Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134741
Sabuj Chandra Sutradhar, Wansu Bae, Subeen Song, Kijong Joo, Hyewon Na, Jiye Lee, Whangi Kim, Hohyoun Jang
This study aims to enhance proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance by synthesizing and characterizing sulfonyl imide-based poly(benzoyl diphenyl benzene) (SI-PBDPB) membranes. The objective is to develop ether-free SI-PBDPB polymers with dibenzoyl functionalities, using Ni/Zn catalysts, to improve conductivity, flexibility, chemical and mechanical integrity. These membranes exhibit superior ion exchange capacity (IEC) ranging from 0.98 to 1.78 meq/g and water uptake between 8.11 % and 48.48 %. Notably, the SI-PBDPB-40 membrane achieves exceptional proton conductivity of 118.61 mS/cm and a maximum power density of 0.63 W/cm2, outperforming Nafion 211® benchmarks of 104.5 mS/cm and 0.59 W/cm2. The sulfonyl imide groups enhance chemical resistance and facilitate efficient proton transport through distinct hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase separation. The thermal, mechanical, and chemical integrity of the SI-PBDPB membranes is confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile test, and Fenton’s reagent test, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals well-defined ionic channels that contribute to their elevated proton conduction. These findings position SI-PBDPB membranes as promising candidates for next-generation PEMFCs.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of fluoro sulfonyl imide-based poly(benzoyl diphenyl benzene) membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Sabuj Chandra Sutradhar, Wansu Bae, Subeen Song, Kijong Joo, Hyewon Na, Jiye Lee, Whangi Kim, Hohyoun Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to enhance proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance by synthesizing and characterizing sulfonyl imide-based poly(benzoyl diphenyl benzene) (SI-PBDPB) membranes. The objective is to develop ether-free SI-PBDPB polymers with dibenzoyl functionalities, using Ni/Zn catalysts, to improve conductivity, flexibility, chemical and mechanical integrity. These membranes exhibit superior ion exchange capacity (IEC) ranging from 0.98 to 1.78 meq/g and water uptake between 8.11 % and 48.48 %. Notably, the SI-PBDPB-40 membrane achieves exceptional proton conductivity of 118.61 mS/cm and a maximum power density of 0.63 W/cm2, outperforming Nafion 211® benchmarks of 104.5 mS/cm and 0.59 W/cm2. The sulfonyl imide groups enhance chemical resistance and facilitate efficient proton transport through distinct hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase separation. The thermal, mechanical, and chemical integrity of the SI-PBDPB membranes is confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile test, and Fenton’s reagent test, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals well-defined ionic channels that contribute to their elevated proton conduction. These findings position SI-PBDPB membranes as promising candidates for next-generation PEMFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134741"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134730
Pedro Ventin , Magín Lapuerta , Felipe A. Torres , Ednildo A. Torres , Juan José Hernández
Blending bioalcohols with conventional fuels can nowadays be considered as a means to introduce a renewable fraction and, at the same time, reduce particle emissions in internal combustion engines. As far as the blending fraction is optimized, the resulting blend can be considered as a drop-in fuel, since no engine modifications are required. However, the engine performance has rarely been evaluated under real driving conditions. This study evaluates the use of short and long-chain alcohols (ethanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol) in blends with diesel fuel under transient conditions, following the WLTC cycle, while keeping a similar cetane number and/or oxygen content. The selection of the volume fraction of these alcohols was based on keeping the derived cetane number constant (except in the case of ethanol blend) to isolate the effect of the chemical structure of the alcohol. The results revealed that the physicochemical properties of alcohols, such as the latent heat of vaporization, the oxygen content, and the type of carbon atoms (primary, secondary, or tertiary) directly influence autoignition time, combustion efficiency, and pollutant emissions. It was noted that alcohols with longer chains present better compatibility with diesel, resulting in high fossil fuel substitution and a reduction in particle emission (both in mass and number) when compared to diesel fuel. On the other hand, short chains alcohol, despite being widely available and inexpensive, present limitations due to its low cetane number and high volatility, impacting ignition delay and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions, especially at the low speed phase. The results show that blend D80EH20 (80% diesel and 20% 2-ethylhexanol by vol.) present promising fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, despite the presence of the ethyl group contributes to increase particle emissions, although these effects were minimized at higher in-cylinder temperatures (medium, high and extra-high speed phases). This study provides a basis for future research seeking to optimize the use of alcohols in diesel engines, considering dynamic operating conditions.
{"title":"Impact of the alcohol chemical structure on pollutant emissions of a diesel engine under real driving conditions","authors":"Pedro Ventin , Magín Lapuerta , Felipe A. Torres , Ednildo A. Torres , Juan José Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blending bioalcohols with conventional fuels can nowadays be considered as a means to introduce a renewable fraction and, at the same time, reduce particle emissions in internal combustion engines. As far as the blending fraction is optimized, the resulting blend can be considered as a drop-in fuel, since no engine modifications are required. However, the engine performance has rarely been evaluated under real driving conditions. This study evaluates the use of short and long-chain alcohols (ethanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol) in blends with diesel fuel under transient conditions, following the WLTC cycle, while keeping a similar cetane number and/or oxygen content. The selection of the volume fraction of these alcohols was based on keeping the derived cetane number constant (except in the case of ethanol blend) to isolate the effect of the chemical structure of the alcohol. The results revealed that the physicochemical properties of alcohols, such as the latent heat of vaporization, the oxygen content, and the type of carbon atoms (primary, secondary, or tertiary) directly influence autoignition time, combustion efficiency, and pollutant emissions. It was noted that alcohols with longer chains present better compatibility with diesel, resulting in high fossil fuel substitution and a reduction in particle emission (both in mass and number) when compared to diesel fuel. On the other hand, short chains alcohol, despite being widely available and inexpensive, present limitations due to its low cetane number and high volatility, impacting ignition delay and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions, especially at the low speed phase. The results show that blend D80EH20 (80% diesel and 20% 2-ethylhexanol by vol.) present promising fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, despite the presence of the ethyl group contributes to increase particle emissions, although these effects were minimized at higher in-cylinder temperatures (medium, high and extra-high speed phases). This study provides a basis for future research seeking to optimize the use of alcohols in diesel engines, considering dynamic operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134559
Yingjie Wang , Dianchen Feng , Wenfeng Meng , Qiuzhuo Nie , Tingting Zhai , Zeming Yuan , Yanghuan Zhang
Among solid hydrogen storage materials, MgH2 possesses abundant resources, low cost, and a high hydrogen storage capacity. Nonetheless, its elevated hydrogen desorption temperature and sluggish hydrogen desorption kinetics constrain its practical application. This study presents the preparation of a low-cost VMnFeCoNi single-phase high-entropy alloy using mechanical ball milling and powder metallurgy to reduce the hydrogen absorption and desorption temperature of MgH2 to enhance its dehydrogenation kinetics. The findings indicate that incorporating high-entropy alloy VMnFeCoNi into MgH2 markedly lowers the dehydrogenation temperature, enhances the dehydrogenation rate, and diminishes the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH2. Utilising XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses of the microstructure, the VMnFeCoNi nanoparticles synthesised via wet ball milling are uniformly dispersed across the MgH2 matrix surface, offering numerous active sites for MgH2. The transition metal elements significantly attract hydrogen atoms and enhance hydrogen desorption on the surface of MgH2 by including 5 wt%. The initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 is 493 K, with the activation energy for dehydrogenation decreasing from 154.60 kJ/mol H2 to 93.67 kJ/mol H2, and hydrogen absorption can occur at 473 K and 3.5 MPa hydrogen pressure. The hydrogen absorption capacity attains 5.651 wt%. The saturated hydrogen absorption capacity is 6.144 wt% at 613 K and 3.5 MPa hydrogen pressure, achieving 91.43 % of this capacity within 1 min. The saturation hydrogen desorption quantity at 613 K is 6.056 wt%, with 78.24 % of this quantity desorbed within 20 min.
{"title":"Improvement of dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH2 with VMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy","authors":"Yingjie Wang , Dianchen Feng , Wenfeng Meng , Qiuzhuo Nie , Tingting Zhai , Zeming Yuan , Yanghuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among solid hydrogen storage materials, MgH<sub>2</sub> possesses abundant resources, low cost, and a high hydrogen storage capacity. Nonetheless, its elevated hydrogen desorption temperature and sluggish hydrogen desorption kinetics constrain its practical application. This study presents the preparation of a low-cost VMnFeCoNi single-phase high-entropy alloy using mechanical ball milling and powder metallurgy to reduce the hydrogen absorption and desorption temperature of MgH<sub>2</sub> to enhance its dehydrogenation kinetics. The findings indicate that incorporating high-entropy alloy VMnFeCoNi into MgH<sub>2</sub> markedly lowers the dehydrogenation temperature, enhances the dehydrogenation rate, and diminishes the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH<sub>2</sub>. Utilising XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses of the microstructure, the VMnFeCoNi nanoparticles synthesised via wet ball milling are uniformly dispersed across the MgH<sub>2</sub> matrix surface, offering numerous active sites for MgH<sub>2</sub>. The transition metal elements significantly attract hydrogen atoms and enhance hydrogen desorption on the surface of MgH<sub>2</sub> by including 5 wt%. The initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH<sub>2</sub> is 493 K, with the activation energy for dehydrogenation decreasing from 154.60 kJ/mol H<sub>2</sub> to 93.67 kJ/mol H<sub>2</sub>, and hydrogen absorption can occur at 473 K and 3.5 MPa hydrogen pressure. The hydrogen absorption capacity attains 5.651 wt%. The saturated hydrogen absorption capacity is 6.144 wt% at 613 K and 3.5 MPa hydrogen pressure, achieving 91.43 % of this capacity within 1 min. The saturation hydrogen desorption quantity at 613 K is 6.056 wt%, with 78.24 % of this quantity desorbed within 20 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134753
Mingjing Fan, Yu Zhang, Haoze Wang, Hao Wang, Youjun Lu
The supercritical water diluted flamelet generated manifolds (SCWD-FGM) model was newly developed for three-stream hydrothermal combustion systems. It was comprehensively compared with the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) model by modeling a wall-cooled reactor. The results showed that the SCWD-FGM model can predict the mixing of fuel, oxidizer, and cooling water similar to the PaSR model by introducing the dilution variable. The peak temperature along the central axis predicted by the SCWD-FGM model is slightly lower than the PaSR model under adiabatic conditions due to different treatments of turbulent effects and the limited resolution of the SCWD-FGM table. The temperature profiles at 3 mm and 4 mm from the central axis predicted by the two combustion models under non-adiabatic conditions agree with the experiment data. The SCWD-FGM model can predict most species concentrations similarly to the PaSR model except for HO2 and H2O2 radicals. The effect of radiation modeling is similar for the two combustion models since they only affect the radiative source term through the calculated local temperatures. The computational cost for the SCWD-FGM model is 11.2 % of that required for the PaSR model under adiabatic conditions and 14.9 % under non-adiabatic conditions.
{"title":"Numerical modeling of hydrogen hydrothermal combustion in a wall-cooled reactor: Comparison of SCWD-FGM and PaSR models","authors":"Mingjing Fan, Yu Zhang, Haoze Wang, Hao Wang, Youjun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The supercritical water diluted flamelet generated manifolds (SCWD-FGM) model was newly developed for three-stream hydrothermal combustion systems. It was comprehensively compared with the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) model by modeling a wall-cooled reactor. The results showed that the SCWD-FGM model can predict the mixing of fuel, oxidizer, and cooling water similar to the PaSR model by introducing the dilution variable. The peak temperature along the central axis predicted by the SCWD-FGM model is slightly lower than the PaSR model under adiabatic conditions due to different treatments of turbulent effects and the limited resolution of the SCWD-FGM table. The temperature profiles at 3 mm and 4 mm from the central axis predicted by the two combustion models under non-adiabatic conditions agree with the experiment data. The SCWD-FGM model can predict most species concentrations similarly to the PaSR model except for HO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> radicals. The effect of radiation modeling is similar for the two combustion models since they only affect the radiative source term through the calculated local temperatures. The computational cost for the SCWD-FGM model is 11.2 % of that required for the PaSR model under adiabatic conditions and 14.9 % under non-adiabatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134753"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of granular NiMo bulk catalysts with Ni/Mo molar ratio – 0.5–2.0, and alumina as a binder was prepared by the spray drying of Ni-Mo-citrate solution followed by calcination, plasticizing and granulation. The samples were characterized by a variety of techniques (N2 physisorption, XRD, UV–vis DRS, IR spectroscopy, STEM, EDS and XPS). The catalytic activity was evaluated in the hydrotreating of SRVGO, carried out in a fixed bed reactor at P = 5.0 MPa, volume ratio H2/SRVGO = 600 Nm3/m3, WHSV = 1.5 h−1, T1 = 360 °C, T2 = 380 °C. The investigation techniques data show that the catalysts with low Ni/Mo molar ratio contain amorphous phases, AlOOH and crystal NiMoO4. After sulfiding, it results in the formation of bulk spherical particles of MoS2 and some MoS2 being distributed over alumina binder in sulfide catalysts. Ni is distributed on the inner part of the formed MoS2 or as NiMoS phase. When Ni content increases, the catalysts mostly contain amorphous Ni-Mo phase and some crystallite Mo-containing phase (Ni/Mo molar ratio of 2), spherical particles lose their «correct» spherical shape and Ni particles become much bigger. It also leads to the collapse of catalyst’s texture. XPS data show correlation between NiNiMoS/Mo4+ and rate constant of HDS reactions. According to residual S content, the highest HDS volume activity was observed for the catalyst with Ni/Mo molar ratio of 1/1 at both process temperatures. The values of residual N content correlate well with residual S content in hydrotreating products.
{"title":"New insights into the formation of bulk NiMo hydrotreating catalysts: Influence of the Ni/Mo molar ratio","authors":"K.A. Nadeina , Yu.V. Vatutina , P.P. Mukhacheva , S.V. Budukva , M.A. Panafidin , I.G. Danilova , V.P. Pakharukova , E.Yu. Gerasimov , V.S. Krestyaninova , O.V. Klimov , A.S. Noskov","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of granular NiMo bulk catalysts with Ni/Mo molar ratio – 0.5–2.0, and alumina as a binder was prepared by the spray drying of Ni-Mo-citrate solution followed by calcination, plasticizing and granulation. The samples were characterized by a variety of techniques (N<sub>2</sub> physisorption, XRD, UV–vis DRS, IR spectroscopy, STEM, EDS and XPS)<em>.</em> The catalytic activity was evaluated in the hydrotreating of SRVGO, carried out in a fixed bed reactor at P = 5.0 MPa, volume ratio H<sub>2</sub>/SRVGO = 600 Nm<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>, WHSV = 1.5 h<sup>−1</sup>, T<sub>1</sub> = 360 °C, T<sub>2</sub> = 380 °C. The investigation techniques data show that the catalysts with low Ni/Mo molar ratio contain amorphous phases, AlOOH and crystal NiMoO<sub>4</sub>. After sulfiding, it results in the formation of bulk spherical particles of MoS<sub>2</sub> and some MoS<sub>2</sub> being distributed over alumina binder in sulfide catalysts. Ni is distributed on the inner part of the formed MoS<sub>2</sub> or as NiMoS phase. When Ni content increases, the catalysts mostly contain amorphous Ni-Mo phase and some crystallite Mo-containing phase (Ni/Mo molar ratio of 2), spherical particles lose their «correct» spherical shape and Ni particles become much bigger. It also leads to the collapse of catalyst’s texture. XPS data show correlation between Ni<sup>NiMoS</sup>/Mo<sup>4+</sup> and rate constant of HDS reactions. According to residual S content, the highest HDS volume activity was observed for the catalyst with Ni/Mo molar ratio of 1/1 at both process temperatures. The values of residual N content correlate well with residual S content in hydrotreating products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134750"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738
Anne Lichtinger , Maximilian J. Poller , Olaf Schröder , Julian Türck , Thomas Garbe , Jürgen Krahl , Markus Jakob , Jakob Albert
Solketal and oxymethylene ether (OME) are two promising blending candidates for regenerative fuels (e-fuels), which could contribute to a holistic solution to the energy crisis. In this study the thermo-oxidative aging of these two e-fuels in their pure form as well as in binary mixtures with different ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) (vol%) is investigated. Herein, the reaction networks of the thermo-oxidative aging process of both e-fuels and mixtures thereof is elucidated based on intermediates and decomposition products determined via GC–MS. Furthermore, changes of important fuel-specific parameters like kinematic viscosity and density as well as total acid number during aging have been determined. The 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture exhibits a higher stability to thermo-oxidative aging than the pure fuel components or mixtures with other ratios. The viscosity value of this mixture is within the DIN EN 590 norm after accelerated aging of 72 h (viscosity (72 h) = 4.25 mm2/s)) unlike other blends. The maximum value of the total acid number of this aged mixture reaches only ∼ 29 % of the maximum value of aged pure OME and has the lowest value of all mixtures. Furthermore, the formation of a precipitate could be successfully suppressed in the 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture different from other mixtures. With these findings, this study contributes to the design of new sustainable fuels for the transport sector.
{"title":"Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels","authors":"Anne Lichtinger , Maximilian J. Poller , Olaf Schröder , Julian Türck , Thomas Garbe , Jürgen Krahl , Markus Jakob , Jakob Albert","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solketal and oxymethylene ether (OME) are two promising blending candidates for regenerative fuels (e-fuels), which could contribute to a holistic solution to the energy crisis. In this study the thermo-oxidative aging of these two e-fuels in their pure form as well as in binary mixtures with different ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) (vol%) is investigated. Herein, the reaction networks of the thermo-oxidative aging process of both e-fuels and mixtures thereof is elucidated based on intermediates and decomposition products determined via GC–MS. Furthermore, changes of important fuel-specific parameters like kinematic viscosity and density as well as total acid number during aging have been determined. The 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture exhibits a higher stability to thermo-oxidative aging than the pure fuel components or mixtures with other ratios. The viscosity value of this mixture is within the DIN EN 590 norm after accelerated aging of 72 h (viscosity (72 h) = 4.25 mm<sup>2</sup>/s)) unlike other blends. The maximum value of the total acid number of this aged mixture reaches only ∼ 29 % of the maximum value of aged pure OME and has the lowest value of all mixtures. Furthermore, the formation of a precipitate could be successfully suppressed in the 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture different from other mixtures. With these findings, this study contributes to the design of new sustainable fuels for the transport sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134740
Guanchu Lu , Sarah Farrukh , Xianfeng Fan
Amine-based absorption/desorption systems are a well-established method for CO2 capture process due to their fast absorption rates, high CO2 loading, and recyclability. However, the significant drawback is the high energy required for solvent regeneration and heavily water evaporation significantly limits their efficiency. To overcome this, non-aqueous CO2 absorbents have been developed as an alternative, offering advantages such as thermal stability, high absorption capacity, and reduced energy consumption compared to traditional aqueous amine systems. Consequently, research focuses on developing cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable non-aqueous absorbents. This review summarizes findings from 2011 to 2024 on CO2 capture which employing non-aqueous absorbents, including absorption performance, mechanisms, energy consumption, and challenges. The first section examines amine-based non-aqueous solutions, encompassing single and blended amine absorbents. The second section explores CO2 binding liquids, and phase-changed amine absorbents. Energy consumption and operational cost comparisons among non-aqueous absorbents in different systems were conducted due to its critical importance. In conclusion, this review highlights the advantages, challenges, and potential of non-aqueous absorbents in CO2 capture. Addressing energy consumption issues and pursuing sustainable alternatives contribute to progress in carbon capture for mitigating climate change. Future research should prioritize optimizing non-aqueous systems to balance energy savings, cost-effectiveness, and scalability to combat climate change effectively.
{"title":"Research progress of non-aqueous absorbents for carbon dioxide capture with low energy consumption: A review","authors":"Guanchu Lu , Sarah Farrukh , Xianfeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amine-based absorption/desorption systems are a well-established method for CO<sub>2</sub> capture process due to their fast absorption rates, high CO<sub>2</sub> loading, and recyclability. However, the significant drawback is the high energy required for solvent regeneration and heavily water evaporation significantly limits their efficiency. To overcome this, non-aqueous CO<sub>2</sub> absorbents have been developed as an alternative, offering advantages such as thermal stability, high absorption capacity, and reduced energy consumption compared to traditional aqueous amine systems. Consequently, research focuses on developing cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable non-aqueous absorbents. This review summarizes findings from <strong>2011</strong> to <strong>2024</strong> on CO<sub>2</sub> capture which employing non-aqueous absorbents, including absorption performance, mechanisms, energy consumption, and challenges. The first section examines amine-based non-aqueous solutions, encompassing single and blended amine absorbents. The second section explores CO<sub>2</sub> binding liquids, and phase-changed amine absorbents. Energy consumption and operational cost comparisons among non-aqueous absorbents in different systems were conducted due to its critical importance. In conclusion, this review highlights the advantages, challenges, and potential of non-aqueous absorbents in CO<sub>2</sub> capture. Addressing energy consumption issues and pursuing sustainable alternatives contribute to progress in carbon capture for mitigating climate change. Future research should prioritize optimizing non-aqueous systems to balance energy savings, cost-effectiveness, and scalability to combat climate change effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134740"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134762
Diakaridia Sangaré , Mario Moscosa-Santillan , Verónica Belandria , Jérémy Valette , Alejandro De la Cruz Martínez , Laurent Van De Steene , Stéphane Bostyn
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to investigate the pyrolysis multi-step kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass, focusing on agave bagasse (AB), including drying, devolatilization, and secondary reactions such as tar cracking and the subsequent char gasification reactivity (both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction).
The pyrolysis was carried out between 100 and 1000 °C. During this process, the release of non-condensable gases such as H2, CH4, CO, and CO2, as well as the evolution of char and its composition in terms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ash content, were simulated and validated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The simulation results showed that the char produced at temperatures above 700 °C primarily consisted of carbon and ash, with values above 72.85 wt% and 12.39 wt%, confirmed by experimental data. Subsequently, the pyrolysis process was followed by both isothermal and non-isothermal partial oxidation reactions with air. In the non-isothermal oxidation was conducted between 700 and 1000 °C, the influence of heating rate on both gaseous and char products was examined, while in the isothermal oxidation was carried out at 850, 900, 950, and 1000 °C, the reactivity index and the peak temperature were examined to express the oxidation reactivity. The CFD results show that the reactivity rate of chars increases proportionally from 0.0080 min−1 at 850 °C to 0.0129 min−1 at 1000 °C. The models used for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions accurately predicted the experimental results of the evolution of the gas and char products during the oxidation under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions studied.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of multi-step kinetics of biomass pyrolysis applied to agave bagasse and char oxidation reactivity","authors":"Diakaridia Sangaré , Mario Moscosa-Santillan , Verónica Belandria , Jérémy Valette , Alejandro De la Cruz Martínez , Laurent Van De Steene , Stéphane Bostyn","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to investigate the pyrolysis multi-step kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass, focusing on agave bagasse (AB), including drying, devolatilization, and secondary reactions such as tar cracking and the subsequent char gasification reactivity (both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction).</div><div>The pyrolysis was carried out between 100 and 1000 °C. During this process, the release of non-condensable gases such as H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, and CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as the evolution of char and its composition in terms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ash content, were simulated and validated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The simulation results showed that the char produced at temperatures above 700 °C primarily consisted of carbon and ash, with values above 72.85 wt% and 12.39 wt%, confirmed by experimental data. Subsequently, the pyrolysis process was followed by both isothermal and non-isothermal partial oxidation reactions with air. In the non-isothermal oxidation was conducted between 700 and 1000 °C, the influence of heating rate on both gaseous and char products was examined, while in the isothermal oxidation was carried out at 850, 900, 950, and 1000 °C, the reactivity index and the peak temperature were examined to express the oxidation reactivity. The CFD results show that the reactivity rate of chars increases proportionally from 0.0080 min<sup>−1</sup> at 850 °C to 0.0129 min<sup>−1</sup> at 1000 °C. The models used for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions accurately predicted the experimental results of the evolution of the gas and char products during the oxidation under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134762"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134611
Way Lee Cheng , Ding-Hui Wang , Yi-Chi Chang , Pei-Cheng Cheng , Yu-Zheng Wang , Yuan-Chung Lin
With the growing emphasis on environmental protection, together with the recent EURO-6 European emission regulations, there has an increasing concern regarding the reduction of harmful substances in vehicle engine emissions at ambient temperatures, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has emerged as a way to mitigate low-temperature emissions from engines. This study focuses on analyzing the reduction characteristics of NOx in engine exhaust by employing diverse copper/iron bimetallic catalysts through a numerical model. Experimental measurements at moderate to high temperatures were used to validate the numerical results. Subsequent simulations were conducted to examine, in detail, the performance of SCR converters at low temperatures. The findings suggest that varying the copper content in the catalyst can significantly enhance conversion efficiency at lower temperatures. While lower gas flow rates improve conversion efficiency, their effectiveness diminishes as the copper content in the catalyst increases. The effect of catalyst thickness is more pronounced at low temperatures and with lower copper content. Additionally, a higher inlet NO2 concentration notably amplifies the conversion efficiency of the SCR process, particularly at lower temperatures.
{"title":"A numerical study of NOx removal from exhaust gas at low-temperature using metal Zeolite catalysts","authors":"Way Lee Cheng , Ding-Hui Wang , Yi-Chi Chang , Pei-Cheng Cheng , Yu-Zheng Wang , Yuan-Chung Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing emphasis on environmental protection, together with the recent EURO-6 European emission regulations, there has an increasing concern regarding the reduction of harmful substances in vehicle engine emissions at ambient temperatures, such as nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM). Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has emerged as a way to mitigate low-temperature emissions from engines. This study focuses on analyzing the reduction characteristics of NO<sub>x</sub> in engine exhaust by employing diverse copper/iron bimetallic catalysts through a numerical model. Experimental measurements at moderate to high temperatures were used to validate the numerical results. Subsequent simulations were conducted to examine, in detail, the performance of SCR converters at low temperatures. The findings suggest that varying the copper content in the catalyst can significantly enhance conversion efficiency at lower temperatures. While lower gas flow rates improve conversion efficiency, their effectiveness diminishes as the copper content in the catalyst increases. The effect of catalyst thickness is more pronounced at low temperatures and with lower copper content. Additionally, a higher inlet NO<sub>2</sub> concentration notably amplifies the conversion efficiency of the SCR process, particularly at lower temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134758
Weinan Ma , Yang Lv , Shuguo Li , Chenhao He , Zhixiong Gong , Xiaodong Wen , Jianming Dan , Xiangguo Li
Oily sludge, a hazardous byproduct of oil processes, poses significant environment and human health when improperly managed. This study examines the thermal behavior and gaseous emissions during co-combustion of oily sludge modified with waste tire powder (OS7-T3) and coal, using an automatic calorimeter and along with kinetic modeling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of co-combustion, as well as the gas emissions under varying oxygen concentrations, heating rates, and the influence of additives, were thoroughly examined. The results indicate that an increase in OS7-T3 content leads to a reduction in the performance of mixed fuel. When the OS7-T3 content reaches 30 %, the calorific value of combustion exceeds 20 MJ/kg, with no substantial decrease in the combustion index. The application of additives effectively mitigates pollutant gas emissions. Increasing the heating rate from 5℃/min to 20℃/min significantly enhances combustion performance, improving it by 4.19 times. Likewise, an increase in oxygen concentration from 10 % to 100 % results in a 2.97-fold increase in the combustion index. Montmorillonite reduces the emissions of pollutant gases by absorbing polar molecules. BaO and CaO effectively mitigate H2S and SO2 emissions but have limited influence on the control of NO and NO2 emissions. These findings strongly support the co-processing of oily sludge in cement kilns, facilitating its environmentally friendly disposal and promoting efficient resource utilization.
{"title":"Study on thermal behavior and gas pollutant emission control during the co-combustion of waste tire-modified oily sludge and coal","authors":"Weinan Ma , Yang Lv , Shuguo Li , Chenhao He , Zhixiong Gong , Xiaodong Wen , Jianming Dan , Xiangguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oily sludge, a hazardous byproduct of oil processes, poses significant environment and human health when improperly managed. This study examines the thermal behavior and gaseous emissions during co-combustion of oily sludge modified with waste tire powder (OS<sub>7</sub>-T<sub>3</sub>) and coal, using an automatic calorimeter and along with kinetic modeling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of co-combustion, as well as the gas emissions under varying oxygen concentrations, heating rates, and the influence of additives, were thoroughly examined. The results indicate that an increase in OS<sub>7</sub>-T<sub>3</sub> content leads to a reduction in the performance of mixed fuel. When the OS<sub>7</sub>-T<sub>3</sub> content reaches 30 %, the calorific value of combustion exceeds 20 MJ/kg, with no substantial decrease in the combustion index. The application of additives effectively mitigates pollutant gas emissions. Increasing the heating rate from 5℃/min to 20℃/min significantly enhances combustion performance, improving it by 4.19 times. Likewise, an increase in oxygen concentration from 10 % to 100 % results in a 2.97-fold increase in the combustion index. Montmorillonite reduces the emissions of pollutant gases by absorbing polar molecules. BaO and CaO effectively mitigate H<sub>2</sub>S and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions but have limited influence on the control of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> emissions. These findings strongly support the co-processing of oily sludge in cement kilns, facilitating its environmentally friendly disposal and promoting efficient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134758"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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