Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530656
Aaron Ciaghi, Tatenda Chatikobo, L. Dalvit, Darsha Indrajith, M. Miya, Pietro Benedetto Molini, Adolfo Villafiorita
This paper describes a collaborative experience in the initial development of hyperlocal services for marginalised communities in Southern Africa. Problems specific to urban, peri-urban and rural contexts were identified in collaboration with local community members and NGOs in South Africa and Angola. Selected topics were presented to a group of volunteer developers for initial proof-of-concept application development at an event hosted in Italy. The volunteers produced 6 prototype applications that were demonstrated at the end of the event to a panel of experts and members of one of the interested rural communities.
{"title":"Hacking for Southern Africa: Collaborative development of hyperlocal services for marginalised communities","authors":"Aaron Ciaghi, Tatenda Chatikobo, L. Dalvit, Darsha Indrajith, M. Miya, Pietro Benedetto Molini, Adolfo Villafiorita","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530656","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a collaborative experience in the initial development of hyperlocal services for marginalised communities in Southern Africa. Problems specific to urban, peri-urban and rural contexts were identified in collaboration with local community members and NGOs in South Africa and Angola. Selected topics were presented to a group of volunteer developers for initial proof-of-concept application development at an event hosted in Italy. The volunteers produced 6 prototype applications that were demonstrated at the end of the event to a panel of experts and members of one of the interested rural communities.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131015838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530667
A. Botha, Vathiswa M. Booi
Amid the rapid proliferation of first mobile devices and lately, mobile broadband, South Africa is uniquely situated to harness the promises that Mhealth have been reported to hold. Over the past years, Mhealth implementations have spread to incorporate a wide range of Mhealth applications to service the Health System information needs and end user needs. This paper aims to describe the current state of mHealth applications and implementation in South Africa by a review of reported MHealth Implementations and the stakeholders that collaborate in the space.
{"title":"mHealth implementation in South Africa","authors":"A. Botha, Vathiswa M. Booi","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530667","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the rapid proliferation of first mobile devices and lately, mobile broadband, South Africa is uniquely situated to harness the promises that Mhealth have been reported to hold. Over the past years, Mhealth implementations have spread to incorporate a wide range of Mhealth applications to service the Health System information needs and end user needs. This paper aims to describe the current state of mHealth applications and implementation in South Africa by a review of reported MHealth Implementations and the stakeholders that collaborate in the space.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134218418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530643
Balone Ndaba, H. Suleman, C. Keet, Langa Khumalo
Correct spelling contributes to good content accessibility and readability for textual documents. However, there are few spellcheckers for Bantu languages such as isiZulu, the major language in South Africa. The objective of this research is to investigate development of spellcheckers for isiZulu and, more generally, an approach that can be reused across Bantu languages. To fill this gap in an extensible way, we used data-driven statistical language models with trigrams and quadrigrams. The models were trained on three different isiZulu corpora, being Ukwabelana, a selection of the isiZulu National Corpus, and a small corpus of news items. The system performed better with trigrams than with quadrigrams, and performance depended on the training and testing corpora. When the system was trained with old text (bible in isiZulu), it did not perform well when tested with the two corpora that contain more recent texts, such as the constitution and news items. The highest accuracy obtained was 89%. Given that data-driven statistical language models constitute a language-independent approach, we conclude that data-driven spellcheckers for all Bantu languages are indeed feasible. They are, however, sensitive to the training and testing data. This is less resource-intensive compared to manual specification of rules, and therefore the potential impact on realising spellcheckers for Bantu languages is now practically within reach. The potential societal impact of spellchecker-supported tools and apps is incalculable.
{"title":"The effects of a corpus on isiZulu spellcheckers based on N-grams","authors":"Balone Ndaba, H. Suleman, C. Keet, Langa Khumalo","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530643","url":null,"abstract":"Correct spelling contributes to good content accessibility and readability for textual documents. However, there are few spellcheckers for Bantu languages such as isiZulu, the major language in South Africa. The objective of this research is to investigate development of spellcheckers for isiZulu and, more generally, an approach that can be reused across Bantu languages. To fill this gap in an extensible way, we used data-driven statistical language models with trigrams and quadrigrams. The models were trained on three different isiZulu corpora, being Ukwabelana, a selection of the isiZulu National Corpus, and a small corpus of news items. The system performed better with trigrams than with quadrigrams, and performance depended on the training and testing corpora. When the system was trained with old text (bible in isiZulu), it did not perform well when tested with the two corpora that contain more recent texts, such as the constitution and news items. The highest accuracy obtained was 89%. Given that data-driven statistical language models constitute a language-independent approach, we conclude that data-driven spellcheckers for all Bantu languages are indeed feasible. They are, however, sensitive to the training and testing data. This is less resource-intensive compared to manual specification of rules, and therefore the potential impact on realising spellcheckers for Bantu languages is now practically within reach. The potential societal impact of spellchecker-supported tools and apps is incalculable.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134310217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530687
A. Gichamba, Peter Waiganjo, D. Orwa, R. Wario, B. Ngari
mAgriculture applications are gaining popularity in developing countries, with various services provided on the mobile platform. However, most of the applications do not get to the extent of widespread adoption, due to reasons that include but not limited to poor requirements gathering process that does not fully accommodate the intended user, poor design principles, development or deployments. In this research paper, we looked at the process of prototyping an mAgriculture application among smallholder farmers. The research involved 56 farmers from Kirinyaga and Embu counties in Kenya. The aim of this research was to evaluate the usage of an mAgriculture platform and to identify the factors that influence the usage of an mAgriculture application among smallholder farmers. The study identified various key factors that determine the usage of mAgriculture applications, as well as key considerations that should be considered for mAgriculture applications.
{"title":"Prototyping mAgriculture applications among smallholder farmers","authors":"A. Gichamba, Peter Waiganjo, D. Orwa, R. Wario, B. Ngari","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530687","url":null,"abstract":"mAgriculture applications are gaining popularity in developing countries, with various services provided on the mobile platform. However, most of the applications do not get to the extent of widespread adoption, due to reasons that include but not limited to poor requirements gathering process that does not fully accommodate the intended user, poor design principles, development or deployments. In this research paper, we looked at the process of prototyping an mAgriculture application among smallholder farmers. The research involved 56 farmers from Kirinyaga and Embu counties in Kenya. The aim of this research was to evaluate the usage of an mAgriculture platform and to identify the factors that influence the usage of an mAgriculture application among smallholder farmers. The study identified various key factors that determine the usage of mAgriculture applications, as well as key considerations that should be considered for mAgriculture applications.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127958763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530658
T. Itagaki, T. Owens, P. Orero
17 June 2015 was the deadline for the switchover from analogue to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTV) in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. The DTV4ALL Project was a project funded by the European Commission under the CIP ICT Policy Support Programme to facilitate the provision of access services on digital television across the European Union; The call for proposals under which the project was funded was issued in response to the switch-off of analogue terrestrial television service in Europe being set to begin in 2012. The motivation for the call was to ensure the switchover would take place in such a way as to be favourable to the provision of access services. This paper summarises the main lessons learned from the DTV4ALL Project in terms of the provision of access services on DTV and highlights their possible application in Africa for the purposes of fostering e-inclusion and e-accessibility through digital TV.
{"title":"Digital TV accessibility — Analogue switch off in Europe and Africa","authors":"T. Itagaki, T. Owens, P. Orero","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530658","url":null,"abstract":"17 June 2015 was the deadline for the switchover from analogue to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTV) in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. The DTV4ALL Project was a project funded by the European Commission under the CIP ICT Policy Support Programme to facilitate the provision of access services on digital television across the European Union; The call for proposals under which the project was funded was issued in response to the switch-off of analogue terrestrial television service in Europe being set to begin in 2012. The motivation for the call was to ensure the switchover would take place in such a way as to be favourable to the provision of access services. This paper summarises the main lessons learned from the DTV4ALL Project in terms of the provision of access services on DTV and highlights their possible application in Africa for the purposes of fostering e-inclusion and e-accessibility through digital TV.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116366035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530594
Gorretti Byomire, F. Namisango, Maria Miiro Kafuko
The steadfast growth of cities in developing countries is accompanied by high levels of poverty and hunger which in turn forces urban dwellers to engage in farming activities to satisfy their food levels and sell the surplus. However these farmers lack acquisition of adequate knowledge and information to improve their farming practices. There is no forum that brings farmers together for lesson and message sharing. Social media as a form of ICT has caught a tremendous role of facilitating dissemination of agricultural information providing a platform for interaction between farmers. The study aimed at investigating the use of Social Media to strengthen service delivery for urban agriculture in Uganda using a survey. The results indicate that the use of social media for urban agriculture should consider the dimensions of: Perceived Value, Training, Social Influence and Social Awareness as factors for the successful use of Social Media to Strengthen Service Delivery for Urban Agriculture.
{"title":"Use of Social Media to strengthen Service Delivery for Urban Agriculture in Uganda","authors":"Gorretti Byomire, F. Namisango, Maria Miiro Kafuko","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530594","url":null,"abstract":"The steadfast growth of cities in developing countries is accompanied by high levels of poverty and hunger which in turn forces urban dwellers to engage in farming activities to satisfy their food levels and sell the surplus. However these farmers lack acquisition of adequate knowledge and information to improve their farming practices. There is no forum that brings farmers together for lesson and message sharing. Social media as a form of ICT has caught a tremendous role of facilitating dissemination of agricultural information providing a platform for interaction between farmers. The study aimed at investigating the use of Social Media to strengthen service delivery for urban agriculture in Uganda using a survey. The results indicate that the use of social media for urban agriculture should consider the dimensions of: Perceived Value, Training, Social Influence and Social Awareness as factors for the successful use of Social Media to Strengthen Service Delivery for Urban Agriculture.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114462801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530647
Victor Oluwatobiloba Adeniji, M. Scott, Nomnga Phumzile
This study presents an automated Online Biometric-enabled Class Attendance Register System (OBCARS) prototype. The system design and development is aimed at addressing the challenges of misplaced and/or torn attendance register paper sheets in various classrooms in Higher Educational Institutions. Also, the system is aimed at providing an efficient and effective class attendance tracking method that prevents attendance marking impersonation among students, and eases students' attendance record computation. The system adopted the use of biometric fingerprint reader for an individual student to input his/her attendance record for lectures attended in the system's back-end database. The system was tested with 50 students in the Department of Computer Science, University of Fort Hare Alice, South Africa for usability and fingerprint recognition accuracy. The test result indicated 97% accuracy at system level. The average execution time for student attendance tracking is 8.7 seconds against 22.6 seconds using paper attendance.
{"title":"Development of an Online Biometric-enabled Class Attendance Register System","authors":"Victor Oluwatobiloba Adeniji, M. Scott, Nomnga Phumzile","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530647","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an automated Online Biometric-enabled Class Attendance Register System (OBCARS) prototype. The system design and development is aimed at addressing the challenges of misplaced and/or torn attendance register paper sheets in various classrooms in Higher Educational Institutions. Also, the system is aimed at providing an efficient and effective class attendance tracking method that prevents attendance marking impersonation among students, and eases students' attendance record computation. The system adopted the use of biometric fingerprint reader for an individual student to input his/her attendance record for lectures attended in the system's back-end database. The system was tested with 50 students in the Department of Computer Science, University of Fort Hare Alice, South Africa for usability and fingerprint recognition accuracy. The test result indicated 97% accuracy at system level. The average execution time for student attendance tracking is 8.7 seconds against 22.6 seconds using paper attendance.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127588583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530632
C. Gremu, A. Terzoli, Mosiuoa Tsietsi
Development and implementation of appropriate e-services as well as revenue generation are key to deploying and sustaining ICT installations in poor areas in developing countries. The area of e-Health is a promising area for e-Services that are important to populations in poor areas and health service organisations that are already spending money on different health initiatives in these areas. This paper discusses an e-Health service that facilitates dissemination of health information to people living in poor areas and that is subsequently used to generate revenue to support deployment and development of ICT in the areas. The tool was developed within the context of the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL), a multi-stakeholder operation that promotes ICT for Development in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Creation of health content for the e-health service and its subsequent consumption happen in two different environments from a technological and social point of view. To enable this to happen, the e-service comprises two component applications that run in a peer-to-peer fashion. The component that is used to disseminate content for end-user consumption is called the HealthMessenger. The HealthMessenger is hosted on an environment called TeleWeaver, an application integration platform developed within the SLL to host software applications targeting people living in poor areas. The platform is customised to support services with a revenue generation component.
{"title":"HealthMessenger: An e-health service to support ICT deployments in poor areas","authors":"C. Gremu, A. Terzoli, Mosiuoa Tsietsi","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530632","url":null,"abstract":"Development and implementation of appropriate e-services as well as revenue generation are key to deploying and sustaining ICT installations in poor areas in developing countries. The area of e-Health is a promising area for e-Services that are important to populations in poor areas and health service organisations that are already spending money on different health initiatives in these areas. This paper discusses an e-Health service that facilitates dissemination of health information to people living in poor areas and that is subsequently used to generate revenue to support deployment and development of ICT in the areas. The tool was developed within the context of the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL), a multi-stakeholder operation that promotes ICT for Development in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Creation of health content for the e-health service and its subsequent consumption happen in two different environments from a technological and social point of view. To enable this to happen, the e-service comprises two component applications that run in a peer-to-peer fashion. The component that is used to disseminate content for end-user consumption is called the HealthMessenger. The HealthMessenger is hosted on an environment called TeleWeaver, an application integration platform developed within the SLL to host software applications targeting people living in poor areas. The platform is customised to support services with a revenue generation component.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125641031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530607
Sunthoshan G. Govender, E. Kritzinger, Marianne Loock
The strength of information security within organisations and countries is very much determined by the information security culture of people. The human factor of information security plays a significant role in securing information assets. National culture has an impact on organisational culture and therefore is also a consideration for enhancing information security culture. This research looks at the value of information security culture in organisations, frameworks for information security culture and the impact of national culture on organisational culture.
{"title":"The influence of national culture on information security culture","authors":"Sunthoshan G. Govender, E. Kritzinger, Marianne Loock","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530607","url":null,"abstract":"The strength of information security within organisations and countries is very much determined by the information security culture of people. The human factor of information security plays a significant role in securing information assets. National culture has an impact on organisational culture and therefore is also a consideration for enhancing information security culture. This research looks at the value of information security culture in organisations, frameworks for information security culture and the impact of national culture on organisational culture.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126405980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-11DOI: 10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530584
Joshua De Lange, Rossouw von Solms, M. Gerber
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become so pervasive in most organizations, that business functions are almost completely dependent on it. ICT is the platform that enables most of the organization's information processing and storage. Within the context of local government, this is also the case as ICT plays a crucial role in achieving their goal of service delivery to their communities. Due to its high importance, the information and related ICT systems should be adequately protected by the process of information security management. However, the problem remains that the efforts of local government in addressing information security is unsatisfactory. In order to address this, the objective of this paper is to propose an architecture, combined with a process model, which aims to assist local government to improve their information security management. This architecture and process model was refined by engaging with practitioners within local government and is not only applicable to South Africa, but also the rest of Africa.
{"title":"Information security management in local government","authors":"Joshua De Lange, Rossouw von Solms, M. Gerber","doi":"10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAFRICA.2016.7530584","url":null,"abstract":"Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become so pervasive in most organizations, that business functions are almost completely dependent on it. ICT is the platform that enables most of the organization's information processing and storage. Within the context of local government, this is also the case as ICT plays a crucial role in achieving their goal of service delivery to their communities. Due to its high importance, the information and related ICT systems should be adequately protected by the process of information security management. However, the problem remains that the efforts of local government in addressing information security is unsatisfactory. In order to address this, the objective of this paper is to propose an architecture, combined with a process model, which aims to assist local government to improve their information security management. This architecture and process model was refined by engaging with practitioners within local government and is not only applicable to South Africa, but also the rest of Africa.","PeriodicalId":326074,"journal":{"name":"2016 IST-Africa Week Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125179229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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