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Сorruption: contemporary subjects signs, concept 腐败:当代主题标志、概念
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-182-190
Yuriy G. Arzamasov, V. Y. Arzamasov
In the foreword, topicality of the problems of corruption, both in Russia and abroad, is determined for which, modern statistical data are provided. The problem of corruption aggravates nowadays for a number of reasons: ineffective activities of authorities, digitalisation and associated new types of consequences of corruption, the merging of representatives of the state apparatus with criminal structures, etc. The article notes that, despite the many scientific works devoted to corruption, we still have no concept of “corruption” proper. At the same time, many researchers note the local nature of corruption crimes. When revealing the concept of “corruption,” the authors here had applied a complex method, analysing the scientific works of representatives of various humanities, both Russian and foreign, which resulted in the identification of signs characterising corruption not only as a legal problem, but also as a general social one. The idea was expressed about the need to develop a single legal international document regulating relations to fight and prevent corruption. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, Russian legislation and judicial practice, a general social concept of corruption and its legal concept were proposed. The formulated conclusions are of theoretical significance for both criminology sections’ development and criminal law science; they are also of practical significance for improving the legal legislative concept of “corruption”.
在前言中,确定了俄罗斯和国外腐败问题的时事性,并为此提供了现代统计数据。当今腐败问题加剧的原因有很多:当局活动效率低下、数字化及相关的新型腐败后果、国家机器代表与犯罪组织合并等。文章指出,尽管有许多科学著作专门研究腐败问题,但我们仍然没有 "腐败 "的概念。同时,许多研究人员也注意到了腐败犯罪的地方性。在揭示 "腐败 "概念时,作者采用了一种复杂的方法,分析了俄罗斯和外国不同人文学科代表的科学著作,最终确定了腐败不仅是一个法律问题,也是一个普遍社会问题的特征。他们认为有必要制定一份统一的国际法律文件来规范打击和预防腐败的关系。根据对科学文献、俄罗斯立法和司法实践的分析,提出了腐败的一般社会概念及其法律概念。所得出的结论对犯罪学部门的发展和刑法科学都具有理论意义,对完善 "腐败 "的法律立法概念也具有现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
THE OSTROVSKY PHENOMENON 岛国现象
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-10-19
Irena A. Edoshina
The article was written by the 200th anniversary of the playwright’s birth, the founder of the Russian theater A.N. Ostrovsky. The anniversary date determined the problems of the article reflected in its title. In the article, the concept of «phenomenon» in connection with Ostrovsky is used in two meaningful ways. The first meaningful plan is defined by the meaning «unique» and is associated with the biography of Ostrovsky. The second meaningful plan is determined by the linguo-culturological approach, which reveals the essential aspects in Ostrovsky’s creative activity. Through an appeal to the biography, the author of the article highlights such aspects of the Ostrovsky phenomenon as focusing on one’s own personality, unwillingness to share one’s inner experiences with other people, and ideological independence from the «trends» of the time. Special attention is paid to the uniqueness of the Ostrovsky’s nationality and idealism. Based on the linguo-culturological approach, Ostrovsky’s phenomenon reveals his creative potential. The role of plays’ translations by Roman comedians and Shakespeare in the development of the basics of Ostrovsky’s stage art is being updated. The essential characteristics in the specifics of Ostrovsky’s dramaturgy as a «new word» in Russian dramaturgy are singled out. Fianlly, the Ostrovsky phenomenon is defined as the ability to convey the iridescence of life, the ambiguity of the heroes’ characters, the ability to see in the particular the general laws of being.
这篇文章是在俄罗斯戏剧奠基人、剧作家 A.N. 奥斯特洛夫斯基诞辰 200 周年之际撰写的。周年纪念日决定了文章标题所反映的问题。在文章中,与奥斯特洛夫斯基有关的 "现象 "概念有两种含义。第一个有意义的计划是由 "独一无二 "的含义确定的,与奥斯特洛夫斯基的传记有关。第二个有意义的方案是由语言文化学方法确定的,它揭示了奥斯特洛夫斯基创作活动的基本方面。通过对传记的研究,文章作者强调了奥斯特洛夫斯基现象的一些方面,如注重自己的个性、不愿与他人分享自己的内心体验以及在意识形态上独立于当时的 "潮流"。奥斯特洛夫斯基的民族性和理想主义的独特性受到了特别关注。基于语言文化学的方法,奥斯特洛夫斯基的现象揭示了他的创造潜力。罗马喜剧演员和莎士比亚的戏剧译本在奥斯特洛夫斯基舞台艺术基础发展中的作用得到了更新。奥斯特洛夫斯基的戏剧艺术作为俄罗斯戏剧艺术的 "新词",其基本特征被单独列出。奥斯特洛夫斯基现象 "被定义为能够传达生活的多彩性、主人公性格的模糊性、从特殊性中看到一般存在规律的能力。
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引用次数: 0
METAPHORICAL PICTURE OF ZAMOSKVORETSKAYA LIFE IN ARTISTIC PROSE BY A. N. OSTROVSKY A. N. 奥斯特洛夫斯基在艺术散文中对扎莫斯科沃列茨卡娅生活的比喻性描绘
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-71-74
Madina A. Fokina
The article deals with metaphorical means of interpreting the conceptual content of A. N. Ostrovsky’s literary articles. Metaphors with spatial connotations and evaluative properties of characters. The author makes deep symbolic generalizations, actively using various methods of verbal expression for an ironic description heroes. The main pictorial means are combined in a wide figurative field, creating a vivid picture of merchant life. The system of text metaphors reflects the stylistic features of the writer’s narrative speech, the originality of his linguistic personality.
文章论述了解释阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基文学作品概念内容的隐喻手段。隐喻具有空间内涵和人物的评价属性。作者进行了深刻的象征性概括,积极运用各种语言表达方法来讽刺描述英雄。在广阔的具象领域中,将主要的象喻手段结合在一起,勾勒出一幅生动的商人生活图景。文中的隐喻系统体现了作者叙事言语的文体特征,体现了其语言个性的独创性。
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引用次数: 0
SHAKESPEARE’S «THE TAMING OF THE SHREW» IN PROSAIC TRANSLATIONS BY N.KH. KETCHER AND A.N. OSTROVSKY N.KH. KETCHER 和 A.N. OSTROVSKY 平实翻译的莎士比亚《驯悍记KETCHER 和 A.N. OSTROVSKY
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-51-58
N. K. Ilyina
Two prosaic translations of W. Shakespeare’s comedy ‘The Taming of the Shrew’ are compared in the article. The translations belonged to N.Kh. Ketcher (1843) and A.N. Ostrovsky (1850). The comparison of the texts and other variants of the comedy by both translators makes it possible to conclude that Ostrovsky followed Ketcher’s faithful rendering of the original in his translation; that was what he was especially noted for by his contemporaries. Ostrovsky turned to this comedy with the purpose of studying English and the fundamentals of translation. That is why his first steps in the new sphere were not quite independent, he relied on his experienced ‘teacher’ and aimed at mastering one of the basic principles of translation – preserving the sense of the original. In future it would help him to convert the exact interlinear translation into verse.
文章比较了莎士比亚喜剧《驯悍记》的两个平实的译本。这两个译本分别属于 N.Kh.Ketcher (1843) 和 A.N. Ostrovsky (1850)。通过比较两位译者对该喜剧的文本和其他变体,可以得出这样的结论:奥斯特洛夫斯基在翻译中遵循了凯切对原著的忠实诠释;这也是他受到同时代人特别关注的地方。奥斯特洛夫斯基研究这部喜剧的目的是学习英语和翻译基础。这就是为什么他在新领域的第一步并不十分独立,他依靠经验丰富的 "老师",旨在掌握翻译的基本原则之一--保留原文的意义。今后,这将有助于他将准确的互译译成诗文。
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引用次数: 0
‟WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE! WHAT A LANGUAGE!..” RUSSIAN CRITICISM OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY ON THE BOUNDARIES OF ‟ETHICAL” AND ‟DECENT” IN THE DRAMATURGY OF A.N. OSTROVSKY "什么样的人什么语言!......"19 世纪下半叶俄罗斯评论界对阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基戏剧中 "伦理 "与 "正派 "界限的看法
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-97-103
Elena N. Belyakova
The article highlights the problem of moral and aesthetic evaluation of the works of A.N. Ostrovsky in literary criticism of Russia in the second half of the 19th century. On the material of newspaper and magazine reviews published in the 1850s–70s, contradictions are revealed between the ethical and aesthetic expectations of the reading audience and the artistic innovations of A.N. Ostrovsky in depicting scenes of everyday reality. The article attempts to generalize critical judgments of moral and aesthetic nature, outline the range of issues and claims against the author, and track their influence on the playwright’s work.
文章强调了 19 世纪下半叶俄罗斯文学批评中对阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基作品的道德和美学评价问题。文章以 19 世纪 50-70 年代出版的报纸和杂志评论为素材,揭示了读者的道德和审美期望与阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基在描绘日常生活场景方面的艺术创新之间的矛盾。文章试图概括道德和美学性质的批评判断,概述针对作者的一系列问题和主张,并追踪它们对剧作家作品的影响。
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引用次数: 0
COMMENTS TO COMMENTS (Regarding the preparation of the Complete Works of A.N. Ostrovski in 18 volumes) 对评论的评论(关于 18 卷本《阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基全集》的编写工作)
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-109-114
Vladimir V. Tikhomirov
The author of this article shows us how the work on the comments contributes to an in-depth understanding of the artistic features of Ostrovski´s plays; problems of the genre as an essential factor in the understanding of a dramatic work; specific attitude to history, confrontation of characters, mastery of psychological analysis, setting ethical problems.
本文作者向我们展示了评论工作如何有助于深入理解奥斯特洛夫斯基戏剧的艺术特点;作为理解戏剧作品重要因素的体裁问题;对历史的具体态度、人物的对抗、心理分析的掌握、伦理问题的设置。
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引用次数: 0
MEMORIES BY VARVARA MUZIL-BOROZDINA ABOUT A.N. OSTROVSKY 瓦尔瓦拉-穆齐尔-博罗兹迪娜关于 A.N.奥斯特洛夫斯基的回忆
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-121-124
Galina I. Оrlova, Irena A. Edoshina
A.N. Ostrovsky not only wrote plays, but also staged them on stage himself. And since he lived in Moscow, the Maly Theater naturally came into his field of vision. Ostrovsky wrote plays for actors and their benefit performances. He loved actors, although sometimes he suffered incredibly from their poorly learned roles. The names of actors are often found in the playwright’s letters and in his thoughts about the theater. In turn, the actors loved Ostrovsky not only as the author of plays, but also as a person. This is clearly seen from the memoirs of the Maly Theater actress V.P., published here for the first time. Muzil-Borozdina. These memoirs were written by the actress already at a very respectable age for those times. But time could not extinguish the sincerity of her feelings, their spontaneity. The actress writes about Ostrovsky as if he were somewhere nearby, he was alive in her memory. This emotion gives the published memories the aroma of a bygone time.
阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基不仅创作剧本,还亲自在舞台上演出。由于他住在莫斯科,马利剧院自然进入了他的视野。奥斯特洛夫斯基为演员和他们的义演写剧本。他热爱演员,尽管有时他也会因演员学艺不精而感到无比痛苦。在剧作家的书信和他对戏剧的思考中,经常可以看到演员的名字。反过来,演员们不仅爱剧作家奥斯特洛夫斯基,也爱他的为人。从这里首次出版的马利剧院女演员 V.P. 的回忆录中可以清楚地看到这一点。Muzil-Borozdina.这些回忆录是女演员在那个时代非常值得尊敬的年纪写下的。但时间无法泯灭她真挚的情感和自发性。女演员在写奥斯特洛夫斯基时,仿佛他就在身边,他就活在她的记忆中。这种情感让发表的回忆散发出逝去时光的芳香。
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引用次数: 0
MEMORIES BY S.V. MAKSIMOV ABOUT A.N. OSTROVSKY: TO THE PREHISTORY OF MEMOIRS S.V. 马克西莫夫关于 A.N. 奥斯特洛夫斯基的回忆:回忆录的史前史
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-115-120
M. Shcherbakova
For the first time, the article publishes archival materials related to the creative history of the memoir essays of the writer S.V. Maksimov about A.N. Ostrovsky “Literary Expedition” and “Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky”. The time of the origin of the idea of memories is determined, the circumstances that accompanied the work of Maximov, their close connection with the memories of the founder of the oral story genre I.F. Gorbunov. Genre-forming techniques of Maximov’s everyday writing prose, which bring the writer’s books closer to his memoirs, are revealed. Feedback is also emphasized: in Maximov’s memoirs, pictures of everyday life, the color of the era, descriptions of the environment, folk types and characters predominate. Maksimov’s letters, in particular, to the Moscow collector and founder of the Theater Museum A.A. Bakhrushin. They contain a detailed commentary on the theatrical relics that Maximov sent Bakhrushin to Moscow: little-known details of the history of the Russian theater, the founder of which was Ostrovsky. It is concluded that Maximov’s memoirs about Ostrovsky are presented not only in the textually designed essays “Literary Expedition” and “Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky”, but also in rough sketches, letters, reference and bibliographic notes and in the results of Maximov’s practical activities that contributed to perpetuating the memory of the playwright and popularizing the history of the national theater.
文章首次发表了与作家马克西莫夫(S.V. Maksimov)关于阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基(A.N. Ostrovsky)"文学远征 "和 "亚历山大-尼古拉耶维奇-奥斯特洛夫斯基 "回忆录散文创作史相关的档案资料。确定了 "回忆 "这一概念的起源时间、伴随马克西莫夫创作的环境及其与口头故事体裁创始人 I.F. 戈尔布诺夫的回忆之间的密切联系。揭示了马克西莫夫日常散文写作的体裁形成技巧,这些技巧使作家的作品更接近于他的回忆录。还强调了反馈:在马克西莫夫的回忆录中,日常生活的画面、时代色彩、环境描写、民间类型和人物占主导地位。马克西莫夫的书信,尤其是写给莫斯科收藏家和剧院博物馆创始人 A.A. Bakhrushin 的书信。信中详细评论了马克西莫夫寄给巴赫鲁欣的莫斯科戏剧文物:俄罗斯戏剧史上鲜为人知的细节,其创始人是奥斯特洛夫斯基。结论是,马克西莫夫关于奥斯特洛夫斯基的回忆录不仅体现在《文学考察》和《亚历山大-尼古拉耶维奇-奥斯特洛夫斯基》这两篇文字设计的文章中,还体现在粗略的草图、信件、参考文献和书目注释中,以及马克西莫夫的实践活动成果中,这些都有助于永久纪念这位剧作家和普及国家戏剧史。
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引用次数: 0
RECONSTRUCTION OF PERFORMANCES BASED ON PLAYS BY A.N. OSTROVSKY IN A.A. GRIGORIEV’S THEATER CRITICISM 根据 A.A.格里戈里耶夫的戏剧评论中的 A.N.奥斯特洛夫斯基剧作重建演出
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-104-108
Irina V. Azeeva
The article describes the formation of the technique of reconstruction of an on-stage performance in the theater criticism by A.A. Grigoriev. The author analyzes a well-known text on theater criticism, which has “Poverty is No Vice” by A.N. Ostrovsky, a play staged in the Alexandrinsky Theater in the early 1860s, as the subject of Grigoriev’s attention. The analysis reveals the emergence of the “theater centered” approach in the 19th century Russian theater criticism: A.A. Grigoriev is one of the first to masterfully analyze the stage texts (performances), based on A.N. Ostrovsky’s plays. The critic pays tribute to A.N. Ostrovskiy’s skill of a playwright, and places the actor’s art, which occupied an important place in the national theater of the mid-19th century, in the center of his attention. The author of the article considers a number of reconstructions of the actor’s work in the play “Poverty is No Vice” made by A.A. Grigoriev. The description of the actors’ work in the roles they perform allows the critic to be evident in his sharp judgments about their professional skill. The comparison of the reconstructions of the actors’ works by P.M. Sadovsky Sr. (Maly Theater, 1854) and P.V. Vasilyev (Alexandrinsky Theater, 1863) as Lubim Tortsov enables seeing the skill advance of a theater critic describing an actor’s art. The article also focuses on the role of reconstructing an on-going play in the process of training a theater critic in a modern theater school.
文章介绍了阿-阿-格里戈里耶夫戏剧评论中舞台表演重建技术的形成。作者分析了一篇著名的戏剧评论文章,其中格里戈里耶夫关注的主题是阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基的《贫穷不是罪》,该剧于 19 世纪 60 年代初在亚历山大林斯基剧院上演。分析揭示了 19 世纪俄罗斯戏剧批评中出现的 "以戏剧为中心 "的方法:阿-阿-格里戈里耶夫是最早根据阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基的剧本对舞台文本(表演)进行精湛分析的人之一。评论家对阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基作为剧作家的技巧表示敬意,并将在 19 世纪中叶国家剧院中占据重要地位的演员艺术置于其关注的中心。文章作者对 A.A.格里戈里耶夫创作的《贫穷不是罪》一剧中的演员工作进行了多次重构。通过对演员所扮演角色的描述,评论家对演员专业技能的敏锐判断跃然纸上。通过对比老 P.M. 萨多夫斯基(马利剧院,1854 年)和 P.V. 瓦西里耶夫(亚历山大林斯基剧院,1863 年)扮演的卢比姆-托尔佐夫对演员作品的再现,可以看到戏剧评论家在描述演员艺术时的技巧进步。文章还重点介绍了在现代戏剧学校培养戏剧评论家的过程中重新构建正在上演的戏剧的作用。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF A CYCLE OF EXCURSION ROUTES DEDICATED TO A.N. OSTROVSKY ON THE TOPIC: “A.N. OSTROVSKY AND KOSTROMA TERRITORYˮ 以 "A.N. 奥斯特洛夫斯基和科斯特罗马领土ˮ "为主题,开发 "A.N. 奥斯特洛夫斯基游览路线":A.N.奥斯特洛夫斯基和科斯特罗马领土ˮ"。
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-s-152-157
Irina B. Gorlanova, Sofia G. Sharabarina
The urgency of the problem is connected with the 200th anniversary of A.N. Ostrovsky, which reflected the unfading interest in the life and work of the playwright. Kostroma is the birthplace of the ancestors of A.N. Ostrovsky, and the estate “Shchelykovoˮ, located in the Kostroma region, became his creative laboratory for many years. One of the ways to get acquainted with the work of a playwright is to conduct thematic excursions. The article reflects the development of a cycle of excursions dedicated to the playwright A.N. Ostrovsky in the Kostroma region. The main objects of the show associated with the Kostroma relatives and friends of the writer, as well as the places reflected in the plays of the playwright are determined. The role of Kostroma motifs in his work is revealed. The article gives examples of local objects that can be included in the tour, defines the main methods of showing and telling during the tour. As a result, a developed cycle of excursions around the city of Kostroma and the Kostroma Territory is proposed, which will introduce tourists to interesting facts from the biography of A.N. Ostrovsky, will show the reflection of Kostroma motives in his plays, show the significance of the playwright’s heritage in the history and culture of the region.
这个问题的紧迫性与 A.N. 奥斯特洛夫斯基诞辰 200 周年有关,这反映了人们对剧作家生平和作品的浓厚兴趣。科斯特罗马是阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基祖先的出生地,位于科斯特罗马地区的 "什切利科沃庄 园 "多年来一直是他的创作实验室。了解剧作家作品的方法之一是进行专题考察。这篇文章反映了科斯特罗马地区剧作家阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基巡回演出的发展情况。确定了与作家科斯特罗马亲友有关的主要展示对象,以及剧作家戏剧中反映的地点。揭示了科斯特罗马主题在其作品中的作用。文章举例说明了可纳入游览的当地物品,确定了游览过程中展示和讲述的主要方法。因此,文章提出了一个围绕科斯特罗马市和科斯特罗马边疆区的循环游览方案,向游客介绍阿-尼-奥斯特洛夫斯基传记中的趣事,展示科斯特罗马动机在其剧本中的体现,以及剧作家遗产在该地区历史和文化中的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik of Kostroma State University
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