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Analysis of Gate Oxides in LDMOS for Radiation Hardening Against SEGR LDMOS中栅极氧化物抗SEGR辐射硬化分析
Jayadev Pavuluri, Sanjeev M. Ranjan, Alok Naugarhiya
A brief analysis of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) LDMOS with various High-K Gate dielectrics under radiation environment was done in this paper. Four High-K gate dielectric stacks, $mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N}_{boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}},mathbf{Al}_{boldsymbol{2}}mathbf{O}_{boldsymbol{3}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}, mathbf{AlN}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}},$ and $mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}},$ are used to study the corresponding Strike fields, Breakdown voltages, and other significant parameters, and a comparison was made against Conventional LDMOS structure. It has been observed that the SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric and SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{Si}_{mathbf{3}}mathbf{N}_{mathbf{4}}-mathbf{SiO}_{mathbf{2}}$ gate dielectric provides better radiation hardening against SEGR compared to other dielectrics and SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{AlN}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ stack provides least radiation hardening against SEGR. The buried oxide layer modulates the electric field at the drift region and increases the Breakdown voltage. For an ion strike of linear energy transfer (LET) of 89 $mathbf{MeV.}mathbf{cm}^{boldsymbol{2}}/mathbf{mg}$, Strike fields of SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{RfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric and SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N}_{boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric are reduced by 15.3%, 28.8%, respectively compared to conventional LDMOS. For SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{RfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric, Breakdown voltage (BV) is increased by 20.09% compared to conventional LDMOS, and for SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N}_{boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric, BV is increased by 18.95%, compared to conventional LDMOS. Therefore, the Figure of Merit (FOM) of SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric and SOI LDMOS with $mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N}_{boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$ gate dielectric is improved by 29.21 % and 40.9%, respectively. Proposed LDMOS structures can be used for designing DC-to-DC converters in the radiation environment, in aerospace and satellite applications.
本文对不同高钾栅极介质的绝缘体上硅(SOI) LDMOS在辐射环境下的性能进行了简要分析。利用$mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N}_{boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}、mathbf{Al}_{boldsymbol{2}}、mathbf{AlN}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}、$和$mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}、$和$mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}研究相应的击穿场、击穿电压和其他重要参数,并与传统LDMOS结构进行比较。结果表明,$mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$栅极电介质的SOI LDMOS和$mathbf{Si}_{mathbf{3}}mathbf{N}} {mathbf{4}}-mathbf{SiO}} {mathbf{2}}$栅极电介质的SOI LDMOS对SEGR的辐射硬化性能较好,而$mathbf{AlN}-mathbf{SiO}} {boldsymbol{2}}$栅极电介质的SOI LDMOS对SEGR的辐射硬化性能最低。埋地氧化层调制漂移区电场,提高击穿电压。对于线性能量传递(LET)为89 $mathbf{MeV的离子撞击。$mathbf{cm}^{boldsymbol{2}}/mathbf{mg}$, $mathbf{RfO}} {boldsymbol{2}}- $ mathbf{SiO}} {boldsymbol{2}}$栅极电介质和$mathbf{Si}} {boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N}} {boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO} {boldsymbol{2}}$栅极电介质的SOI LDMOS的打击场分别比传统LDMOS减小了15.3%、28.8%。对于$mathbf{RfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$栅极介质的SOI LDMOS,击穿电压(BV)比传统LDMOS提高了20.09%;对于$mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N} {boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO} {boldsymbol{2}}$栅极介质的SOI LDMOS,击穿电压(BV)比传统LDMOS提高了18.95%。因此,$mathbf{HfO}_{boldsymbol{2}}-mathbf{SiO}_{boldsymbol{2}}$栅极电介质的SOI LDMOS和$mathbf{Si}_{boldsymbol{3}}mathbf{N} {boldsymbol{4}}-mathbf{SiO} {boldsymbol{2}}$栅极电介质的SOI LDMOS的品质因数分别提高了29.21%和40.9%。所提出的LDMOS结构可用于设计辐射环境、航空航天和卫星应用中的dc - dc转换器。
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引用次数: 0
A Solar-PV Integrated Novel Reduced-Switch UPQC Device for Power-Quality Improvement 一种改进电能质量的新型太阳能-光伏集成少开关UPQC装置
Sai Venkat Vemala, L. Rao, Teja Yarroju, Sai Kiran Utla, Subhani Shaik
Recent days, the efficient distributed generation scheme is encouraged for obtaining required load demand by employing solar-PV energy generation complying with power-quality limitations. Amid of various custom-power devices, the Universal Power-Quality Compensator is the best choice for compensation of both voltage and current allied power-quality issues in distribution system. But, the traditional UPQC device consists of more switching devices which increases the dv/dt stress, switching loss, low efficiency performance, etc. In this regard, a novel reduced-switch UPQC has been proposed with the requirement of fewer switch elements over the traditional UPQC device. The proposed RSUPQC device is used for enhancing power-quality features and DG integration scheme for stabilizing the utility-grid fluctuations by using novel modulation-rate control technique. The performance of proposed RSUPQC device is verified in both power-quality enhancement and DG integration modes by using Matlab/Simulink tool, results are presented.
近年来,高效的分布式发电方案受到鼓励,通过采用符合电能质量限制的太阳能光伏发电来获得所需的负荷需求。在各种自定义功率器件中,通用电能质量补偿器是对配电系统电压和电流相关电能质量问题进行补偿的最佳选择。但是,传统的UPQC器件由较多的开关器件组成,增加了dv/dt应力、开关损耗、效率低下等问题。为此,提出了一种新型的减少开关的UPQC,它比传统的UPQC设备要求更少的开关元件。提出的RSUPQC装置用于增强电能质量特性,DG集成方案采用新颖的调制速率控制技术来稳定电网波动。利用Matlab/Simulink工具对RSUPQC器件在电能质量增强和DG集成两种模式下的性能进行了验证,并给出了结果。
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引用次数: 0
Concurrent Optimization of Sizing and Scheduling for Battery Storage in Power Distribution Network 配电网中蓄电池储能规模与调度的并行优化
S. Samantaray, P. Kayal
Modern power distribution infrastructure are characterised by efficient and reliable power delivery. However, utilities are facing challenges due to highly volatile demand pattern caused by the variety of loads used by the customers. The necessity of using battery storage systems (BSSs) has come into the scene to ease the challenges. However, planning and integration of BSSs in power distribution network is crucial. This paper presents a strategy for optimal sizing and charging discharging scheduling of BSSs in a power distribution network. The suitable size and schedule of BSSs in a 24-hour time frame has been identified using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique with viewpoint of minimization of annualized network power loss cost and BSSs investment cost. To test the efficacy of the proposed method it has been is tested on a typical 28-bus Indian radial distribution system. The reduction of network power losses and improvement in low voltage points of the network in high demand hours using proposed model establishes its importance in distribution system (DS) expansion planning.
现代配电基础设施的特点是高效可靠的供电。然而,由于客户使用的各种负载引起的需求模式高度不稳定,公用事业公司面临着挑战。为了缓解这些挑战,使用电池存储系统(bss)的必要性已经出现。然而,配电网中bss的规划和集成至关重要。本文提出了配电网中bss的最优规模和充放电调度策略。从年化电网损失成本和bss投资成本最小化的角度出发,利用粒子群优化技术确定了bss在24小时内的合适规模和调度。为了验证该方法的有效性,在典型的28母线印度径向配电系统上进行了测试。利用该模型可以有效地降低电网损耗,改善高需求时段电网低压点,从而证明了该模型在配电网扩容规划中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
An Asymmetric Source Configuration of Single-Phase CHB-MLI Topology with a Generalized Reduced-Carrier Modulation Technique 基于广义减载波调制技术的单相CHB-MLI拓扑非对称源结构
Kavya Tammali, Sai Srujan Vangala, Sushmitha Vattikonda, Kowstubha Palle, A. Bhanuchandar, Kasoju Bharath Kumar
In this paper, a generalized reduced-carrier modulation technique is proposed for an asymmetric source configuration of single-phase CHB-MLI topology. To achieve higher level output with fewer modules and isolated DC sources, an asymmetric source configuration is reported in the literature. Basically, trinary (1:3:9) and quasi-linear (1:2:6) source configurations of CHB-topology may offer 27 and 19-levels of output respectively. To achieve a specified level output, level shifted PWM techniques require many numbers of high switching frequency carrier signals and states to decoder arrangements. However, the proposed control technique with reduced carrier modulation does not require states to decoder and thus lowering control complexity. This technique provides low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and filtering requirements at the inverter output. The PLECS platform is used to test the functionality of the proposed control scheme.
针对单相CHB-MLI拓扑的非对称源配置,提出了一种广义减载波调制技术。为了用更少的模块和隔离的直流电源实现更高水平的输出,文献中报道了一种不对称的电源配置。基本上,chb拓扑的三进(1:3:9)和准线性(1:2:6)源配置可以分别提供27和19个电平的输出。为了达到指定的电平输出,电平移位PWM技术需要大量的高开关频率载波信号和解码器的状态。然而,减少载波调制的控制技术不需要解码状态,从而降低了控制复杂度。该技术在逆变器输出端提供低总谐波失真(THD)和滤波要求。PLECS平台用于测试所提出的控制方案的功能。
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引用次数: 1
Class Topper Optimization for the Problem of Portfolio Optimization with a Restricted Set of Assets 有限资产组合优化问题的类顶优化
P. Choudhary, S. Mohapatra, D. Das
Portfolio inflexibility is one of the most explored topics in FIES (financial investment expert system). Conventional ways to resolving the non-linear limited portfolio optimization issue with multi-objective functions are inefficient. In this work, Class Topper Optimization (CTO) technique is used to provide a meta-heuristic strategy for portfolio optimization. The mean-variance portfolio selection is the subject of the research. The goal is to manage an asset portfolio that reduces risk while adhering to the constraint of ensuring a certain level of return. In this work, Indian stock exchange share market value is examined to maximize the sharp ratio and expected returns with minimizing the risk of portfolio. A comparative study with CTO algorithm is undertaken when the model is put to the test on a number of hazardous stock holdings, both restricted and unconstrained. The CTO model has a great processing efficiency when it comes to build optimal risky portfolios. According to preliminary studies of PSO and excel solver, the method looks to be quite promising, with results that are comparable to some state-of-the-art solvers.
投资组合不灵活性是金融投资专家系统研究最多的问题之一。传统的求解多目标函数非线性有限投资组合优化问题的方法是低效的。在这项工作中,使用类top优化(CTO)技术为投资组合优化提供了一种元启发式策略。均值-方差组合选择是本文的研究主题。目标是管理资产组合,以降低风险,同时坚持确保一定水平的回报的约束。在这项工作中,研究了印度证券交易所股票市场价值,以最大限度地提高尖锐比率和预期收益,同时最小化投资组合的风险。将该模型与CTO算法进行了比较研究,并分别对有约束和无约束的危险股票持有情况进行了检验。CTO模型在构建最优风险投资组合时具有很高的处理效率。根据对PSO和excel求解器的初步研究,该方法看起来很有前途,其结果可与一些最先进的求解器相媲美。
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引用次数: 1
Design and simulation of a GA optimized variable speed DFIG based wind turbine using MATLAB 基于MATLAB的遗传算法优化的变速DFIG风电机组设计与仿真
Satyabrata Sahoo, E. Rajsekhar, P. S. Puhan
Nowaday, the power control technique for a large wind turbine is mainly controlled through pitch angle control. The necessity for control of pitch angle is because of stochastic nature of the speed of wind. In this paper, different strategies for pitch angle controllers are compared for a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator to achieve the steady output power for above rated wind speed. The control strategy utilized here are the conventional Proportional Integral (PI) and Genetic algorithm (GA) optimized PI controllers, which are developed through MATLAB. Finally, the performances of the control strategies are compared. From the results it is found that the GA optimized PI controller depicts an improved performance in comparison to PI controller.
目前,大型风力发电机组的功率控制技术主要是通过控制俯仰角来实现的。由于风速的随机性,需要对俯仰角进行控制。本文比较了双馈感应发电机风力发电机组在额定风速以上的稳定输出功率时的不同俯仰角控制策略。本文采用的控制策略是传统的比例积分(PI)和遗传算法(GA)优化的PI控制器,并通过MATLAB开发。最后,对各控制策略的性能进行了比较。结果表明,与PI控制器相比,遗传算法优化后的PI控制器具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis Of Cell Balancing Techniques In BMS For Electric Vehicle 电动汽车BMS中电池平衡技术分析
Amar Nath, Bhooshan A. Rajpathak
This paper explains how the Battery Management System (BMS) in an Electric Vehicle uses cell balancing techniques to balance the li-ion cells in lithium-ion battery pack. Cell balancing is done to ensure that all li-ion cells in a battery pack are charged and drained together. There are two types of cells balancing techniques: Passive cell balancing and active cell balancing. Passive cell balancing is accomplished by discharging the excess charge to a bleeding resistor but active cell balancing is accomplished by transferring the charge from higher charged cell to lower charged cell. Moreover, the charge is squandered in passive cell balancing, therefore in this technique cell balancing efficiency is harmed. However, when it comes to active cell balancing, charge transfer is accomplished via a transformer, inductor and capacitor so this balancing technique gives high efficiency compared to passive one. The simulation results of all methods of cell balancing are presented in this paper.
介绍了电动汽车电池管理系统(BMS)如何利用电池平衡技术对锂离子电池组中的锂离子电池进行平衡。电池平衡是为了确保电池组中的所有锂离子电池一起充电和放电。有两种类型的细胞平衡技术:被动细胞平衡和主动细胞平衡。无源电池平衡是通过将多余的电荷放电到出血电阻来实现的,而有源电池平衡是通过将电荷从高电荷电池转移到低电荷电池来实现的。此外,在无源电池平衡中,电荷被浪费,从而损害了电池平衡效率。然而,当涉及到有源电池平衡时,电荷转移是通过变压器,电感和电容器完成的,因此这种平衡技术与无源电池相比具有更高的效率。本文给出了各种电池平衡方法的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 9
Internet Activity Forecasting Over 5G Billing Data Using Deep Learning Techniques 使用深度学习技术预测5G计费数据的互联网活动
Vaibhav Tiwari, Chandrasen Pandey, D. S. Roy
Understanding the flexibility of traffic requirements on wireless networks is challenging due to the high density of mobile devices connected to the network. This has made things more difficult given the wide range of devices available and the different types of services they can provide. Internet activity data of 5G billing traffic is an important way to analyze load in a confined area, providing solutions for various 5G infrastructure and applications. In previous decades, deep learning techniques have played a vital role in analyzing such data, and their result consolidates the proof of its veteran performance. The open-source dataset used in this experimentation work is well known as Big data Challenge 2014, which was made publicly available by Telecom of Italia. We evaluate our work with four different networks GRU, LSTM, Bi-directional LSTM and encoder decoder LSTM in which we achieve the lowest mean absolute error in the encoder-decoder CNN-LSTM model with a training loss of 0.0108 and validation loss of 0.0064.
由于连接到网络的移动设备密度很高,因此了解无线网络上流量需求的灵活性具有挑战性。这使得事情变得更加困难,因为可用的设备范围很广,它们可以提供不同类型的服务。5G计费流量的互联网活动数据是分析受限区域内负载的重要手段,为各种5G基础设施和应用提供解决方案。在过去的几十年里,深度学习技术在分析这些数据方面发挥了至关重要的作用,他们的结果巩固了其资深性能的证明。这项实验工作中使用的开源数据集是众所周知的大数据挑战2014,由意大利电信公开提供。我们用四种不同的网络GRU、LSTM、双向LSTM和编码器-解码器LSTM来评估我们的工作,我们在编码器-解码器CNN-LSTM模型中获得了最低的平均绝对误差,训练损失为0.0108,验证损失为0.0064。
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引用次数: 4
Intelligent Surveillance System with Mask Detection and Temperature Monitoring 具有口罩检测和温度监测功能的智能监控系统
R. Sivapriyan, N. Kumar, Cv Mohan, N. Sakshi
An efficient and adroit surveillance system is im-perative in the fast-paced digital world, with a monumental rise in video-based surveillance systems for security and monitoring. The pandemic has created the need for effective surveillance and made it more relevant than ever before. The AI-based surveillance system proposed in this paper is capable of performing the traditional functions of a surveillance system and checking if a person is wearing a mask and if his temperature is below a certain threshold. The proposed surveillance system is a video-based surveillance system capable of logging people who are not wearing a mask or whose temperature is not below a specified value. This system is implemented with Raspberry Pi as the central hub for processing, extracting, and analyzing the video stream from a camera. The proposed system aims to identify the mask on people by using a cascade classifier generated by Machine learning techniques, thus mulling down the effects of external factors (lighting condition, position, etc.) that affect the performance of a traditional video surveillance system.
在快节奏的数字世界中,高效和灵活的监控系统是必不可少的,用于安全和监控的基于视频的监控系统急剧增加。这一流行病造成了对有效监测的需要,并使其比以往任何时候都更加重要。本文提出的基于人工智能的监控系统能够完成监控系统的传统功能,能够检测人是否戴口罩,体温是否低于某一阈值。拟议中的监控系统是一种基于视频的监控系统,能够记录未戴口罩或体温不低于规定值的人。该系统以树莓派作为处理、提取和分析摄像机视频流的中心枢纽来实现。该系统旨在通过使用由机器学习技术生成的级联分类器来识别人身上的面具,从而仔细考虑影响传统视频监控系统性能的外部因素(照明条件,位置等)的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting Electric Power Generation in a Photovoltaic Power Systems for Smart Energy Management 面向智能能源管理的光伏发电系统发电量预测
C. K. Rao, S. Sahoo, F. F. Yanine
Solar electricity is generated using photovoltaic (PV) systems all over the world. Solar power sources are irregular in nature since PV system output power is intermittent and highly dependent on environmental conditions. Irradiance, humidity, PV surface temperature, and wind speed are only a few of these variables. The uncertainty in photovoltaic generating, it's crucial to plan ahead for solar power generation. Solar power forecasting is required for electric grid supply and demand planning. Because solar power generation is weather-dependent and unregulated, this forecast is complicated and difficult. Selective developed to this goal. Traditional approaches such as statistics, autoregressive moving average, regression, and others were used to forecast PV power before the widespread usage variables are assessed for prediction models based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and regression models. Several PV forecasting algorithms have been of machine learning technologies. Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and hybrid techniques have grown popular as a result of recent advances in machine learning methodologies and access to huge data. This study examines the impacts of numerous environmental conditions on PV system output, as well as the working principle and application of various PV forecasting approaches, in order to better comprehend the insights of PV prediction. Furthermore, the important parameters influencing PV generation are calculated using real-time data.
世界各地都使用光伏(PV)系统来发电。由于光伏系统的输出功率是间歇性的,并且高度依赖于环境条件,因此太阳能电源在本质上是不规则的。辐照度、湿度、PV表面温度和风速只是这些变量中的一小部分。由于光伏发电的不确定性,提前规划太阳能发电至关重要。太阳能发电预测是电网供需规划的必要条件。由于太阳能发电受天气影响,且不受监管,因此这种预测既复杂又困难。选择性发展到这个目标。在基于人工神经网络(ANN)和回归模型的预测模型评估广泛使用的变量之前,使用统计、自回归移动平均、回归等传统方法来预测光伏发电。一些PV预测算法已经采用了机器学习技术。人工神经网络、支持向量机和混合技术由于机器学习方法的最新进展和对大数据的访问而变得流行起来。本研究考察了多种环境条件对光伏系统输出的影响,以及各种光伏预测方法的工作原理和应用,以便更好地理解光伏预测的见解。利用实时数据计算了影响光伏发电的重要参数。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 International Conference on Intelligent Controller and Computing for Smart Power (ICICCSP)
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