Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522630
Y. Kwag, Y.C. Park, S.C. Park
A new clutter map detector is designed and implemented using an array signal processor (ASP)-high performance multi-DSP board used for the multimode radar signal processor (MRSP)-for regulating the false alarm due to the strong discrete clutter as well as detecting the slowly moving strong target over the clutter zone. This allows the map parameters to be updated such as input velocity filter coefficients, scale factor, and weighting factor. The band-selective clutter map is available by adapting input velocity filter depending on the various types of clutter and/or target environments. This approach can give high target detectability through on-site adaptation.
{"title":"Adaptive clutter map detector with a band-selective velocity filter in the multimode radar signal processor using array processing technique","authors":"Y. Kwag, Y.C. Park, S.C. Park","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522630","url":null,"abstract":"A new clutter map detector is designed and implemented using an array signal processor (ASP)-high performance multi-DSP board used for the multimode radar signal processor (MRSP)-for regulating the false alarm due to the strong discrete clutter as well as detecting the slowly moving strong target over the clutter zone. This allows the map parameters to be updated such as input velocity filter coefficients, scale factor, and weighting factor. The band-selective clutter map is available by adapting input velocity filter depending on the various types of clutter and/or target environments. This approach can give high target detectability through on-site adaptation.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116963372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522599
A. Schroth, K. Bethke, T. Felhauer, B. Rode, M. Schneider
After some introductory notes the principle of target location with the novel DLR near-range experimental radar system is explained and a general system description is given. The functional characteristics and the structure of a single radar station is discussed in detail. Due to sophisticated processing of echo signals of expanded pulses, targets with a backscattering cross section of 1 m/sup 3/ can be detected at a distance of 1 km utilizing fixed, nonrotating antennas having a broad sector characteristic in the azimuth and low power transmitters (<10 W). From the complex valued range echo profiles, measured by the four stations of a module, the so called rolling status for a plurality of targets including classification can be derived. Next, radar signatures of airport surface vehicles is measured under in situ conditions at Munich Airport. These measurement results are used for the verification of the algorithms for the derivation of the rolling status.
{"title":"The DLR near-range experimental radar system for airport surface movement guidance and control","authors":"A. Schroth, K. Bethke, T. Felhauer, B. Rode, M. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522599","url":null,"abstract":"After some introductory notes the principle of target location with the novel DLR near-range experimental radar system is explained and a general system description is given. The functional characteristics and the structure of a single radar station is discussed in detail. Due to sophisticated processing of echo signals of expanded pulses, targets with a backscattering cross section of 1 m/sup 3/ can be detected at a distance of 1 km utilizing fixed, nonrotating antennas having a broad sector characteristic in the azimuth and low power transmitters (<10 W). From the complex valued range echo profiles, measured by the four stations of a module, the so called rolling status for a plurality of targets including classification can be derived. Next, radar signatures of airport surface vehicles is measured under in situ conditions at Munich Airport. These measurement results are used for the verification of the algorithms for the derivation of the rolling status.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522589
S. Abrahamson, B. Brusmark, H. Strifors, G. Gaunaurd
We study the scattering interaction of a complex-shaped target with electromagnetic pulses of short duration transmitted by an impulse radar. The target is a metallized plastic scale model of an aircraft, in this case a B-52 bomber. The form-function, or radar cross-section (RCS), in the backscattering direction, filtered by the complete system made up of radar and digitizing signal analyzer, is determined from the measured data when the target, located in an anechoic chamber, is illuminated at each one of several different aspect angles. The directions of illumination are the head-on, broadside, and tail-on aspects together with a number of intermediate aspects. Also time-frequency signatures from the target are examined, and we notice in particular that they change in a well behaved manner with the aspect angles throughout the entire angular range from head-on to tail-on. Furthermore, the location of a few prominent features remains constant in wide angular intervals. Our examination of the aspect dependence of the time-frequency signatures suggests that the identification of complex-shaped targets can be based upon a small set of templates for each given target. Such sets of time-frequency signatures could then be used in conjunction with neural networks or other pattern recognizers to achieve the unambiguous classification of targets.
{"title":"Aspect dependence of time-frequency signatures of a complex target extracted by impulse radar","authors":"S. Abrahamson, B. Brusmark, H. Strifors, G. Gaunaurd","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522589","url":null,"abstract":"We study the scattering interaction of a complex-shaped target with electromagnetic pulses of short duration transmitted by an impulse radar. The target is a metallized plastic scale model of an aircraft, in this case a B-52 bomber. The form-function, or radar cross-section (RCS), in the backscattering direction, filtered by the complete system made up of radar and digitizing signal analyzer, is determined from the measured data when the target, located in an anechoic chamber, is illuminated at each one of several different aspect angles. The directions of illumination are the head-on, broadside, and tail-on aspects together with a number of intermediate aspects. Also time-frequency signatures from the target are examined, and we notice in particular that they change in a well behaved manner with the aspect angles throughout the entire angular range from head-on to tail-on. Furthermore, the location of a few prominent features remains constant in wide angular intervals. Our examination of the aspect dependence of the time-frequency signatures suggests that the identification of complex-shaped targets can be based upon a small set of templates for each given target. Such sets of time-frequency signatures could then be used in conjunction with neural networks or other pattern recognizers to achieve the unambiguous classification of targets.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116998035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522628
V. Anastassopoulos, G. Lampropoulos
Classification of high resolution radar echoes is carried out using the generalized compound probability density function (GC-pdf). The system noise, usually referred to as thermal noise, is incorporated in the model. The classification procedure comprises the estimation of the parameters of the GC-pdf. The classification vector is properly formed to indicate special cases of the GC-pdf and to choose existing CFAR detectors.
{"title":"High resolution radar clutter classification","authors":"V. Anastassopoulos, G. Lampropoulos","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522628","url":null,"abstract":"Classification of high resolution radar echoes is carried out using the generalized compound probability density function (GC-pdf). The system noise, usually referred to as thermal noise, is incorporated in the model. The classification procedure comprises the estimation of the parameters of the GC-pdf. The classification vector is properly formed to indicate special cases of the GC-pdf and to choose existing CFAR detectors.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117209171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522629
S. Gordon, J. Ritcey
Non-Gaussian clutter distributions have been reported for high resolution radars operating over ocean surface. These observations have given rise to numerous non-Rayleigh clutter amplitude models; eg., log-normal, Weibull, and K. The authors extend these single point amplitude models to multipoint models, joint pdfs (jpdfs) of a vector observation with a prescribed amplitude pdf and covariance. This zero memory nonlinear transformation technique can be used to simulate ergodic WSS non-Gaussian random processes, as well to generate the jpdf of any N sample observation. Ergodicity is an important extension over the nonergodic SIRV model, in which the observation clutter amplitude pdf is not identifiable based on a single realization of any length. The authors utilize the jpdf to develop optimal likelihood ratio detectors for nonfluctuating target returns in K-clutter. The performance of the optimal detector is far superior to the matched filter.
{"title":"Likelihood detection for nonfluctuating targets in ergodic K-clutter","authors":"S. Gordon, J. Ritcey","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522629","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Gaussian clutter distributions have been reported for high resolution radars operating over ocean surface. These observations have given rise to numerous non-Rayleigh clutter amplitude models; eg., log-normal, Weibull, and K. The authors extend these single point amplitude models to multipoint models, joint pdfs (jpdfs) of a vector observation with a prescribed amplitude pdf and covariance. This zero memory nonlinear transformation technique can be used to simulate ergodic WSS non-Gaussian random processes, as well to generate the jpdf of any N sample observation. Ergodicity is an important extension over the nonergodic SIRV model, in which the observation clutter amplitude pdf is not identifiable based on a single realization of any length. The authors utilize the jpdf to develop optimal likelihood ratio detectors for nonfluctuating target returns in K-clutter. The performance of the optimal detector is far superior to the matched filter.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130689633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522612
D. Le Hellard, J. P. Henry, E. Agnesina, M. Moruzzis
This paper presents a site specific ground clutter simulation developed for ground-based radars. The simulation provides clutter power maps according to digital terrain relief and landcover information. The comparison between simulated clutter and actual clutter shows that a good accuracy in clutter simulation can be achieved even for complex landscapes.
{"title":"Ground clutter simulation for surface-based radars","authors":"D. Le Hellard, J. P. Henry, E. Agnesina, M. Moruzzis","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522612","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a site specific ground clutter simulation developed for ground-based radars. The simulation provides clutter power maps according to digital terrain relief and landcover information. The comparison between simulated clutter and actual clutter shows that a good accuracy in clutter simulation can be achieved even for complex landscapes.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130908642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522548
D. Collier, M. Greenspan, D. MacFadyen, L. Orwig
Under a previous IR&D project the capability of an airborne Ku-band slotted flatplate array was expanded to include polarization diversity for automatic target recognition (ATR). A lightweight meanderline polarizer lens was designed, which transmits linearly polarized RF and receives simultaneously both co-polarized and cross-polarized target returns. An optional configuration, obtainable using an RF switch, transmits right-hand circular and receives simultaneously right- and left-hand circularly polarized returns. Either configuration detects two time-correlated polarization scattering states. Such data are useful in target identification either through partial polarization whitening of the image or by supplying feature information for matching against a target model. The addition of a second RF switch to the design allows pulse-to-pulse alternating transmission of both polarizations, in which case the full polarization scattering matrix can be obtained. The linearly polarized aperture of the original array design permits the antenna to support air-to-air pulse doppler monopulse, high resolution synthetic aperture radar ground mapping, and ground moving target track radar modes. The high gain and efficiency of the flatplate array, combined with pulse compression techniques and high transmitter power, give the system a long range, high resolution, ground mapping capability unusual in a nose mounted radar system. With the incorporation of the polarizer lens, the new ATR capability makes this antenna a more powerful tool in air-to-ground combat and surveillance.
{"title":"RF propagation from a flatplate array antenna with polarizing lenses","authors":"D. Collier, M. Greenspan, D. MacFadyen, L. Orwig","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522548","url":null,"abstract":"Under a previous IR&D project the capability of an airborne Ku-band slotted flatplate array was expanded to include polarization diversity for automatic target recognition (ATR). A lightweight meanderline polarizer lens was designed, which transmits linearly polarized RF and receives simultaneously both co-polarized and cross-polarized target returns. An optional configuration, obtainable using an RF switch, transmits right-hand circular and receives simultaneously right- and left-hand circularly polarized returns. Either configuration detects two time-correlated polarization scattering states. Such data are useful in target identification either through partial polarization whitening of the image or by supplying feature information for matching against a target model. The addition of a second RF switch to the design allows pulse-to-pulse alternating transmission of both polarizations, in which case the full polarization scattering matrix can be obtained. The linearly polarized aperture of the original array design permits the antenna to support air-to-air pulse doppler monopulse, high resolution synthetic aperture radar ground mapping, and ground moving target track radar modes. The high gain and efficiency of the flatplate array, combined with pulse compression techniques and high transmitter power, give the system a long range, high resolution, ground mapping capability unusual in a nose mounted radar system. With the incorporation of the polarizer lens, the new ATR capability makes this antenna a more powerful tool in air-to-ground combat and surveillance.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125381954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522596
M. E. Weber, Mark A Isam 'nger, C. Meuse, Steven V Vasiloff, Thomas Shepherd
The UNISYS Corporation has developed a microburst prediction radar (MBPR) to provide detection and short-term predictions of the most hazardous form of low altitude wind shear in the vicinity of an airport. The MBPR is intended for deployment on- or near-airport so as to minimize range coverage (and associated radar power-aperture) requirements. Like the airport surveillance radar wind shear processor (ASR-WSP), the cost of the MBPR is significantly less than that of the terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) so that its deployment at smaller airports might be economically justified if the performance is operationally acceptable. Field tests of engineering prototypes of the MBPR have been conducted in conjunction with FAA-sponsored TDWR and WSP demonstration programs. We assess the capabilities and limitations of each of these systems using a consistent methodology that emphasizes the comparative analysis of the significant parameters of each radar in relation to wind shear phenomenology. An extensive database on wind shear event radar cross section, spatial structure and intensity distribution-derived through our FAA-sponsored testing of TDWR and ASR-WSP prototypes is an important asset in developing this comparison.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of ground-based wind shear detection radars","authors":"M. E. Weber, Mark A Isam 'nger, C. Meuse, Steven V Vasiloff, Thomas Shepherd","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522596","url":null,"abstract":"The UNISYS Corporation has developed a microburst prediction radar (MBPR) to provide detection and short-term predictions of the most hazardous form of low altitude wind shear in the vicinity of an airport. The MBPR is intended for deployment on- or near-airport so as to minimize range coverage (and associated radar power-aperture) requirements. Like the airport surveillance radar wind shear processor (ASR-WSP), the cost of the MBPR is significantly less than that of the terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) so that its deployment at smaller airports might be economically justified if the performance is operationally acceptable. Field tests of engineering prototypes of the MBPR have been conducted in conjunction with FAA-sponsored TDWR and WSP demonstration programs. We assess the capabilities and limitations of each of these systems using a consistent methodology that emphasizes the comparative analysis of the significant parameters of each radar in relation to wind shear phenomenology. An extensive database on wind shear event radar cross section, spatial structure and intensity distribution-derived through our FAA-sponsored testing of TDWR and ASR-WSP prototypes is an important asset in developing this comparison.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125528734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522597
C. Leyh, W. Rubin, S. Katz
The microburst prediction radar is a new low cost airport weather surveillance radar. Intended for on-airport siting, the X-band radar features small size and low radiated power. The system provides 2-4 minutes warning and continuous detection of hazardous microburst wind shear within a 10 km radius. System cost is $500-700K, including installation.
{"title":"A low cost microburst early warning and detection radar","authors":"C. Leyh, W. Rubin, S. Katz","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522597","url":null,"abstract":"The microburst prediction radar is a new low cost airport weather surveillance radar. Intended for on-airport siting, the X-band radar features small size and low radiated power. The system provides 2-4 minutes warning and continuous detection of hazardous microburst wind shear within a 10 km radius. System cost is $500-700K, including installation.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126743617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522585
C. Bouvier, L. Martinet, G. Favier, M. Artaud
In the context of target detection by surface radars, the paper presents a new technique for modelling and simulating the sea clutter. This technique was derived from an analysis of real-life data obtained with an S-band radar. The study on experimental measurements has shown that the correlation properties, in terms of power spectrum, of the sea clutter can be well described by means of a low order autoregressive (AR) model, while its amplitude can be modelled in using the K-distribution. A procedure for simulating sea clutter with an AR model combined with a K amplitude distribution, is proposed and is tested by statistical tests and a comparison with real sea clutter data.
{"title":"Simulation of radar sea clutter using autoregressive modelling and K-distribution","authors":"C. Bouvier, L. Martinet, G. Favier, M. Artaud","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522585","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of target detection by surface radars, the paper presents a new technique for modelling and simulating the sea clutter. This technique was derived from an analysis of real-life data obtained with an S-band radar. The study on experimental measurements has shown that the correlation properties, in terms of power spectrum, of the sea clutter can be well described by means of a low order autoregressive (AR) model, while its amplitude can be modelled in using the K-distribution. A procedure for simulating sea clutter with an AR model combined with a K amplitude distribution, is proposed and is tested by statistical tests and a comparison with real sea clutter data.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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