Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134611
Way Lee Cheng , Ding-Hui Wang , Yi-Chi Chang , Pei-Cheng Cheng , Yu-Zheng Wang , Yuan-Chung Lin
With the growing emphasis on environmental protection, together with the recent EURO-6 European emission regulations, there has an increasing concern regarding the reduction of harmful substances in vehicle engine emissions at ambient temperatures, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has emerged as a way to mitigate low-temperature emissions from engines. This study focuses on analyzing the reduction characteristics of NOx in engine exhaust by employing diverse copper/iron bimetallic catalysts through a numerical model. Experimental measurements at moderate to high temperatures were used to validate the numerical results. Subsequent simulations were conducted to examine, in detail, the performance of SCR converters at low temperatures. The findings suggest that varying the copper content in the catalyst can significantly enhance conversion efficiency at lower temperatures. While lower gas flow rates improve conversion efficiency, their effectiveness diminishes as the copper content in the catalyst increases. The effect of catalyst thickness is more pronounced at low temperatures and with lower copper content. Additionally, a higher inlet NO2 concentration notably amplifies the conversion efficiency of the SCR process, particularly at lower temperatures.
{"title":"A numerical study of NOx removal from exhaust gas at low-temperature using metal Zeolite catalysts","authors":"Way Lee Cheng , Ding-Hui Wang , Yi-Chi Chang , Pei-Cheng Cheng , Yu-Zheng Wang , Yuan-Chung Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing emphasis on environmental protection, together with the recent EURO-6 European emission regulations, there has an increasing concern regarding the reduction of harmful substances in vehicle engine emissions at ambient temperatures, such as nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM). Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has emerged as a way to mitigate low-temperature emissions from engines. This study focuses on analyzing the reduction characteristics of NO<sub>x</sub> in engine exhaust by employing diverse copper/iron bimetallic catalysts through a numerical model. Experimental measurements at moderate to high temperatures were used to validate the numerical results. Subsequent simulations were conducted to examine, in detail, the performance of SCR converters at low temperatures. The findings suggest that varying the copper content in the catalyst can significantly enhance conversion efficiency at lower temperatures. While lower gas flow rates improve conversion efficiency, their effectiveness diminishes as the copper content in the catalyst increases. The effect of catalyst thickness is more pronounced at low temperatures and with lower copper content. Additionally, a higher inlet NO<sub>2</sub> concentration notably amplifies the conversion efficiency of the SCR process, particularly at lower temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134758
Weinan Ma , Yang Lv , Shuguo Li , Chenhao He , Zhixiong Gong , Xiaodong Wen , Jianming Dan , Xiangguo Li
Oily sludge, a hazardous byproduct of oil processes, poses significant environment and human health when improperly managed. This study examines the thermal behavior and gaseous emissions during co-combustion of oily sludge modified with waste tire powder (OS7-T3) and coal, using an automatic calorimeter and along with kinetic modeling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of co-combustion, as well as the gas emissions under varying oxygen concentrations, heating rates, and the influence of additives, were thoroughly examined. The results indicate that an increase in OS7-T3 content leads to a reduction in the performance of mixed fuel. When the OS7-T3 content reaches 30 %, the calorific value of combustion exceeds 20 MJ/kg, with no substantial decrease in the combustion index. The application of additives effectively mitigates pollutant gas emissions. Increasing the heating rate from 5℃/min to 20℃/min significantly enhances combustion performance, improving it by 4.19 times. Likewise, an increase in oxygen concentration from 10 % to 100 % results in a 2.97-fold increase in the combustion index. Montmorillonite reduces the emissions of pollutant gases by absorbing polar molecules. BaO and CaO effectively mitigate H2S and SO2 emissions but have limited influence on the control of NO and NO2 emissions. These findings strongly support the co-processing of oily sludge in cement kilns, facilitating its environmentally friendly disposal and promoting efficient resource utilization.
{"title":"Study on thermal behavior and gas pollutant emission control during the co-combustion of waste tire-modified oily sludge and coal","authors":"Weinan Ma , Yang Lv , Shuguo Li , Chenhao He , Zhixiong Gong , Xiaodong Wen , Jianming Dan , Xiangguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oily sludge, a hazardous byproduct of oil processes, poses significant environment and human health when improperly managed. This study examines the thermal behavior and gaseous emissions during co-combustion of oily sludge modified with waste tire powder (OS<sub>7</sub>-T<sub>3</sub>) and coal, using an automatic calorimeter and along with kinetic modeling. Additionally, the synergistic effects of co-combustion, as well as the gas emissions under varying oxygen concentrations, heating rates, and the influence of additives, were thoroughly examined. The results indicate that an increase in OS<sub>7</sub>-T<sub>3</sub> content leads to a reduction in the performance of mixed fuel. When the OS<sub>7</sub>-T<sub>3</sub> content reaches 30 %, the calorific value of combustion exceeds 20 MJ/kg, with no substantial decrease in the combustion index. The application of additives effectively mitigates pollutant gas emissions. Increasing the heating rate from 5℃/min to 20℃/min significantly enhances combustion performance, improving it by 4.19 times. Likewise, an increase in oxygen concentration from 10 % to 100 % results in a 2.97-fold increase in the combustion index. Montmorillonite reduces the emissions of pollutant gases by absorbing polar molecules. BaO and CaO effectively mitigate H<sub>2</sub>S and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions but have limited influence on the control of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> emissions. These findings strongly support the co-processing of oily sludge in cement kilns, facilitating its environmentally friendly disposal and promoting efficient resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134758"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy conversion systems efficiently utilize vast amounts of energy, but also generate significant waste, necessitating waste minimization to reduce processing costs, improve efficiency, and promote resource conservation. This study aims to decrease char waste generated during rice husk (RH) gasification by using tyre rubber (TR) in co-gasification and to improve gasification quality. Investigations are conducted using various blending ratios (BR) of TR to RH (BR: 0–50 %) and gasifier equivalence ratios (ER) (ER: 0.2–0.4) to examine the impact of TR content on gasifier performance and char yield. The gasification temperature rises from 953 °C to 1129 °C for the addition of TR with RH and provides a better gasification result than an increase in ER. The increase in TR content reduces fuel consumption whereas it is found to increase with the increase in ER. The producer gas (PG) yield increases with an increase in TR content, reaching a maximum of 47.1 Nm3/h for BR50 at 0.4 ER whereas it is 37.9 Nm3/h for RH (BR0). The concentration of the combustible gases H2 and CH4 rises when TR is added, but the CH4 gas exhibits a downward trend after 30 % of TR content. Since there is an optimal concentration of combustible gas for each component at about 0.3 ER, 0.3 ER is determined to be appropriate for co-gasifying TR with RH. The increase in TR reduces the char yield however at the optimum ER of 0.3, 30.6 % of char reduction is observed. More char reduction is discovered in the least ER, though, and this is unsuitable when additional performance parameters are taken into account at lower ER. It is found that the TR content in the feedstock increases the efficiency of carbon and hydrogen conversion. Therefore, adding TR to the gasifier to co-gasify rice husk improves environmental sustainability by increasing performance and reducing char. This also lowers the generation of waste tyres.
能源转换系统可有效利用大量能源，但同时也会产生大量废物，因此有必要尽量减少废物，以降低加工成本、提高效率并促进资源保护。本研究旨在通过在共气化过程中使用轮胎橡胶（TR）来减少稻壳（RH）气化过程中产生的炭废物，并提高气化质量。研究采用不同的轮胎橡胶与稻壳（RH）的混合比（BR：0-50%）和气化炉当量比（ER：0.2-0.4）来考察轮胎橡胶含量对气化炉性能和产炭量的影响。在添加 TR 和 RH 时，气化温度从 953 °C 升至 1129 °C，气化效果优于 ER 的增加。TR 含量的增加降低了燃料消耗，而 ER 含量的增加则增加了燃料消耗。生产气（PG）产量随着 TR 含量的增加而增加，在 0.4 ER 条件下，BR50 的最大产量为 47.1 Nm3/h，而 RH（BR0）的产量为 37.9 Nm3/h。加入 TR 后，可燃气体 H2 和 CH4 的浓度上升，但 CH4 气体的浓度在 TR 含量达到 30% 后呈下降趋势。由于每种成分的最佳可燃气体浓度约为 0.3 ER，因此确定 0.3 ER 适合于 TR 与 RH 共气化。TR 的增加降低了炭产量，但在 0.3 的最佳 ER 值下，观察到 30.6% 的炭减少量。但在最小 ER 条件下，焦炭减少量更多，如果考虑到较低 ER 条件下的其他性能参数，则不适合采用这种方法。研究发现，原料中的 TR 含量可提高碳和氢的转化效率。因此，在气化炉中添加 TR 以对稻壳进行联合气化，可通过提高性能和减少焦炭来改善环境的可持续性。这也减少了废轮胎的产生。
{"title":"Char reduction and producer gas quality enrichment of rice husk by co-gasifying tyre waste in downdraft gasifier","authors":"Manikandan Parathesi , Beno Wincy Winsly , Christus Jeya Singh Vincent","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy conversion systems efficiently utilize vast amounts of energy, but also generate significant waste, necessitating waste minimization to reduce processing costs, improve efficiency, and promote resource conservation. This study aims to decrease char waste generated during rice husk (RH) gasification by using tyre rubber (TR) in co-gasification and to improve gasification quality. Investigations are conducted using various blending ratios (BR) of TR to RH (BR: 0–50 %) and gasifier equivalence ratios (ER) (ER: 0.2–0.4) to examine the impact of TR content on gasifier performance and char yield. The gasification temperature rises from 953 °C to 1129 °C for the addition of TR with RH and provides a better gasification result than an increase in ER. The increase in TR content reduces fuel consumption whereas it is found to increase with the increase in ER. The producer gas (PG) yield increases with an increase in TR content, reaching a maximum of 47.1 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h for BR50 at 0.4 ER whereas it is 37.9 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h for RH (BR0). The concentration of the combustible gases H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> rises when TR is added, but the CH<sub>4</sub> gas exhibits a downward trend after 30 % of TR content. Since there is an optimal concentration of combustible gas for each component at about 0.3 ER, 0.3 ER is determined to be appropriate for co-gasifying TR with RH. The increase in TR reduces the char yield however at the optimum ER of 0.3, 30.6 % of char reduction is observed. More char reduction is discovered in the least ER, though, and this is unsuitable when additional performance parameters are taken into account at lower ER. It is found that the TR content in the feedstock increases the efficiency of carbon and hydrogen conversion. Therefore, adding TR to the gasifier to co-gasify rice husk improves environmental sustainability by increasing performance and reducing char. This also lowers the generation of waste tyres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134744"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134726
Hao Wan , Fan Ye , Junlei Wang , Yuanzhu Mi
In this work, an amphipathic pectinate alternating copolymer “PEGLA” with alkyl side chain and PEG backbone was developed as demulsifier through a simple one pot epoxy-amine click chemical reaction method. The properties of demulsifier were evaluated by bottle test and the results showed that PEGLA had good demulsification efficiency at low temperature and low concentration. The demulsification efficiency reached 94.1 % with 100 mg/L at 40 °C for 150 min. Moreover, PEGLA has obvious advantages over commercial demulsifiers and reported work. The demulsification mechanism of PEGLA was elucidated through a detailed investigation of its interfacial properties. These results revealed that PEGLA rapidly aggregates at the oil–water interface and replaces or destroys the original asphaltenes interfacial film, thus forming an unstable discontinuous mixed film, lowering the stability of emulsified water droplets, resulting in demulsification.
{"title":"Low-temperature demulsification of pectinate alternating copolymer and its mechanism","authors":"Hao Wan , Fan Ye , Junlei Wang , Yuanzhu Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, an amphipathic pectinate alternating copolymer “PEGLA” with alkyl side chain and PEG backbone was developed as demulsifier through a simple one pot epoxy-amine click chemical reaction method. The properties of demulsifier were evaluated by bottle test and the results showed that PEGLA had good demulsification efficiency at low temperature and low concentration. The demulsification efficiency reached 94.1 % with 100 mg/L at 40 °C for 150 min. Moreover, PEGLA has obvious advantages over commercial demulsifiers and reported work. The demulsification mechanism of PEGLA was elucidated through a detailed investigation of its interfacial properties. These results revealed that PEGLA rapidly aggregates at the oil–water interface and replaces or destroys the original asphaltenes interfacial film, thus forming an unstable discontinuous mixed film, lowering the stability of emulsified water droplets, resulting in demulsification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134726"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The petroleum sector has proliferated since it was established and developed into an essential part of society, particularly in urban areas. Used lubricating oil (ULO), a leftover product of heavy petroleum hydrocarbon distillate, is responsible for rigorous environment pollution, and causes severe health hazards. Pyrolysis is considered as one of the efficient processes, which can efficiently manage ULO effectively diminishing its major adverse impact on the environment. If it is not managed, disposed of, or treated correctly, it can cause detrimental effect towards humans and the environment. The key objective of this review is to investigate catalysts, all the different parameters, and the reactor configurations that can impact the sustainability of ULO pyrolysis in liquid fuels. A comprehensive analysis of ULO pyrolysis is provided in this paper, which covers the following topics: (i) conventional methods, (ii) reactor layout, and (iii) benefits of catalytic pyrolysis. Considering cost-effectiveness, better mixing, and a large surface area to perform the reaction, a fixed bed was found to be more suitable. However, with respect to combustion efficiency and emission features, electric pyrolysis performed as a better alternative. Although there exists a quality research scope in the future towards performing a comparative evaluation of oil quality on motor vehicle engine oils to introspect the emission properties, efficiency, and combustion process of pyro oil created in both non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis methods.
{"title":"Pyrolysis of used lubricating oil using industrial waste-based catalyst for energy efficient fuel generation: A comprehensive review","authors":"Vikas Kumar Singh , Abesh Chatterjee , Payal Maiti , Pankaj Parmar , Subhrajit Mukherjee , B.C. Meikap","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The petroleum sector has proliferated since it was established and developed into an essential part of society, particularly in urban areas. Used lubricating oil (ULO), a leftover product of heavy petroleum hydrocarbon distillate, is responsible for rigorous environment pollution, and causes severe health hazards. Pyrolysis is considered as one of the efficient processes, which can efficiently manage ULO effectively diminishing its major adverse impact on the environment. If it is not managed, disposed of, or treated correctly, it can cause detrimental effect towards humans and the environment. The key objective of this review is to investigate catalysts, all the different parameters, and the reactor configurations that can impact the sustainability of ULO pyrolysis in liquid fuels. A comprehensive analysis of ULO pyrolysis is provided in this paper, which covers the following topics: (i) conventional methods, (ii) reactor layout, and (iii) benefits of catalytic pyrolysis. Considering cost-effectiveness, better mixing, and a large surface area to perform the reaction, a fixed bed was found to be more suitable. However, with respect to combustion efficiency and emission features, electric pyrolysis performed as a better alternative. Although there exists a quality research scope in the future towards performing a comparative evaluation of oil quality on motor vehicle engine oils to introspect the emission properties, efficiency, and combustion process of pyro oil created in both non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134697
Jun Shi , Pan Yang , Xuemei Ren , Xudong Yang , Hui Yan , Yu Tan , Zhenzhen Lei
Soot particles emitted during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in power equipment are a major contributor to urban smog, which poses serious risks to human health. Therefore, reducing soot emissions is a key focus in combustion research. This study employs the Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) flame diagnostics to measure soot volume fraction (SVF) and investigates the effects of methanol addition on flame morphology and SVF in a co-flow diffusion flame of ethylene under high-pressure conditions. Kinetic simulations are used to study the mechanisms by which methanol inhibits soot formation and the effects of reaction pressure on soot formation. The results show that as the methanol blending ratio increases, the blue region of the flame becomes more pronounced, and the flame brightness decreases. As pressure increases, the flame becomes taller and narrower, the bright yellow region expands, and the flame becomes brighter. At the same pressure, the SVF in the flame decreases linearly with increasing methanol blending ratio. At the same methanol blending ratio, the SVF increases quadratically with increasing pressure, the soot distribution area expands, and soot appears earlier. Numerical analysis reveals that adding methanol to the ethylene flame reduces the mole fraction of H radical during the reaction, lowers the reaction rates of elementary reactions in the pathway converting ethylene to benzene (A1), which reduces the mole fractions of key soot-forming substances such as C2H2, C3H3, and A1, and hinders the dehydrogenation of A1. This suppresses the formation of large molecular soot precursors from A1, leading to a reduction in soot formation. Reaction pressure has a minor effect on the primary reaction pathways for soot formation during ethylene combustion, but increasing the reaction pressure raises the concentration of reactants, significantly enhancing the reaction rates of key elementary reactions. This increases the mole fractions of key soot-forming substances, ultimately resulting in an increase in soot formation.
{"title":"Study on the Mechanism of Soot Inhibition in Methanol-Ethylene Mixed Combustion under High-Pressure Conditions","authors":"Jun Shi , Pan Yang , Xuemei Ren , Xudong Yang , Hui Yan , Yu Tan , Zhenzhen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soot particles emitted during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in power equipment are a major contributor to urban smog, which poses serious risks to human health. Therefore, reducing soot emissions is a key focus in combustion research. This study employs the Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) flame diagnostics to measure soot volume fraction (SVF) and investigates the effects of methanol addition on flame morphology and SVF in a co-flow diffusion flame of ethylene under high-pressure conditions. Kinetic simulations are used to study the mechanisms by which methanol inhibits soot formation and the effects of reaction pressure on soot formation. The results show that as the methanol blending ratio increases, the blue region of the flame becomes more pronounced, and the flame brightness decreases. As pressure increases, the flame becomes taller and narrower, the bright yellow region expands, and the flame becomes brighter. At the same pressure, the SVF in the flame decreases linearly with increasing methanol blending ratio. At the same methanol blending ratio, the SVF increases quadratically with increasing pressure, the soot distribution area expands, and soot appears earlier. Numerical analysis reveals that adding methanol to the ethylene flame reduces the mole fraction of H radical during the reaction, lowers the reaction rates of elementary reactions in the pathway converting ethylene to benzene (A1), which reduces the mole fractions of key soot-forming substances such as C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>, and A1, and hinders the dehydrogenation of A1. This suppresses the formation of large molecular soot precursors from A1, leading to a reduction in soot formation. Reaction pressure has a minor effect on the primary reaction pathways for soot formation during ethylene combustion, but increasing the reaction pressure raises the concentration of reactants, significantly enhancing the reaction rates of key elementary reactions. This increases the mole fractions of key soot-forming substances, ultimately resulting in an increase in soot formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 134697"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficiency of conventional biomass as a direct solid fuel is often limited by its high moisture content, volatile organic compounds and low heating value. This study optimizes the production of biocoal from giant leucaena wood (GL) and sugarcane leaf (SL) through dry torrefaction using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The torrefaction temperature and retention time of the GL were optimized at 275 °C and 9 min, respectively, providing biocoal with higher heating value (HHV) of 24.05 MJ/kg and energy yield of 73.19 %. The optimized conditions for torrefaction of the SL were performed at 225 °C for 30 min, providing biocoal with HHV of 22.47 MJ/kg and energy yield of 76.93 %. The torrefaction process primarily produced torrefied solids, followed by condensates and non-condensable gases, including CO2, CO and CH4. The biocoal derived from woody biomass had better combustion efficiency and completeness of combustion than commercial coal (sub-bituminous) and biocoal derived from non-woody biomass.
{"title":"Optimization and characterization of biocoal production from giant leucaena wood and sugarcane leaf via dry torrefaction process","authors":"Jatuporn Parnthong , Parinvadee Chukaew , Channarith Be , Wasawat Kraithong , Anan Jiratanachotikul , Wanwitoo Wanmolee , Saran Youngjan , Kajornsak Faungnawakij , Pongtanawat Khemthong , Nakorn Worasuwannarak , Sanchai Kuboon","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of conventional biomass as a direct solid fuel is often limited by its high moisture content, volatile organic compounds and low heating value. This study optimizes the production of biocoal from giant leucaena wood (GL) and sugarcane leaf (SL) through dry torrefaction using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The torrefaction temperature and retention time of the GL were optimized at 275 °C and 9 min, respectively, providing biocoal with higher heating value (HHV) of 24.05 MJ/kg and energy yield of 73.19 %. The optimized conditions for torrefaction of the SL were performed at 225 °C for 30 min, providing biocoal with HHV of 22.47 MJ/kg and energy yield of 76.93 %. The torrefaction process primarily produced torrefied solids, followed by condensates and non-condensable gases, including CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and CH<sub>4</sub>. The biocoal derived from woody biomass had better combustion efficiency and completeness of combustion than commercial coal (sub-bituminous) and biocoal derived from non-woody biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates the characteristics of biomass briquettes made from different proportions of Lantana Camera L. and Parthenium hysterophorous weeds, poultry litter, and cow dung as binder. About 30 blends were created and tested. The briquettes made from cow dung showed better durability and fuel ratio. The Shalter Index was maximum at 50–75% for Lantana Camara L. and 4% cow dung as binder. Thermogravimetric analyses were conducted for combustion profiles of biomasses with three main stages of mass loss. Experiments were conducted for gasification, with four different equivalence ratios (ER) applied. The highest hydrogen percentage (21%) was observed at ER 0.26, 6% poultry litter, and a blend of 25% Lantana Camara L. and 75% Parthenium hysterophorus L. The maximum CO% and methane percentage were achieved at ER 0.26, resulting in 3.1% production. Cow dung performed better than poultry litter as a binder, with most blends showing over 50% higher gasification efficiency. These material combinations have not been previously explored. This study addresses a gap by offering insights into the effective use of weeds and animal waste for syngas production through downdraft gasification.
{"title":"Characterization and syngas production from downdraft gasification of bio-briquettes made from Lantana Camera L. and Parthenium hysterophorous L. weeds using poultry litter and cow dung as binder","authors":"Keshav Singh Bisen , Bhupendra Gupta , Prashant Baredar , Pradeep Kumar Jhinge","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the characteristics of biomass briquettes made from different proportions of Lantana Camera L. and Parthenium hysterophorous weeds, poultry litter, and cow dung as binder. About 30 blends were created and tested. The briquettes made from cow dung showed better durability and fuel ratio. The Shalter Index was maximum at 50–75% for Lantana Camara L. and 4% cow dung as binder. Thermogravimetric analyses were conducted for combustion profiles of biomasses with three main stages of mass loss. Experiments were conducted for gasification, with four different equivalence ratios (ER) applied. The highest hydrogen percentage (21%) was observed at ER 0.26, 6% poultry litter, and a blend of 25% Lantana Camara L. and 75% Parthenium hysterophorus L. The maximum CO% and methane percentage were achieved at ER 0.26, resulting in 3.1% production. Cow dung performed better than poultry litter as a binder, with most blends showing over 50% higher gasification efficiency. These material combinations have not been previously explored. This study addresses a gap by offering insights into the effective use of weeds and animal waste for syngas production through downdraft gasification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134766
Jiaying Xing , Jisheng Long , Li Bai , Guimin Wang , Yufei Fan , Haiyan Liu , Jianjun Chen , Junhua Li
Commercial V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 (VMoTi) catalyst has been reported to present efficient VOCs removal ability via catalytic oxidation technology. However, it is susceptible to be poisoned by the alkali metals in flue gas, ultimately leading to the catalyst deactivation. This work selected potassium (K) species as the probe species to investigate the VMoTi deactivation mechanism for chlorobenzene (CB) catalytic oxidation. Results showed that K species deposition on VMoTi catalyst significantly inhibited the CB catalytic oxidation. While the fresh VMoTi catalyst achieved a CB conversion efficiency of nearly 100 % at 300–450 °C, this efficiency dropped to below 20 % with 2 wt% K2O deposition. K species deposition decreased both the specific area and redox property of VMoTi catalyst, and it could also reduce the active sites on catalyst surface. Specially, the deposited K atom tended to destroy the initial V=O active site to form V-O-K species. Moreover, the deposition of K species triggered the electron transfer from V/Mo to O atoms, thereby strengthening the interactions among different species. It caused the vanadium species aggregation on catalyst surface, exerting a detrimental impact on CB catalytic oxidation. The work devotes to reveal the deactivation mechanism of commercial vanadium-based catalyst in industrial application, doing help on the VOCs emission control.
{"title":"Revealing the potassium poisoning mechanism of V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst for chlorobenzene catalytic oxidation","authors":"Jiaying Xing , Jisheng Long , Li Bai , Guimin Wang , Yufei Fan , Haiyan Liu , Jianjun Chen , Junhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-MoO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> (VMoTi) catalyst has been reported to present efficient VOCs removal ability via catalytic oxidation technology. However, it is susceptible to be poisoned by the alkali metals in flue gas, ultimately leading to the catalyst deactivation. This work selected potassium (K) species as the probe species to investigate the VMoTi deactivation mechanism for chlorobenzene (CB) catalytic oxidation. Results showed that K species deposition on VMoTi catalyst significantly inhibited the CB catalytic oxidation. While the fresh VMoTi catalyst achieved a CB conversion efficiency of nearly 100 % at 300–450 °C, this efficiency dropped to below 20 % with 2 wt% K<sub>2</sub>O deposition. K species deposition decreased both the specific area and redox property of VMoTi catalyst, and it could also reduce the active sites on catalyst surface. Specially, the deposited K atom tended to destroy the initial V=O active site to form V-O-K species. Moreover, the deposition of K species triggered the electron transfer from V/Mo to O atoms, thereby strengthening the interactions among different species. It caused the vanadium species aggregation on catalyst surface, exerting a detrimental impact on CB catalytic oxidation. The work devotes to reveal the deactivation mechanism of commercial vanadium-based catalyst in industrial application, doing help on the VOCs emission control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134723
Faseeh Abdulrahman , Mohammed S. Ismail , S. Mani Sarathy
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a critical part of the energy transition as they can be sustainably powered by hydrogen fuel. They have gained significant attention recently due to their compact design and simplified system, which makes them ideal for portable applications. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind comparative study of air-breathing and conventional PEMFCs, conducted using a combined approach of numerical modelling and Taguchi analysis. A comprehensive multiphysics one-dimensional model was developed for each type of fuel cell. The results show that the conventional fuel cell outperforms the air-breathing fuel cell, especially at high current densities. This is due to its significantly higher mass and heat transfer coefficients on the cathode side of the conventional fuel cell, which also enhances its heat dissipation. Taguchi analysis ranked specific design parameters by their impact on fuel cell performance, identifying cathode GDL thickness as the most influential. The results of the parametric study using numerical models confirm this ranking and the significance of the factors proposed by Taguchi analysis. Interestingly, the performance of air-breathing PEMFCs is more sensitive to cathode GDL porosity compared to conventional PEMFCs. This increased sensitivity is primarily due to higher diffusion limitations and a lower oxygen mass transport coefficient in air-breathing PEMFCs.
{"title":"Comparative analysis and optimization of performance of air-breathing and conventional PEM fuel cells","authors":"Faseeh Abdulrahman , Mohammed S. Ismail , S. Mani Sarathy","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a critical part of the energy transition as they can be sustainably powered by hydrogen fuel. They have gained significant attention recently due to their compact design and simplified system, which makes them ideal for portable applications. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind comparative study of air-breathing and conventional PEMFCs, conducted using a combined approach of numerical modelling and Taguchi analysis. A comprehensive multiphysics one-dimensional model was developed for each type of fuel cell. The results show that the conventional fuel cell outperforms the air-breathing fuel cell, especially at high current densities. This is due to its significantly higher mass and heat transfer coefficients on the cathode side of the conventional fuel cell, which also enhances its heat dissipation. Taguchi analysis ranked specific design parameters by their impact on fuel cell performance, identifying cathode GDL thickness as the most influential. The results of the parametric study using numerical models confirm this ranking and the significance of the factors proposed by Taguchi analysis. Interestingly, the performance of air-breathing PEMFCs is more sensitive to cathode GDL porosity compared to conventional PEMFCs. This increased sensitivity is primarily due to higher diffusion limitations and a lower oxygen mass transport coefficient in air-breathing PEMFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134723"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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