IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137810

Cristian Barón, Manuel Bailera, Jorge Perpiñán, Begoña Peña

The Iron and Steel industry stands as a significant industrial source of CO₂ emissions, contributing 7% to the global CO₂ emissions. Therefore, innovative methods for CO₂ removal must be developed in the current path to heavy-industry decarbonization. This work presents and compares two low-carbon brownfield concepts, integrated in an existing steelmaking plant, which incorporates power-to-gas technology, top gas recycling and oxygen blast furnace. The first concept captures carbon via calcium looping and uses it as the source for the methanation plant to produce synthetic natural gas, which is injected in the blast furnace as reducing agent. The second concept is based on charcoal and syngas production through biomass pyrolysis. The former is pulverized and injected into the blast furnace, replacing part of the fossil coke used in the reference steelmaking plant. The latter is used as carbon source in the methanation stage, avoiding the carbon capture stage. Promising results are obtained for the concept which uses biomass as carbon source in the process, achieving a CO₂ abatement cost of 64.5 €/t_CO2. It is estimated that this cost could be reduced to 55.4 €/t_CO2 by scale economy. Despite current economic challenges, the potential mid-term profitability, driven by the ongoing deployment of renewable energy, identifies the utilization of biomass as a solution for environmentally conscious steelmaking.

钢铁工业是二氧化碳排放的重要工业来源，占全球二氧化碳排放量的7%。因此，在目前的重工业脱碳道路上，必须开发创新的二氧化碳去除方法。这项工作提出并比较了两种低碳棕地概念，并将其整合到现有的炼钢厂中，其中包括电制气技术、顶气回收和氧气鼓风炉。第一个概念是通过钙环捕获碳，并将其作为甲烷化工厂生产合成天然气的来源，合成天然气作为还原剂注入高炉。第二个概念是通过生物质热解生产木炭和合成气。前者粉碎后注入高炉，取代参考炼钢厂使用的部分焦炭。后者在甲烷化阶段用作碳源，避免了碳捕获阶段。在这个过程中，使用生物质作为碳源的概念取得了可喜的结果，实现了64.5欧元/吨二氧化碳的二氧化碳减排成本。据估计，通过规模经济，这一成本可降至55.4欧元/吨二氧化碳。尽管目前面临经济挑战，但在可再生能源持续部署的推动下，潜在的中期盈利能力确定了利用生物质作为具有环保意识的炼钢的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon-free fuel transition via ammonia-coal co-firing: investigation of flame and combustion characteristics 氨煤共烧无碳燃料转换：火焰和燃烧特性的研究

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137843

Min-Jong Ku , Min-Woo Kim , Yoon-Jae Lee , Gyeong-Min Kim , Dae-Gyun Lee , Seung-Mo Kim , Fumiteru Akamatsu , Chung Hwan Jeon

Co-firing ammonia with coal is a promising strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in coal-fired power plants. To move toward carbon-free power generation, understanding ammonia/coal co-firing under high ammonia conditions is essential. This study investigates the effects of coal fuel ratio and oxygen concentration on flame characteristics and gas emissions during high ratio ammonia/coal co-firing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to evaluate the thermal reactivity of two coals with different volatile matter contents. Co-firing experiments were conducted in a visualized burner under oxygen concentrations of 30–40% and ammonia co-firing ratios of 50 % and 80 %. Flame structures and CH* distributions were captured using a high-speed camera, and gas species (NH₃, NO_x, N₂O, **CO, CO₂) were measured using an FT-IR analyzer. Results showed that both coals became highly reactive above 35% oxygen concentration. The high volatile coal exhibited higher flame luminosity and a synergistic interaction between its volatile components and ammonia oxidation, particularly at a 50% co-firing ratio. In contrast, the low volatile coal produced more NH₃ slip under the same condition. Additionally, for the high-volatile coal, increased devolatilization at 40% oxygen enhanced NO_x reduction via C_xH_γ radical-induced DeNO_x reactions. These findings highlight the critical role of coal properties and oxygen availability in optimizing ammonia/coal co-firing performance under high-ammonia conditions.

氨与煤共烧是减少燃煤电厂温室气体排放的一种很有前途的策略。为了实现无碳发电，了解高氨条件下的氨/煤共烧至关重要。研究了高比氨煤共烧过程中，煤燃料比和氧浓度对火焰特性和气体排放的影响。采用热重分析（TGA）对两种不同挥发物含量煤的热反应性进行了评价。在可视化燃烧器中，在氧浓度为30-40%、氨共烧比为50%和80%的条件下进行了共烧实验。用高速摄像机捕捉火焰结构和CH*分布，用FT-IR分析仪测量气体种类（NH3, NOx, N2O, **CO, CO2）。结果表明，在35%氧浓度以上，两种煤均表现出高活性。高挥发分煤表现出更高的火焰亮度，其挥发分组分与氨氧化之间的协同作用，特别是在50%共燃比下。相比之下，在相同条件下，低挥发分煤产生更多的NH3滑移。此外，对于高挥发性煤，在40%氧下增加脱挥发，通过CxHγ自由基诱导的脱氧反应增强了NOx的还原。这些发现强调了煤的性质和氧可用性在高氨条件下优化氨/煤共烧性能中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

The pore and fracture structure evolution and fractal characteristics of coal under the coupling effect of shock wave and acidification 激波与酸化耦合作用下煤的孔隙裂隙结构演化及分形特征

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137929

Feng Chen , Jun Yin , Yanwei Qu , Lulu Ma , Peiwen Jiang , Zhilin Cao , ChengtaoYang , Mi Tian , Bing Li , Zhimin Song

The permeability of coal seams directly determine the efficiency of gas drainage. This research, choosing Inner Mongolia lignite (NMH) and Shaanxi bituminous coal (SXY) as the subjects, innovatively combines shock wave and acidification treatments to investigate pore-fracture evolution and fractal characteristics in low-permeability coal seams via various characterization techniques and fractal theories. Research has shown that NMH contained calcite, pyrite, silicate, and siderite, while SXY contained quartz and gismondine. Shock wave alone didn’t alter the types and contents of minerals, but coupled with acidification, it could completely dissolve the minerals into the multi-component acid solutions. After the coupling effect, coal samples became looser, with increased crack width, length, and clarity, and higher fractal dimensions and porosity of the SEM images, indicating a rise in pore-fracture proportion. The N₂ adsorption experiments revealed that the coupling effect destroyed ink-bottle-shaped pores, transforming micropores into transition pores and enhancing pore connectivity, while reducing fractal dimensions (D₁ and D₂) and surface roughness, despite decreasing specific surface area and pore volume. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance tests showed that the coupling effect effectively reduced the proportion of adsorption pore throats, increased the proportion of seepage pore throats, promoted the transformation of micropores to transition pores, then into mesopores and macropores, enhanced pore connectivity, reduced the seepage pore fractal dimension (D_S). This study demonstrated that shock wave-acidification coupling achieved the dual objectives of reducing methane adsorption and enhancing seepage capacity, which were realized by increasing the contact area for acidification and dissolving minerals within the coal matrix.

煤层的渗透率直接决定瓦斯抽放效果。本研究以内蒙古褐煤（NMH）和陕西烟煤（SXY）为研究对象，创新性地将激波和酸化处理相结合，运用多种表征技术和分形理论研究低渗透煤层孔隙-裂缝演化及分形特征。研究表明，NMH中含有方解石、黄铁矿、硅酸盐和菱铁矿，而SXY中含有石英和gismondine。冲击波本身不会改变矿物的种类和含量，但与酸化相结合，可以使矿物完全溶解在多组分酸溶液中。耦合作用后，煤样变得更加松散，裂缝宽度、长度和清晰度增大，SEM图像的分形维数和孔隙率增大，孔隙破裂比例增大。氮气吸附实验表明，耦合效应破坏了墨水瓶状孔隙，使微孔转变为过渡孔，增强了孔隙连通性，同时降低了分形维数（D1和D2）和表面粗糙度，但降低了比表面积和孔隙体积。低场核磁共振试验表明，耦合效应有效降低了吸附孔喉比例，增加了渗流孔喉比例，促进了微孔向过渡孔、过渡孔再向中孔和大孔的转变，增强了孔隙连通性，降低了渗流孔分形维数（DS）。研究表明，冲击波-酸化耦合通过增加酸化接触面积和溶解煤基质内矿物，实现了减少甲烷吸附和增强渗流能力的双重目标。

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引用次数: 0

Reconstructing active sites of Ni/SiO2 for dry reforming methane via modulating Ni phyllosilicate structure 通过调节Ni层状硅酸盐结构重建干重整甲烷Ni/SiO2活性位点

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137916

Zheng Liu , Luyang Qiao , Shanshan Zong , Jiankai Cheng , Xinyi Cao , Yong Gao , Zhangfeng Zhou , Yuangen Yao

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising pathway for converting CO₂ and CH₄ into valuable syngas. However, rapid deactivation of Ni-based catalysts due to coking and sintering under high temperatures poses a significant challenge for its practical application. Benefiting from Ni phyllosilicate derived strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), the reduction and growth rates of Ni nanoparticles are slowed down. However, the number of exposed Ni active sites is lean due to excessively strong Ni-O interaction in Ni phyllosilicate. Here, we doped Zr into Ni/SiO₂ catalyst to modulate the Ni phyllosilicate structure and related SMSI to improve the resistance of Ni/SiO₂ catalyst against sintering and coking. The balance between carbon deposition and elimination was established benefiting from activated lattice oxygen in phyllosilicate and corresponding electronic perturbations across Ni/SiO₂ interface. This strategy not only achieves increased conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, but also realizes stable operation of catalyst at 800 °C. Relevant insights for developing high-performance and robust DRM catalysts are provided.

甲烷干重整（DRM）为将CO2和CH4转化为有价值的合成气提供了一条有前途的途径。然而，镍基催化剂在高温下因焦化和烧结而快速失活，对其实际应用提出了重大挑战。得益于层状硅酸镍衍生的强金属-载体相互作用（SMSI）， Ni纳米颗粒的还原和生长速度减慢。然而，由于层状硅酸盐中Ni- o相互作用太强，暴露的Ni活性位点数量较少。在Ni/SiO2催化剂中掺入Zr，通过调控Ni层状硅酸盐结构和相关SMSI，提高Ni/SiO2催化剂的烧结和结焦性能。层状硅酸盐中活化的晶格氧和相应的Ni/SiO2界面上的电子扰动建立了碳沉积和消除的平衡。该策略不仅提高了CH4和CO2的转化率，而且实现了催化剂在800℃下的稳定运行。为开发高性能和稳健的DRM催化剂提供了相关见解。

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引用次数: 0

Pathway toward carbon neutrality of cement industry: A comprehensive analysis based on microdata 水泥行业碳中和之路：基于微观数据的综合分析

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137837

Mengling Zhang , Baokun Li , Hairui Yang , Man Zhang , Dongfang Li , Xing Zhu , Runsheng Lin , Yongkang Han , Aoyang Zhang

The cement industry contributes 13% of China’s carbon emissions, making it a pivotal sector in achieving the country’s carbon neutrality objective. In this study, the Yunnan’s cement industry, which accounts for 18% of the province’s carbon emissions, is comprehensively analyzed and proposes a pathway toward carbon neutrality. Based on the microdata from 82 cement enterprises, the current carbon emissions are assessed in Yunnan’s cement industry. Subsequently, the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology model is employed to forecast cement output. Four scenarios are developed to assess the impacts of six measures for reduction of carbon emissions to propose a pathway toward carbon neutrality. The results indicate that the output and carbon emissions of Yunnan’s cement industry peaked in 2020, at 129.84 Mt and 82.46 MtCO₂/year, followed by a continuous decline. The model forecasts that cement output will continue to decline and stabilize at 35.68 Mt by 2060. Among, the business-as-usual scenario exhibits the highest emissions, projected to emit 23.27 MtCO₂/year by 2060; whereas the aggressive green scenario demonstrates the most effective emission reduction, anticipated to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Finally, a pathway toward carbon neutrality for Yunnan’s cement industry is proposed. By 2026, the contributions to carbon emission reduction of energy efficiency improvement, renewable electricity generation from waste heat recovery, alternative fuel, alternative raw materials, carbon capture, utilization, and storage, and cement carbonization are projected to be 10.51%, 2.38%, 12.42%, 24.63%, 34.69%, and 15.37%, respectively. This study offers valuable policy recommendations for regional carbon-reduction strategies.

水泥行业占中国碳排放量的13%，是实现中国碳中和目标的关键行业。本研究对占全省碳排放量18%的云南水泥行业进行了综合分析，并提出了碳中和的路径。基于82家水泥企业的微观数据，对云南水泥行业的碳排放现状进行了评估。随后，采用人口、富裕和技术随机影响回归模型对水泥产量进行预测。本文提出了四种情景，以评估六种减少碳排放的措施的影响，从而提出一条实现碳中和的途径。结果表明，云南水泥工业产量和碳排放量在2020年达到峰值，分别为12984 Mt和8246 Mt co2 /年，随后呈持续下降趋势。该模型预测，到2060年，水泥产量将继续下降，并稳定在3568万吨。其中，一切照旧情景的排放量最高，预计到2060年将排放2327万吨二氧化碳/年；而积极的绿色方案展示了最有效的减排，预计到2050年实现净零排放。最后，提出了云南水泥工业实现碳中和的途径。到2026年，能源效率提高、余热回收可再生发电、替代燃料、替代原材料、碳捕集利用与封存和水泥碳化对碳减排的贡献分别为10.51%、2.38%、12.42%、24.63%、34.69%和15.37%。本研究为区域碳减排战略提供了有价值的政策建议。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental, theoretical and kinetic modeling study of ammonia borane combustion 氨硼烷燃烧的实验、理论和动力学模型研究

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137886

Mengmeng Jia , Jiaxin Xie , Frederick Nii Ofei Bruce , Fei Qin , Yiwen Hu , Chong-Wen Zhou , Henry Curran , Taufiq Yap Yun Hin , Song Cheng , Yang Li

Ammonia borane (NH₃BH₃) is a promising high-energy solid fuel candidate for ramjet propulsion systems. However, the detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. In this study, the ignition delay times (IDTs) of NH₃BH₃/air mixtures were experimentally investigated using a high-pressure shock tube under conditions of 5.0 and 10.0 bar over 1000 to 2300 K. A comprehensive kinetic mechanism comprising 58 species and 292 reactions was developed to describe the combustion of ammonia borane. Ab initio calculations were conducted to study hydrogen abstraction, unimolecular, and chemically activated reactions on the potential energy surfaces of NBH₆ and NBH₅. Geometry optimizations, vibrational frequency calculations, and dihedral angle scans were performed at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Single-point energies (SPEs) for all species were determined using the CCSD/CBS method. The kinetic and thermochemical parameters obtained from high-level calculations were incorporated into the C3MechV3.3 framework to construct a revised mechanism. The reliability of the developed mechanism was evaluated through IDT simulations, and sensitivity and flux analyses were performed to identify the key reactions controlling the reactivity. The results indicate that the phase transition reaction NH₃BH₃(s) → NH₃BH₃ and the unimolecular decomposition reaction NH₃BH₃ → NH₃ + BH₃ play dominant roles during ammonia borane combustion.

氨硼烷（NH3BH3）是一种很有前途的冲压发动机推进系统高能固体燃料候选材料。然而，详细的化学动力学机制仍然没有得到充分的了解。在1000 ~ 2300 K条件下，采用高压激波管研究了NH3BH3/空气混合物在5.0和10.0 bar条件下的点火延迟时间（IDTs）。建立了包含58种292种反应的氨硼烷燃烧综合动力学机制。通过从头计算研究了NBH6和NBH5势能面上的吸氢反应、单分子反应和化学活化反应。在M06-2X/6-311++G（d,p）理论水平上进行了几何优化、振动频率计算和二面角扫描。采用CCSD/CBS法测定了各物种的单点能。将高级计算得到的动力学和热化学参数纳入C3MechV3.3框架，构建修订后的机理。通过IDT模拟评估了所建立机理的可靠性，并进行了灵敏度和通量分析，以确定控制反应性的关键反应。结果表明：在氨硼燃烧过程中，NH3BH3→NH3BH3的相变反应和NH3BH3→NH3 + BH3的单分子分解反应起主导作用。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing gas hydrate kinetic modeling and simulation in dispersed water-in-oil systems by incorporating trapped water calculation 结合圈闭水计算，推进分散型油包水体系天然气水合物动力学建模与模拟

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137879

Conrado Chiarello , Carolyn A. Koh , Khalid Mateen

Gas hydrates are a major concern in flow assurance. Preventing operational issues warrants reliable prediction of the phenomena. Current gas hydrate kinetic models in commercially available simulators have the limitation that they can either match the initial formation rate or the final volume of hydrates formation but not the two at the same time. Often, in laboratory experiments, the water estimated to form hydrates from gas consumption is much lower than the total volume of available water, and no explanation is available for this unutilized water. In this paper, we develop a model which can simultaneously capture the early and the late time formation rates. By considering the water trapped inside gas hydrate particles, gas hydrate formation, as measured by gas consumption, is more accurately predicted in both the fast initial formation region and the final gas consumption plateau. Moreover, because hydrate volume fraction reaches a plateau faster than currently implemented models, viscosity prediction against experimental data is also improved. Currently available hydrate prediction models implemented in commercial multiphase simulators can be extended to seamlessly incorporate the developments presented herein, with minor adjustments to conservation equations.

天然气水合物是流动保障的主要问题。防止操作问题需要对现象进行可靠的预测。目前市面上的天然气水合物动力学模型存在一个局限性，即只能匹配水合物的初始形成速率或最终形成体积，而不能同时匹配两者。通常，在实验室实验中，从天然气消耗中估计形成水合物的水比可用水的总量要低得多，而且对这些未利用的水没有任何解释。在本文中，我们建立了一个可以同时捕获早期和晚期形成速率的模型。考虑到水合物颗粒内部的水，以耗气量衡量的天然气水合物形成在快速初始形成区和最终耗气量平台都能得到更准确的预测。此外，由于水合物体积分数比目前实施的模型更快地达到平台，因此根据实验数据进行粘度预测也得到了改进。目前在商业多相模拟器中实施的可用水合物预测模型可以扩展到无缝地结合本文提出的发展，对守恒方程进行微小的调整。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing solar-driven biomass gasification through multi-catalyst strategies: Catalytic mechanisms, product regulation, and energy conversion 通过多种催化剂策略加强太阳能驱动的生物质气化：催化机制，产品调节和能量转换

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137892

Xiankun Huang , Yong Wang , Zhang Bai, Xiaoli Zhu, Lianlian Xu, Xinyu Mu, Binzhong Xi

Solar-driven biomass gasification offers a sustainable route for syngas production; however, challenges such as tar formation, low gas yields, and catalyst deactivation under high radiative flux continue to limit process efficiency. This research systematically evaluates six catalysts, iron, nickel, dolomite, zeolite ZSM-5, sodium carbonate, and calcium oxide, for gasifying fundamental biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) under concentrated solar irradiation. Employing dynamic gas evolution analysis, comprehensive solid-phase characterization through X-ray diffraction and tar/residue examination, and thermodynamic energy assessment, we elucidate distinct catalyst-specific and biomass-component-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Key results demonstrate calcium oxide universally enhances hydrogen yield, achieving a 4.5-fold increase for cellulose and exceeding a 10-fold increase for lignin at a catalyst-to-feedstock ratio of 0.9, while elevating total gas production to 67.0 mmol/g for cellulose, representing a 148 % increase relative to non-catalytic conditions. Transition metal catalysts, particularly iron, optimize syngas composition, attaining 50.8 % hydrogen content in hemicellulose-derived syngas. Dolomite significantly promotes carbon dioxide formation with a 4.5-fold yield increase, whereas natural mineral catalysts exhibit notable phase instability under irradiation. Calcium oxide additionally maximizes energy upgrading factors, reaching values of 1.26 for cellulose and 1.18 for hemicellulose, confirming net solar energy storage. Calcium oxide significantly mitigates lignin recalcitrance, increasing its energy upgrading factor from 0.1 to 0.47. Kinetic analyses verify significant activation energy reductions, including a 35 % decrease for cellulose using nickel catalysis. This work establishes a foundational catalyst selection framework for targeted syngas regulation and efficient solar-thermochemical conversion, advancing scalable solar fuel technologies.

太阳能驱动的生物质气化为合成气生产提供了一条可持续的途径；然而，诸如焦油形成、低产气率和高辐射通量下催化剂失活等挑战仍然限制了工艺效率。本研究系统评价了铁、镍、白云石、沸石ZSM-5、碳酸钠和氧化钙6种催化剂在集中太阳照射下气化生物质基本组分（纤维素、半纤维素、木质素）的效果。通过动态气体演化分析、通过x射线衍射和焦油/残留物检测进行的综合固相表征以及热力学能量评估，我们阐明了不同的催化剂特异性和生物质组分依赖性调节机制。关键结果表明，氧化钙普遍提高了产氢率，在催化剂与原料比为0.9的情况下，纤维素的产氢率提高了4.5倍，木质素的产氢率提高了10倍以上，同时纤维素的总产气量提高到67.0 mmol/g，相对于非催化条件提高了148%。过渡金属催化剂，特别是铁，优化合成气组成，在半纤维素衍生合成气中达到50.8%的氢含量。白云石明显促进二氧化碳的形成，产率提高4.5倍，而天然矿物催化剂在辐照下表现出明显的相不稳定性。此外，氧化钙最大限度地提高了能量升级系数，纤维素达到1.26，半纤维素达到1.18，证实了太阳能净储能。氧化钙显著减轻木质素的顽固性，使其能量升级系数从0.1提高到0.47。动力学分析证实了显著的活化能降低，包括使用镍催化纤维素降低35%。这项工作为有针对性的合成气调节和高效的太阳能-热化学转化建立了基础的催化剂选择框架，推进了可扩展的太阳能燃料技术。

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引用次数: 0

High-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with oxygen enrichment 富氧大功率质子交换膜燃料电池系统

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137654

Yoo Il Lee , Yeong Ho Lee , Hyun Sung Lim , Sangwook Lee , Min Soo Kim

This study proposes an efficient system that enhances proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance by integrating a pressure swing adsorption oxygen concentrator. By increasing oxygen concentration, this approach improves mass transport and accelerates the oxygen reduction reaction, overcoming limitations caused by the low partial pressure of oxygen in ambient air. A prototype pressure swing adsorption-based oxygen concentrator was developed, and its performance was evaluated across various operational parameters. Additionally, a single fuel cell was tested with oxygen concentrations to assess the impact of oxygen enrichment on overall system output, including the energy consumption of the pressure swing adsorption unit. Results showed that at an optimized adsorption pressure of 1.5 bar, the pressure swing adsorption system produced an oxygen-enriched stream with a concentration of 47 %. Despite the additional power required to operate the pressure swing adsorption unit, the integrated system achieved a net power output increase of 38.5 %. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of pressure swing adsorption-integrated fuel cells for high-power applications, including transportation and stationary power generation.

本研究提出了一种有效的系统，通过集成变压吸附氧浓缩器来提高质子交换膜燃料电池的性能。通过增加氧气浓度，这种方法改善了质量传递，加速了氧气还原反应，克服了环境空气中氧气分压低造成的限制。开发了一种基于变压吸附的氧气浓缩器原型，并对其在各种操作参数下的性能进行了评估。此外，还对单个燃料电池进行了氧浓度测试，以评估氧富集对整个系统输出的影响，包括变压吸附装置的能耗。结果表明，在最佳吸附压力为1.5 bar时，变压吸附系统可生成浓度为47%的富氧流。尽管运行变压吸附装置需要额外的功率，但集成系统的净功率输出增加了38.5%。这些发现证明了变压吸附集成燃料电池用于大功率应用的可行性，包括运输和固定发电。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in direct-fired sCO2 cycle and sCO2 oxy-fuel combustion 直接燃烧sCO2循环及sCO2全氧燃烧研究进展

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137803

Yuxin Xie , Penghua Qiu , Mingjie He , Can Cao , Yu Zhang , Li Liu , Chang Xing , Shaozeng Sun , Linyao Zhang

The direct-fired supercritical CO₂ (DFSC) cycle is a novel, efficient, low-carbon emission power generation technology. This paper reviews various DFSC cycle layouts and their performance. Energy efficiencies for gas and solid fuel layouts are 49.32–65.7% and 18.25–53.19%, respectively. The supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) combustor is a key hot end component for achieving high efficiency of the DFSC cycle system and green operation. This work traces the evolution of sCO₂ combustors and studies their design features, including geometry, cooling method, and nozzles. Given the two problems of CO emissions and combustion stability, a conceptual sCO₂ combustor is proposed from the aspects of nozzle structure, combustion organization method, and oxidizer composition, which provides ideas and references for the future development of sCO₂ combustors. Numerical combustion is significant for understanding sCO₂ oxy-fuel combustion characteristics, thus assisting the combustor design. Therefore, starting from the sCO₂ combustion kinetics, this paper summarizes the optimization methods of the kinetic models (chemical reactions, equation of state, thermodynamic and transport parameters, mixing rules) and compares the basic combustion characteristics with the kinetic models. On this basis, further summarizing the sCO₂ turbulent combustion characteristics. Limited by the high-precision numerical simulation’s computational efficiency and cost, an effective way to study sCO₂ oxy-fuel combustion and combustor design with machine learning assistance is proposed. Future research should focus on experiments and developing efficient, high-fidelity numerical simulation frameworks.

直接燃烧超临界CO2 （DFSC）循环是一种新型、高效、低碳的发电技术。本文综述了各种DFSC循环布局及其性能。天然气和固体燃料布局的能源效率分别为49.32-65.7%和18.25-53.19%。超临界CO2 （sCO2）燃烧室是实现DFSC循环系统高效、绿色运行的关键热端部件。这项工作追溯了sCO2燃烧器的演变，并研究了它们的设计特征，包括几何形状、冷却方法和喷嘴。针对CO排放和燃烧稳定性这两个问题，从喷嘴结构、燃烧组织方式、氧化剂组成等方面提出了一种概念性sCO2燃烧器，为sCO2燃烧器的未来发展提供思路和参考。数值燃烧对于理解sCO2全氧燃料燃烧特性，从而帮助燃烧室设计具有重要意义。因此，本文从sCO2燃烧动力学出发，总结了动力学模型（化学反应、状态方程、热力学和输运参数、混合规律）的优化方法，并将基本燃烧特性与动力学模型进行了比较。在此基础上，进一步总结了sCO2湍流燃烧特性。由于高精度数值模拟的计算效率和成本的限制，提出了一种利用机器学习辅助研究sCO2全氧燃烧和燃烧室设计的有效方法。未来的研究应侧重于实验和开发高效、高保真的数值模拟框架。

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