored using CHEMKIN PRO software. The formation of CH₂O occurs through the dehydrogenation reaction of CH₃OH. The consumption of CH₂O predominantly follows CH₂O → HCO → CO → CO₂. CH₃OH + OH = CH₂OH + H₂O and CH₂O + OH → HCO + H₂O are the primary elementary reactions influenced CH₂O emission.

甲醇（CH3OH）是最有前途的清洁替代燃料之一，有助于实现“双碳”目标和减少环境污染。然而，工业燃烧器中CH3OH喷雾燃烧的废气排放情况尚不清楚。本研究对CH3OH喷雾燃烧过程中燃烧室内温度分布特征以及氮氧化物（NOx）、一氧化碳（CO）和甲醛（CH2O）的排放特征进行了科学研究。增加当量比、喷射压力和燃料初始温度都提高了燃烧室内的温度，但也促进了热NOx的形成。CO的排放受燃烧稳定性和混合状态的控制。当量比为0.7 ~ 0.8时较低；提高喷射压力和燃油温度可降低CO排放。CH2O排放对当量比的敏感性较低，随喷射压力和燃料初始温度的升高而降低，表明CH2O排放受混合状态控制。由于还原不完全燃烧产物（CO、CH2O）与抑制热态NOx之间存在竞争关系，在实际应用中应采用多参数协同优化策略。利用CHEMKIN PRO软件进一步探讨CH2O的形成和消耗机理。CH2O是通过CH3OH的脱氢反应生成的。CH2O的消耗以CH2O→HCO→CO→CO2为主。CH3OH + OH = CH2OH + H2O和CH2O + OH→HCO + H2O是影响CH2O排放的主要元素反应。

{"title":"Emission characteristics of typical pollutants during methanol spray combustion in a boiler burner","authors":"Yue Lyu , Yingle Zhuang , Zisheng Wang , Haiyu Liu , Juntian Niu , Yonghong Yan , Yan Jin , Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH) is one of the most promising clean alternative fuels that contribute to achieving the “dual carbon” goals and reducing environmental pollution. However, the exhaust emissions of CH<sub>3</sub>OH spray combustion in industrial burners remain unclear. In this study, the temperature distribution characteristics within combustion chamber and the emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O) during CH<sub>3</sub>OH spray combustion were scientifically investigated. Increasing equivalence ratio, injection pressure, and initial fuel temperature all raise the temperature within combustion chamber, but they also promote the formation of thermal NOx. CO emission is controlled by combustion stability and mixing state. It is lower at equivalence ratio of 0.7–0.8; increasing injection pressure and fuel temperature reduce CO emission. The sensitivity of CH<sub>2</sub>O emission to the equivalence ratio is low, while it decreases with the increase in injection pressure and initial fuel temperature, indicating CH<sub>2</sub>O emission is controlled by the mixing state. Due to the competitive relationship between reducing incomplete combustion products (CO, CH<sub>2</sub>O) and suppressing thermal NOx, a multi-parameter synergistic optimization strategy should be adopted in practical applications. Furthermore, the formation and consumption mechanism of CH<sub>2</sub>O was further explored using CHEMKIN PRO software. The formation of CH<sub>2</sub>O occurs through the dehydrogenation reaction of CH<sub>3</sub>OH. The consumption of CH<sub>2</sub>O predominantly follows CH<sub>2</sub>O → HCO → CO → CO<sub>2</sub>. CH<sub>3</sub>OH + OH = CH<sub>2</sub>OH + H<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>2</sub>O + OH → HCO + H<sub>2</sub>O are the primary elementary reactions influenced CH<sub>2</sub>O emission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"414 ","pages":"Article 138322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges and prospects of primary alcohols as global transport fuels 一次醇作为全球运输燃料的挑战和前景

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138177

Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Vikram Kumar, Akhilendra Pratap Singh

Rapidly depleting petroleum reserves are a significant concern for the energy sector, especially transportation, which primarily relies on petroleum-derived fuels. Alternative fuels are one solution to address these issues in the transportation sector. Primary alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol) are renewable and potential alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. Methanol and ethanol, which have a higher octane number than gasoline, can be used directly in the spark-ignited (SI) engines. However, alcohol-fueled compression ignition (CI) engines require modifications to the engine hardware and advanced combustion technology. Alcohol-fueled engines also reduce the particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. This review paper discusses the production and properties of various alcohols, as well as the technologies available for utilising primary alcohols as fuels in the transportation sector. The combustion, performance, and emission characterisation of alcohol-fueled engines are discussed. PM emissions and their health and environmental impacts are also included in this review paper. Finally, the cost estimation of different alcohol applications in SI and CI engines is discussed, followed by an overview of the way forward for alcohol as a future transportation fuel and its commercialisation potential.

石油储量迅速枯竭是能源部门，特别是主要依赖石油衍生燃料的运输业的一个重大关切。替代燃料是解决交通部门这些问题的一个解决方案。伯醇（如甲醇、乙醇和丁醇）是可再生的和潜在的内燃机替代燃料。甲醇和乙醇的辛烷值比汽油高，可直接用于火花点火（SI）发动机。然而，酒精燃料压缩点火（CI）发动机需要修改发动机硬件和先进的燃烧技术。酒精燃料发动机还可以减少颗粒物（PM）和氮氧化物（NOx）的排放。本文综述了各种醇的生产和性质，以及在交通运输领域利用一次醇作为燃料的技术。讨论了酒精燃料发动机的燃烧、性能和排放特性。本审查文件还包括PM排放及其对健康和环境的影响。最后，讨论了在SI和CI发动机中不同酒精应用的成本估算，然后概述了酒精作为未来运输燃料的前进道路及其商业化潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Morphology regulation of SBA-15 confined Co-Mo oxides catalyst via a synergetic etching strategy for enhanced oxidative desulfurization 通过协同蚀刻策略调控SBA-15约束Co-Mo氧化物催化剂的形态以增强氧化脱硫

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138351

Beibei Zhang , Pengpeng Fan , Lingchao Xu , Xiongyi Yao , Dongao Zhu , Jing He , Chunyan Dai , Wenshuai Zhu , Huaming Li , Wei Jiang

Porous materials are usually employed as supports for fabricating heterogenous catalysts. However, the dispersion of the active sites is limited due to the common impregnation method. Herein, SBA-15 confined Co-Mo oxides catalyst was prepared using a synergetic etching strategy for oxidative desulfurization of fuels. Moreover, cobalt molybdate (CoMoO) is confirmed to be formed in situ during the synthetic process and highly dispersed on the surface of SBA-15. Compared to SiO₂ spheres with low surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images verify that the mesoporous channels are beneficial to the morphology regulation of SBA-15. As a result, the catalyst CoMoO/SBA-15 exhibits better catalytic performance, achieving 100% sulfur removal for various sulfur compounds, including dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT), and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). The desulfurization mechanism was proposed through radical scavenger experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis.

多孔材料通常用作制备多相催化剂的载体。然而，由于常用的浸渍方法，活性位点的分散受到限制。本文采用协同蚀刻策略制备了SBA-15限制性Co-Mo氧化物催化剂，用于燃料的氧化脱硫。此外，在合成过程中，钼酸钴（CoMoO）在SBA-15表面原位形成并高度分散。扫描电镜（SEM）结果表明，与低比表面积的SiO2球相比，介孔通道有利于SBA-15的形态调控。结果表明，CoMoO/SBA-15催化剂表现出较好的催化性能，对二苯并噻吩（DBT）、4-甲基二苯并噻吩（4- mdbt）、4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6- dmdbt）等多种含硫化合物均能达到100%的脱硫效果。通过自由基清除剂实验、电子自旋共振（ESR）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析，提出了脱硫机理。

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引用次数: 0

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