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Fault Detection of Grid-connected Looped Microgrid Based on Differential Energy Estimation in Time Domain 基于时域差分能量估计的并网环形微电网故障检测
A. Chandra, G. Singh, V. Pant
The proliferation of distributed generation (DG) in the emerging microgrid system is undermined due to substantial challenges associated with the protection. Due to the penetration of DGs, fault level in the microgrid changes significantly. To address this, a simple and fast protection algorithm, based on Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO), is proposed in this paper for the protection of grid-connected 14 BUS looped microgrid. This scheme requires the current to be measured from both ends of the line for extracting the energy of the current signal. Further to detect and classify the fault and faulted line, the energy difference of the current signal is used. To verify the effectiveness of this proposed scheme, high impedance fault cases are also studied. This technique is principally relying on the energy difference of currents, not on current magnitude directly; therefore, it can subdue the difficulties that are associated with the dynamic current behaviour of a microgrid. Moreover, it does not suffer from the computational complexity; and thus, inherently fastening the detection process.
由于与保护相关的重大挑战,分布式发电(DG)在新兴微电网系统中的扩散受到了破坏。由于dg的渗透,微电网的故障水平发生了显著变化。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)的简单快速的并网14总线环形微电网保护算法。该方案要求从线路两端测量电流,以提取电流信号的能量。进一步利用电流信号的能量差对故障和故障线路进行检测和分类。为了验证该方案的有效性,还研究了高阻抗故障案例。这种技术主要依赖于电流的能量差,而不是电流的大小;因此,它可以克服与微电网动态电流行为相关的困难。此外,它不受计算复杂性的影响;因此,固有地加强了检测过程。
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引用次数: 1
Optimal Control and Voltage Regulation of A Hydrogen Fuel-Cell 氢燃料电池的最优控制与电压调节
Konark Patra, Debendu Puhan, Siddhanta Pani, Samikshya Mishra
In the recent era the carbon emission is increasing rapidly which leads to the strange change in the climate in our universe with the use of non-ecofriendly energies. To reduce the emission and pollution the clean renewable energy sources (RES) are now being employed worldwide. Confining the ability of the renewable energy sources to discover substitute for generation of energy by the technique which mitigate carbon emission as well as the pollution and provide a clean energy that yield better performance and maximum efficiency. As hydrogen fuel-cell technology is clean and ecofriendly energy source and also can meet the energy requirement. In this paper, the voltage regulation of the hydrogen fuel-cell is taken into consideration. The intention of the assignment is to control the output voltage by using integral time absolute error (ITAE) and execution of intelligent optimization technique that is genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to minimize the objective function to get an improved gain value for the controller used in the model.
近年来,随着非环保能源的使用,碳排放量迅速增加,导致了我们宇宙气候的奇怪变化。为了减少排放和污染,清洁的可再生能源(RES)正在全球范围内得到应用。限制可再生能源的能力,通过减少碳排放和污染的技术来发现替代能源的产生,并提供一种产生更好的性能和最大效率的清洁能源。由于氢燃料电池技术是清洁、环保的能源,能够满足能源需求。本文考虑了氢燃料电池的电压调节问题。分配的目的是利用积分时间绝对误差(ITAE)来控制输出电压,并采用智能优化技术,即遗传算法(GA)来最小化目标函数,以获得模型中所用控制器的改进增益值。
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引用次数: 0
Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using an Artificial Intelligence Model 利用人工智能模型预测太阳辐照度
P. K. Ray, Anindya Bharatee, P. S. Puhan, Sourav Sahoo
The paper presents the solar energy prediction using ANN in order to effectively predict solar irradiance. With increasing interest in the scope for renewable energy, many countries are adopting new technologies of solar photovoltaic which has higher solar resource potential. If in advance of 24 hours, solar irradiance can be predicted, then it would help us immensely to optimize the energy production efficiency. Traditional methods which were used involved empirical, analytical, and physics-based models, statistical forecasting of solar data, and numerical methods to effectively predict the amount of solar irradiation. With the increasing use of Machine Learning better predictive models are being developed which help us to forecast better thereby reducing the error and increasing the efficiency.
为了有效地预测太阳辐照度,提出了利用人工神经网络进行太阳能预测的方法。随着人们对可再生能源领域的兴趣日益浓厚,许多国家正在采用具有更高太阳能资源潜力的太阳能光伏新技术。如果能提前24小时预测太阳辐照度,将极大地帮助我们优化能源生产效率。传统的方法包括经验、分析和基于物理的模型、太阳数据的统计预测和数值方法,以有效地预测太阳辐照量。随着机器学习的使用越来越多,更好的预测模型被开发出来,帮助我们更好地预测,从而减少误差,提高效率。
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引用次数: 0
Coordinated Synthetic Inertia Control Provision from Distributed Energy Resources and Energy Storage Systems 分布式能源与储能系统的协同综合惯性控制
S. Nema, Vivek Prakash, R. Bhakar, H. Pandžić
Large-scale integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into power grids reduces the system inertial response. Reduced inertial response results in high Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (RoCoF) and poses operational challenges regarding the grid frequency stability. The need for Fast Frequency Response (FFR) like Synthetic Inertia Control (SIC) is recognized globally as one of the potential solutions to this challenge. This paper proposes a novel SIC control strategy in an islanded microgrid framework with DERs like wind, photovoltaic, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Diesel generator and inverters. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to tune the SIC droop, the damping and inverter the time constant. Furthermore, a PID controller is implemented for fine tuning of the synthetic inertia constants. The proposed approach is examined in a control area with distinct degrees of DERs and load. Case studies and numerical results demonstrate about 94% improvement in RoCoF and 72% improvement in the frequency nadir.
分布式能源在电网中的大规模集成降低了系统的惯性响应。惯性响应的减少导致了高频率变化率(RoCoF),并对电网频率稳定性提出了操作挑战。对快速频率响应(FFR)的需求,如合成惯性控制(SIC),被全球公认为是应对这一挑战的潜在解决方案之一。本文提出了一种具有风力、光伏、储能系统、柴油发电机和逆变器等分布式电源的孤岛微电网控制策略。采用粒子群算法(PSO)对SIC的下垂、阻尼和逆变器的时间常数进行调节。此外,还实现了PID控制器对合成惯性常数进行微调。在具有不同程度的der和负载的控制区域中对所提出的方法进行了检验。案例研究和数值结果表明,RoCoF改善了94%,频率最低点改善了72%。
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引用次数: 3
Disturbance Estimation and Compensation Based on Frequency Response in an Islanded Microgrid 孤岛微电网频率响应干扰估计与补偿
Yogesh Singh, Ritula Thakur
Due to the large deployment of inverter-based power sources; the overall inertia of islanded microgrids is low. This results in an increase in the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and a decrease in the minimum value of frequency (frequency nadir) in case of any disturbance on the load side or generation side. This paper presents a dynamic frequency model for estimating the power imbalance in islanded microgrids and supplying the required power using the primary frequency control technique. This model of a microgrid is developed in Typhoon real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulator using renewable energy sources and parallel operated synchronous generators for real-time validation.
由于大规模部署基于逆变器的电源;孤岛微电网的整体惯性较低。这导致初始频率变化率(RoCoF)的增加和频率最小值(频率最低点)的减少,以防负载侧或发电侧受到任何干扰。本文提出了一个动态频率模型,用于估算孤岛微电网的功率不平衡,并利用一次频率控制技术提供所需的功率。该微电网模型是在台风实时硬件在环模拟器中开发的,使用可再生能源和并联同步发电机进行实时验证。
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引用次数: 0
Circular Polarized Triple Band Micro-strip Patch Antenna for S-C- X Band Communication 用于S-C- X波段通信的圆极化三带微带贴片天线
R. Nema, A. Nema, Puran Gour
Triple Band Micro-Strip Patch Antenna fabricated and designed for S-Band, C-Band, and X-Band Communication. Slot cutting techniques are used in patch to improve impedance matching. T shapes, F shape, and Inverted L-Slot has been designing on the patch. The designed antenna is highly circular and polarized across three bands. Symmetrical T-Slot is used to improve the bandwidth. The dimensions of the designed antenna are 2.7 * 2.7 cm2. Three notches are generated at 2.5GHz, 7.2GHz, and 10.8GHz where the value of return losses is less than −10dB, the three operating bands are S-Band, C-Band, and X-Band where impedance and axial ration bandwidth improve simultaneously. The antenna is fabricated and tested experimentally and achieved an agreement with simulated results.
三波段微带贴片天线制造和设计的s波段,c波段,和x波段通信。在贴片中采用槽切割技术来改善阻抗匹配。在贴片上设计了T型、F型和倒l型槽。设计的天线是高度圆形的,并在三个波段上极化。采用对称T-Slot提高带宽。设计的天线尺寸为2.7 * 2.7 cm2。在2.5GHz、7.2GHz和10.8GHz产生三个陷波,回波损耗值小于- 10dB,三个工作频段分别为s波段、c波段和x波段,阻抗和轴向比带宽同时提高。对该天线进行了制作和实验测试,与仿真结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 1
Maximum Power Generation From Solar Panel By Using P & O MPPT 利用P & O MPPT实现太阳能电池板的最大功率
Rahul Kumar Sahu, Arnab Ghosh
This paper explains the use of maximum power point technique which can led to the generation of maximum power from the solar panel. Here in this paper Perturb and Observe maximum power point technique (MPPT) is used for the tracking of maximum power point and PI controller for the controlling purpose which acts as feedback and feeds the PWM generator. Here PV Array is used which absorbs the sunlight and generates power and Boost Converter is used to increase the voltage level.
本文解释了使用最大功率点技术,可以导致从太阳能电池板产生最大功率。本文采用扰动和观察最大功率点技术(MPPT)对最大功率点进行跟踪,并采用PI控制器进行控制,PI控制器作为反馈馈入PWM发生器。这里使用光伏阵列来吸收阳光并产生电力,使用升压转换器来提高电压水平。
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引用次数: 2
Performance Analysis of Fuzzy-PID Controller in Nuclear, dish-Stirling Solar Thermal and Reheat Thermal Energy Integrated Deregulated Power System 核-碟-斯特林太阳能热和再热热一体化无调节电力系统的模糊pid控制器性能分析
Ashis Ranjan Behera, R. Mallick, Ramachandra Agrawal, P. Nayak, Sayantan Sinha
In this paper, a research attempt has been made on a two-area interconnected power system under deregulated scenario in automatic generation control (AGC) by integrating solar thermal system (STS), nuclear power system (NPS) and reheat thermal system (RTS). The performance of a PID controller abetted by fuzzy logic is tested and its superiority over PI controller, PID controller and Fuzzy PI controller is proved. The gains of controller are fine-tuned by a new optimization strategy called water cycle algorithm (WCA). The proposed model is inspected under poolco contract, bilateral contract and contract violation and a comparison is carried out with respect to overshoot, undershoot and settling time. The robustness of the proposed fuzzy PID (FPID) controller is confirmed under random load perturbation (RLP).
本文对太阳能热系统(STS)、核电系统(NPS)和再热热系统(RTS)在解除管制情景下的两区互联发电系统自动发电控制(AGC)进行了研究尝试。测试了模糊逻辑辅助PID控制器的性能,证明了其优于PI控制器、PID控制器和模糊PI控制器。采用一种新的优化策略——水循环算法(WCA)对控制器的增益进行微调。对所提出的模型分别在合租合同、双边合同和合同违约情况下进行了检验,并对超调、欠调和结算时间进行了比较。在随机负载扰动下,模糊PID (FPID)控制器的鲁棒性得到了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Single-Phase UPC with Lithium-Ion Battery System 锂离子电池系统单相UPC
N. Patnaik, Sri Vamsi Deevi, Sai Teja Varma Lakkarsu, Sri Sai Wenkat Nizampatnam
This paper proposes a new Direct DC-link voltage controlled single-phase Universal Power Compensator (UPC) in combination with Lithium-ion cell bank system. UPC not only handles the power quality issues related to current and voltage but also takes care of power interruption with an auxiliary supply system consisting of lithium-ion cells. The lithium-ion cells available may be from another system (like electric vehicles or any other system) or available as a dedicated source can be utilized affectively with the UPC system. The two compensators (for current and voltage compensation) of UPC system are equally allowed to handle the power rating from the common connected secondary source to the load, which is assumed to be a sensitive and emergency load. Since the load is sensitive, any kind of voltage disturbance from the supply side in the form of sag and swell is taken care of by the series compensator. Moreover, the shunt compensator takes care of the harmonics being introduced by the non-linear loads, to maintain the source side power quality in terms of keeping the source current THD below 5 %. The two compensators are also utilized equally to deliver the power from secondary source (Li-ion cells) to the emergency load, in case of source interruption, with a special arrangement of the configuration. The analysis of the proposed single-phase UPC system is carried out for different operating conditions using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
本文提出了一种结合锂离子电池组系统的直流直流压控单相通用功率补偿器(UPC)。UPC不仅处理与电流和电压相关的电能质量问题,还通过由锂离子电池组成的辅助供电系统处理电源中断问题。可用的锂离子电池可以来自其他系统(如电动汽车或任何其他系统),也可以作为专用来源,可以与UPC系统有效地利用。UPC系统的两个补偿器(用于电流和电压补偿)被同等地允许处理从共同连接的二次源到负载的额定功率,该负载假定为敏感和紧急负载。由于负载是敏感的,任何形式的电压扰动从供电侧的下垂和膨胀的形式是由串联补偿器照顾。此外,并联补偿器负责非线性负载引入的谐波,以保持源侧电能质量,将源电流THD保持在5%以下。在电源中断的情况下,这两个补偿器也被平等地利用,以特殊的配置安排将二次电源(锂离子电池)的电力输送到紧急负载。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK对所提出的单相UPC系统在不同工况下进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
OTP Based Authentication Model for Autonomous Delivery Systems Using Raspberry Pi 基于OTP的树莓派自主配送系统认证模型
S. Rani, Shreya Pradeep, R. Dinesh, Shiv Prabhu
Autonomous delivery services have been at the forefront of retail and e-commerce industries in the recent past. Higher efficiency, the ability to deliver in remote places, and sustainability are some of the many features of autonomous delivery systems that have boosted their growth in various fields. This paper proposes a model that enables autonomous delivery to be more secure. The model is designed to implement an authentication mechanism by employing a One-Time Password, that verifies the delivery recipient. This system enhances the delivery service by eliminating the risk of incorrect deliveries and other security threats. The addition of this security layer to autonomous delivery systems can make them less dependent on human verification and enhance the security aspects of the delivery.
近年来,自主配送服务一直处于零售和电子商务行业的前沿。更高的效率、在偏远地区交付的能力和可持续性是自主交付系统的许多特征之一,这些特征促进了它们在各个领域的发展。本文提出了一个使自主交付更加安全的模型。该模型旨在通过使用一次性密码(One-Time Password)来实现身份验证机制,该机制用于验证交付接收者。该系统通过消除错误交付的风险和其他安全威胁来提高交付服务。将此安全层添加到自动交付系统中可以减少对人工验证的依赖,并增强交付的安全性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 International Conference on Intelligent Controller and Computing for Smart Power (ICICCSP)
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