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The image of the taiga in the ballads of Leonid Zaval’nyuk 列昂尼德-扎瓦尔纽克民谣中的针叶林形象
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-118-124
V. D. Gavrilenko
The article is devoted to the study of the ballad genre in the lyrics of the poet Leonid Zaval’nyuk (1930-2010). The study focuses on the analysis of “The Taiga Ballad” and “The Ballad of Melting Snow,” which were included in the collection “Beyond the Receding Horizon” (1956). These ballads open and end the ballad cycle, consisting of five works. The plot of both ballads develops in the artistic space of the taiga, which becomes a place of moral testing for the heroes. Leonid Zaval’nyuk was the first to introduce the image of the taiga into the ballad. The decanonisation of the ballad genre occurs in the 19th century. Leonid Zaval’nyuk’s works not only preserve ballad traditions (third-person narration, appeal to archetypal plots, mixing Christian and pagan beliefs, personification of natural forces, the special role of the season and time of day in the development of the plot), but also the evolution of the genre takes place (refusal of the mystical component, increasing the realism of the narrative, first-person narration). The decanonisation of the ballad genre occurs in the 19th century. Leonid Zaval’nyuk turned to the ballad genre throughout his entire career. The motif of moral testing became one of the leading ones for the poet.
本文致力于研究诗人列昂尼德-扎瓦尔纽克(1930-2010 年)歌词中的民谣体裁。研究的重点是分析《泰加民谣》和《融雪民谣》,这两首民谣收录在诗集《超越后退的地平线》(1956 年)中。这两首民谣是由五首作品组成的民谣集的开篇和结尾。两首民谣的情节都是在针叶林的艺术空间中展开的,针叶林成了考验主人公道德的地方。列昂尼德-扎瓦尔纽克(Leonid Zaval'nyuk)是第一个将针叶林形象引入民谣的人。民谣体裁的去民族化发生在 19 世纪。列昂尼德-扎瓦尔纽克的作品不仅保留了民谣的传统(第三人称叙事、对原型情节的诉求、基督教和异教信仰的混合、自然力量的人格化、季节和时间在情节发展中的特殊作用),而且还发生了体裁的演变(摒弃神秘成分、增加叙事的现实性、第一人称叙事)。民谣体裁的去民族化发生在 19 世纪。列昂尼德-扎瓦尔纽克(Leonid Zaval'nyuk)在其整个创作生涯中都在使用民谣体裁。道德考验主题成为诗人的主要主题之一。
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引用次数: 0
Historical aspects of the origin and formation of military and political relations between Mongolia (Mongolian people’s republic) and Russia (the USSR) (1860–1939) 蒙古(蒙古人民共和国)与俄罗斯(苏联)之间军事和政治关系起源和形成的历史方面(1860-1939 年)
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-72-78
Enkhbat Ochhuu
Historical milestones of the birth and formation of military and political relations between Mongolia and Russia over a long period of time, from the 1860s up to the beginning of World War II are analysed in the article on the basis of normative legal documents. It was the policies pursued by Russia and the USSR, along with a variety of external and internal factors, that were decisive in Mongolia’s gaining independence and sovereignty. The nature of the influence of Russia (USSR) on the formation and strengthening of the Mongolian army is considered in the article; as well as the participation of military instructors of the Russian Imperial Army and military representatives of the Russian Communist Red Army in the formation and training of Mongolian military troops and military units in the 1910-1920s; the main aspects of military and political co-operation between the USSR and Mongolia in the 1930s and on the eve of World War II are studied, in particular the specifics and issues of supplying weapons to the military units of the Mongolian army, as well as the role of the Soviet Union in the development of the Mongolian army. On the basis of previously published archival sources and materials, a detailed analysis of the organisation and construction of the Mongolian People’s Republic’s armed forces, their combat training and manning is carried out. Conclusion about the determining influence of military-political relations between Russia and Mongolia in the studied period on the formation of the Mongolian state and its armed forces, as well as on strengthening of Mongolia’s position in the international arena is made in the article.
文章以规范性法律文件为基础,分析了从 19 世纪 60 年代到第二次世界大战开始的很长一段时间内,蒙古与俄罗斯之间军事和政治关系诞生和形成的历史里程碑。俄罗斯和苏联推行的政策以及各种内外因素对蒙古获得独立和主权起了决定性作用。文章探讨了俄罗斯(苏联)对组建和加强蒙古军队的影响性质,以及俄罗斯帝国军队的军事教官和俄罗斯共产党红军的军事代表在 1910-1920 年代参与组建和训练蒙古军队和军事单位的情况;研究了 20 世纪 30 年代和第二次世界大战前夕苏联和蒙古之间军事和政治合作的主要方面,特别是向蒙古军队的军事单位提供武器的具体情况和问题,以及苏联在蒙古军队发展中的作用。在以前出版的档案资料和材料的基础上,对蒙古人民共和国武装部队的组织和建设、作战训练和人员配备进行了详细分析。文章就研究期间俄罗斯和蒙古之间的军事政治关系对蒙古国家及其武装力量的形成以及蒙古在国际舞台上地位的加强所产生的决定性影响做出了结论。
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引用次数: 0
Stylistic peculiarities of Edgar Poe’s and Howard Phillips Lovecraft’s gothic novellas 埃德加-坡和霍华德-菲利普斯-洛夫克拉夫特的哥特式小说的风格特点
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-92-97
N. S. Kurnikova, Elena N. Zasetskova
The article deals with the comparative analysis of stylistic features of selected short stories (novellas) by the American writers Edgar Poe and Howard Phillips Lovecraft. Using a set of methods (theoretical analysis, holistic text analysis, stylistic analysis), relying on the creative manifestos of the two authors, as well as on the results of stylistic analysis of the corpus of short stories, the authors of the article trace the continuity and distinctive features in the work of the two writers. The obtained results allow to state the presence of similar features in the short stories of Edgar Poe and Howard Lovecraft, such as gothic chronotope, mystical and fantastic elements, common type of narrator, characterised by a borderline state, and deliberate fear-mongering. At the same time, however, the texts of both authors demonstrate specific features. Poe’s Gothic novellas are characterised by increased psychologism, which manifests itself in the prevalence of such stylistic devices as repetition, gradation, aposiopeisis, rhetorical question and exclamation, which eloquently testify to the “inner horrorˮ of the characters. The high allusiveness of Poe’s short stories testifies to the close connection of the described events with reality. The prevailing stylistic devices of Lovecraft’s novellas (epithets, personifications) testify to the author’s attempt to breathe life into inanimate objects, to extract them from non-existence, and to make the reader experience a “cosmicˮ horror of the unknown and external. The author’s complicated syntax combined with irrational enumerative rows suggests that Lovecraft’s work might be influenced by modernist aesthetics.
文章对美国作家埃德加-坡(Edgar Poe)和霍华德-菲利普斯-洛夫克拉夫特(Howard Phillips Lovecraft)的部分短篇小说(长篇小说)的文体特征进行了比较分析。文章作者采用一系列方法(理论分析、整体文本分析、文体分析),依据两位作家的创作宣言以及短篇小说语料库的文体分析结果,追溯了两位作家作品的连续性和独特性。研究结果表明,埃德加-坡(Edgar Poe)和霍华德-洛夫克拉夫特(Howard Lovecraft)的短篇小说具有相似的特点,如哥特式时序、神秘和梦幻元素、以边缘状态为特征的共同叙述者类型以及故意制造恐惧。但与此同时,两位作家的文本也呈现出各自的特点。坡的哥特式长篇小说具有更强的心理主义特征,表现为大量使用重复、渐变、反问、感叹等文体手段,雄辩地证明了人物 "内心的恐怖ˮ"。坡的短篇小说具有高度的典故性,证明所描述的事件与现实密切相关。洛夫克拉夫特长篇小说的主要文体手段(表语、拟人)证明了作者试图为无生命的事物注入生命力,将它们从虚无中抽离出来,让读者体验到一种对未知和外在事物的 "宇宙式的恐怖"。作者复杂的语法与非理性的枚举排比相结合,表明洛夫克拉夫特的作品可能受到了现代主义美学的影响。
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引用次数: 0
History of formation in Kazakhstan and the combat path of the 310th infantry division during the Soviet-German war (1941-1945) 苏德战争(1941-1945 年)期间第 310 步兵师在哈萨克斯坦的组建历史和作战路线
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-58-64
A. K. Akkuzinov
The purpose of the article is to analyse the formation and combat path of the 310th Infantry Division, formed in 1941 in the territory of Soviet Kazakhstan. Topicality of the paper was determined by the need to study the history of the formation of the Kazakhstani division, from the date of issuance of the order of the Supreme Command of the USSR, the implementation of this order by the leadership of Soviet Kazakhstan, the participation of the military authorities of the republic in the implementation of the planned goals on the ground through the organisation of interaction between local government and military administration, the command of the division, the Central Asian Military District in the territorial responsibility of which included the republic. The authors of the Soviet period as well as modern Kazakhstan and Russia studied the topic in different years. The researchers’ works devoted to the history of the war against the Axis, historical documents of the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty), the State Archive of Almaty and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Podolsk) are used in the work. The peculiarities of the ongoing work on the formation of the 310th rifle division are given, the tendencies of staffing the military units of the division with senior, junior commanding and rank-and-file personnel of the units are revealed. The combat path of the Kazakhstani division during the war is revealed, some pages of heroism of its soldiers and commanders on the battlefields which became a personal example to raise the patriotic feelings of Soviet citizens, are established. It is concluded that the 310th Infantry Division from Kazakhstan made a contribution to the achievement of the Soviet victory over Germany.
本文旨在分析1941年在苏联哈萨克斯坦境内组建的第310步兵师的组建和战斗历程。本文的主题性是由研究哈萨克斯坦师组建历史的需要决定的,从苏联最高统帅部命令发布之日起,苏维埃哈萨克斯坦领导层执行该命令,共和国军事当局通过组织地方政府和军事行政部门之间的互动参与实地计划目标的实施,师的指挥,包括共和国领土责任的中亚军区。苏联时期以及现代哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯的学者们在不同年代对这一主题进行了研究。工作中使用了研究人员的轴心国战争史著作、哈萨克斯坦共和国总统档案馆(阿拉木图)、阿拉木图国家档案馆和俄罗斯联邦国防部中央档案馆(波多利斯克)的历史文献。作品介绍了正在进行的第 310 步枪师组建工作的特点,揭示了该师军事单位高级、低级指挥官和普通士兵的人员配置趋势。揭示了哈萨克斯坦师在战争期间的战斗历程,介绍了该师士兵和指挥官在战场上的英雄事迹,这些事迹成为唤起苏联公民爱国主义情怀的榜样。结论是,哈萨克斯坦第 310 步兵师为苏联战胜德国做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
On the issue of negative obligations in the civil law 关于民法中的消极义务问题
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-195-204
V. L. Volfson
In the civil-law doctrine, there is a debate regarding the admissibility of “negative” obligations – that is, those performed by inaction. In the author’s view, this scientific problem turns out to be a semantic tangle in which conflicting ideas about the essential features of obligations are intertwined. The goal is not just to unravel the knot, but also to trace to what sources the semantic threads go, which will allow us bettering comprehension of the nature of mixed legal phenomena. Starting from the concept of obligation, the author shows the fallacy of the idea that inaction would amount to a kind of obligation on a par with action. Abstaining from action is nothing more than a way to transfer a value to another party. In order to enrich the scope of the study, the unsound objections to the recognition of such obligations are examined, one of those being the opinion of their incompatibility with the prohibition on limiting legal capacity. The article also refutes the idea that general provisions on obligations are inapplicable to obligations performed by abstaining from action. Finally, the work clarifies distinctions between such obligations and other legal phenomena with the use of case modelling. According to the author, in order to avoid institutional confusion, it is advisable to include in the Civil Code a provision indicating that obligations can be performed by abstaining from action.
在民法理论中,存在着关于 "消极 "义务--即以不作为方式履行的义务--的可接受性的争论。作者认为,这一科学问题是一个语义上的纠结,其中交织着关于义务基本特征的相互冲突的观点。我们的目标不仅仅是解开这个结,还要追溯这些语义线索的来源,从而更好地理解混合法律现象的本质。作者从义务的概念出发,指出不作为等同于与作为同等的义务这一观点的谬误。不作为只不过是向另一方转移价值的一种方式。为了丰富研究的范围,对承认这种义务的不健全的反对意见进行了研究,其中之一是认为这种义务不符合禁止限制法律行为能力的规定。文章还驳斥了关于义务的一般规定不适用于通过放弃行动履行的义务的观点。最后,文章通过案例分析,澄清了此类义务与其他法律现象之间的区别。作者认为,为了避免制度上的混乱,最好在《民法典》中加入一条规定,指出可以通过弃权履行义务。
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引用次数: 0
On the issue of legislative regulation of the status of federal territories in the Russian Federation 关于俄罗斯联邦联邦领土地位的立法调节问题
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-212-219
Roman O. Zuev, Aleksey N. Nadin
In this article the authors’ concept of certain provisions of the framework Federal Law ‟On Federal Territories” is presented. The researchers proposed a structural vision of the future legislative act, concretised the norms defining the general principles of the legal status of federal territories: the subject of regulation and the purpose of the adoption of the federal law, basic terms and concepts, the principles and procedure for the formation of federal territories, their types, the purpose and grounds for the creation of federal territories. The article also analyses the legal foundations and doctrinal approaches mediating the procedure for the creation and functioning of territorial units of a special type in the system of public authority of the Russian Federation.
本文介绍了作者对《联邦领土法》框架中某些条款的构想。研究人员提出了对未来立法法案的结构性构想,将确定联邦领土法律地位一般原则的规范具体化:规范主体和通过联邦法的目的、基本术语和概念、联邦领土形成的原则和程序、联邦领土的类型、创建联邦领土的目的和依据。文章还分析了俄罗斯联邦公共权力体系中特殊类型领土单位的创建和运作程序的法律基础和理论方法。
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引用次数: 0
On the level of literacy of the population Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces in the late 19th – early 20th centuries 19 世纪末 20 世纪初科斯特罗马州和雅罗斯拉夫尔州居民的识字水平
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-34-40
A. M. Belov, O. Y. Galinskaya
The reforms carried out in Russia in the 1860-70s contributed to the industrial development of the country, but along with the changes in the economy changes in the socio-cultural sphere were no less large-scale. Due to the mass mobility of the population after the abolition of serfdom, representatives of different estates were involved in the general socio-cultural movement. One of the important indicators of the social modernisation of Russian society included the changed level of literacy of the population, caused by the need for competent personnel for the growing industry, transport, communications and management. Using the example of Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces, the article shows the dynamics of changes in the literacy rate of the population in the late 19th – early 20th centuries which exceeded all-Russian indicators, both for urban and rural populations and was associated with the successful implementation of state policy in the field of education, the consequences of the introduction of the new Military Charter as of 1874 and the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the provinces associated with the developed craftsmen’s internal migration.
俄国在 19 世纪 60-70 年代进行的改革促进了国家的工业发展,但随着经济领域的变革,社会文化领域也发生了巨大的变化。由于废除农奴制后人口的大规模流动,不同庄园的代表都参与了社会文化运动。俄罗斯社会现代化的重要标志之一是人口识字水平的提高,这是因为日益增长的工业、交通、通讯和管理需要有能力的人才。文章以科斯特罗马省和雅罗斯拉夫尔省为例,展示了 19 世纪末 20 世纪初人口识字率的动态变化,城市和农村人口的识字率都超过了全俄指标,这与教育领域国家政策的成功实施、1874 年新军事宪章的出台以及与发达的手工业者内部移民相关的各省社会经济发展的特殊性有关。
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引用次数: 0
On the issue of formal assimilation of anglicism nouns in the genus category of the german language system and its national variants 关于德语系统属类及其民族变体中英语名词的形式同化问题
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-145-152
Nelly A. Cherkasova
In the conditions of general globalisation, there is a massive consolidation of Anglicisms in all languages, including the German language with its national variants. The study of this process is topical and corresponds to modern priority scientific directions. Formal assimilation is an aspect of loaning foreign language material by a receptor language. It is this that allows foreign language material to gain a foothold in the system of the borrowing language. However, the German language we consider to be a receptor language, is not a monosystem formation due to its including of national variants. The German literary language is a potential abstract archsystem realised in three directions, sovereign systems of the German language (the German language of Germany, the Austrian and the Swiss varieties of the German literary language). The nature of the German language greatly influences the results of formal assimilation of borrowed material, since they will vary depending on the usage. Fluctuations in national variants arise both at the phonetic, lexical, grammatical, word-formation level, and can manifest themselves in relation to the processes of borrowing and Germanisation of foreign language material. This article studies and describes deviations and variations in the results of the formal assimilation of Anglicisms-nouns in the genus category, functioning in the national varieties of the German language of Austria and Switzerland in comparison with the German language of Germany. The acquisition of generic categorical meaning by borrowed units plays an important role in the German language system, since belonging to a certain grammatical gender is a mandatory and constant indicator of the part of speech “noun” and predetermines the further assimilation of the borrowed unit in the receptor language.
在普遍全球化的条件下,盎格鲁语在所有语言中都得到了大规模的整合,包括德语及其民族变体。对这一过程的研究具有现实意义,符合现代优先科学方向。形式同化是接受语言借用外语材料的一个方面。正是它使外语材料在借入语的系统中站稳了脚跟。然而,被我们视为受体语言的德语,由于其包含民族变体,并不是一个单一的系统。德语文学语言是一个潜在的抽象系统,从三个方向实现,即德语的主权系统(德国的德语、德语文学语言的奥地利和瑞士变体)。德语的性质在很大程度上影响着借用材料的形式同化结果,因为它们会根据不同的用法而变化。民族变体的波动产生于语音、词汇、语法和词形层面,并可能在外语材料的借用和德语化过程中表现出来。本文研究并描述了奥地利和瑞士德语民族变体与德国德语相比在形式上同化盎格鲁语--属类名词的结果中存在的偏差和差异。借用单位获得属类意义在德语语言系统中起着重要作用,因为属于某一语法性别是语篇 "名词 "的强制性和恒定性指标,并预先决定了借用单位在接受语言中的进一步同化。
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引用次数: 0
Destructive elements of post-folklore: linguistic and cultural context 后民俗学的破坏性因素:语言和文化背景
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-168-175
Larisa E. Ilyina
The article is devoted to the study of the linguocultural context of the destructive elements of post-folklore as part of the cacosphere. The author considers post-folklore as a form of folkish lore, implemented outside the original context and receiving modern interpretations. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, post-folklore texts collected by the author, and texts freely available on the Internet, the author reasonably proves that the destructive elements of post-folklore include the invective vocabulary itself, the context it creates, the utterance of invective vocabulary, understood as an action, and passive acceptance this vocabulary. The author considers the term invective vocabulary to be the most general due to its retaining of the original meaning (attacks) in the sense of verbal aggression, and conveying of the intention of committing an action condemned by others. In conclusion, the article concludes that the destructive elements of post-folklore have a negative impact on the individual and the sociocultural space as a whole; however, it is not always possible to determine with certainty to what extent society understands and is aware of the influence of certain elements on its culture and communication, not to mention the broader impact. The means of overcoming the destructive influence of post-folklore elements is the responsibility of each person for its words and actions in the process of communication.
文章致力于研究后民俗作为文化圈一部分的破坏性因素的语言文化背景。作者认为后民俗是民间传说的一种形式,在原有语境之外实施并接受现代解释。根据对科学文献、作者收集的后民俗文本以及互联网上免费提供的文本的分析,作者合理地证明了后民俗的破坏性因素包括谩骂词汇本身、它所创造的语境、谩骂词汇的说出(理解为一种行为)以及对这种词汇的被动接受。作者认为谩骂词汇是最具有普遍性的词汇,因为它保留了语言攻击的本义(攻击),并传达了实施受他人谴责的行为的意图。总之,文章得出结论,后民俗学的破坏性因素对个人和整个社会文化空间产生了负面影响;然而,并不总是能够确定社会在多大程度上理解和意识到某些因素对其文化和传播的影响,更不用说更广泛的影响了。克服后民俗因素破坏性影响的手段是每个人在传播过程中对自己的言行负责。
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引用次数: 0
The foundation of monastery in gorodets, dedicated to theodore stratelates, in the church historiography of the 19th to the early 20th centuries 19 世纪至 20 世纪初教会史中献给狄奥多-斯特拉铁茨的戈罗杰茨修道院的建立
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-15-21
Fedor A. Seleznev
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the church historiography of the question of the time of the founding of monastery, dedicated to Theodore Stratelates, in Gorodets. The origin of the date of foundation of the monastery (1152, 1154, 1164) is considered. It is determined that the first date (1152) appears in the book on the history of the monastery, published in 1890. It is deduced by the author, Archimandrite Theodosius, purely logically. The second date (1154) is based only on the speculative constructions of the authors of books on the history of the monastery in 1870 and 1913. The only support in the historical source is the provision on the establishment of Gorodets monastery in 1164. This date was listed in the chronicle kept in Theodore cloister. The article gives a description of the named document.
这篇文章致力于全面分析教会史学中有关戈罗捷茨 Theodore Stratelates 修道院创建时间的问题。文章探讨了修道院创建日期(1152、1154、1164 年)的由来。经确定,第一个日期(1152 年)出现在 1890 年出版的修道院历史书中。这完全是作者大主教狄奥多西根据逻辑推理出来的。第二个日期(1154 年)只是根据 1870 年和 1913 年出版的修道院历史书籍作者的推测推算出来的。历史资料中唯一的依据是关于 1164 年建立戈罗杰茨修道院的规定。这个日期在西奥多回廊保存的编年史中有所记载。文章对该文件进行了描述。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik of Kostroma State University
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