Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522573
J. Jao, S. Ayasli
Analyses of high resolution UHF synthetic aperture radar images have uncovered a deterministic phase signature of a long wire. Given k/sub 0/ as the wave number and R as the range of a focused image pixel to the phase center of the SAR aperture, a factor exp(-j2k/sub 0/R) is imbedded in the complex target image signal return. This linear image phase variation results in a long, narrow wire spectrum in the spatial frequency domain orthogonal to the wire in orientation and is frequency shifted from the origin of the spectral coordinates. This spectral feature enables coherent processing such as spatial filtering and integration to improve significantly the signal-to-clutter ratio of a wire and its detectability in the clutter environment.
{"title":"SAR detection of wires using image phase signatures","authors":"J. Jao, S. Ayasli","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522573","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of high resolution UHF synthetic aperture radar images have uncovered a deterministic phase signature of a long wire. Given k/sub 0/ as the wave number and R as the range of a focused image pixel to the phase center of the SAR aperture, a factor exp(-j2k/sub 0/R) is imbedded in the complex target image signal return. This linear image phase variation results in a long, narrow wire spectrum in the spatial frequency domain orthogonal to the wire in orientation and is frequency shifted from the origin of the spectral coordinates. This spectral feature enables coherent processing such as spatial filtering and integration to improve significantly the signal-to-clutter ratio of a wire and its detectability in the clutter environment.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126934615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522553
R. Graves
There exists a large amount of man-made debris in low Earth orbit. The quantity of this debris is growing every year as a result of on-going activities in space. Much of the debris consists of particles which are too small to be tracked from the ground, but nevertheless pose a threat to satellites and space stations. This paper examines the possibility of a relatively low powered orbiting radar which, over a period of time, could measure debris positions and velocities and thereby build up a database of debris orbits. Large orbiting structures could use this database for advance warning of impending collisions and maneuver themselves out of the collision path, thereby mitigating the long-term risk of collision damage.
{"title":"Conceptual design for an orbiting debris detection radar","authors":"R. Graves","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522553","url":null,"abstract":"There exists a large amount of man-made debris in low Earth orbit. The quantity of this debris is growing every year as a result of on-going activities in space. Much of the debris consists of particles which are too small to be tracked from the ground, but nevertheless pose a threat to satellites and space stations. This paper examines the possibility of a relatively low powered orbiting radar which, over a period of time, could measure debris positions and velocities and thereby build up a database of debris orbits. Large orbiting structures could use this database for advance warning of impending collisions and maneuver themselves out of the collision path, thereby mitigating the long-term risk of collision damage.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522634
W. Wirth
The objective of the described floodlight radar resulted from the threat by ARM-missiles. By avoiding a scanning narrow transmit beam the radiation may be covered by a decoy transmitter all the time. The floodlight transmission is combined with a CW-signal, modulated by a polyphase code for range estimation. A multibeam receiver allows the direction estimation of targets. For detection the signals have to be integrated over a period corresponding to the usual scan period, e.g. 2 sec. A Doppler tolerant test procedure applying a combination of autocorrelation estimates is suggested and discussed. The detection performance turns out to be almost comparable to coherent processing but to be more robust for signals with varying Doppler frequencies.
{"title":"Long term coherent integration for a floodlight radar","authors":"W. Wirth","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522634","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the described floodlight radar resulted from the threat by ARM-missiles. By avoiding a scanning narrow transmit beam the radiation may be covered by a decoy transmitter all the time. The floodlight transmission is combined with a CW-signal, modulated by a polyphase code for range estimation. A multibeam receiver allows the direction estimation of targets. For detection the signals have to be integrated over a period corresponding to the usual scan period, e.g. 2 sec. A Doppler tolerant test procedure applying a combination of autocorrelation estimates is suggested and discussed. The detection performance turns out to be almost comparable to coherent processing but to be more robust for signals with varying Doppler frequencies.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115178475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522563
R. Baltes, G. van Keuk
This paper addresses the problem of tracking multiple targets in a net of passive (angle only) 2D- of 3D-radar (azimuth or azimuth and elevation). No decentralised local bearing tracks are built, but measurements are fused on a central level. No signal or signal following information is used. We assume multiple coverage, high probability of detection and consider resolution conflicts of data and false alarms. A basic algorithm used to process asynchronous decentralised bearings is given. An algorithm for a full online tracking system with track initiation and deletion is described. Its central part is the global deghosting algorithm. It inherently works as the global (space/time) data for the track assignment algorithm. Simulation results of a dynamic scenario are given.
{"title":"Tracking multiple manoeuvering targets in a network of passive radars","authors":"R. Baltes, G. van Keuk","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522563","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of tracking multiple targets in a net of passive (angle only) 2D- of 3D-radar (azimuth or azimuth and elevation). No decentralised local bearing tracks are built, but measurements are fused on a central level. No signal or signal following information is used. We assume multiple coverage, high probability of detection and consider resolution conflicts of data and false alarms. A basic algorithm used to process asynchronous decentralised bearings is given. An algorithm for a full online tracking system with track initiation and deletion is described. Its central part is the global deghosting algorithm. It inherently works as the global (space/time) data for the track assignment algorithm. Simulation results of a dynamic scenario are given.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122769417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522558
J. F. Michaels
It has been demonstrated by NASA in flight tests that an airborne Doppler radar can reliably detect and provide advanced warning of hazardous windshears, even in the presence of severe ground clutter. A full scan far field radiated test of an installed airborne Doppler radar has to date been extremely difficult to achieve if not impossible. The paper describes a testing technique that allows radiated testing of an installed airborne radar while on the flightline without any interconnections. The performance of the airborne Doppler radar is discussed first, followed by the requirements of the flightline tester necessary to verify this performance.
{"title":"A new concept for radiated testing of airborne Doppler weather radar with forward looking windshear detection capability","authors":"J. F. Michaels","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522558","url":null,"abstract":"It has been demonstrated by NASA in flight tests that an airborne Doppler radar can reliably detect and provide advanced warning of hazardous windshears, even in the presence of severe ground clutter. A full scan far field radiated test of an installed airborne Doppler radar has to date been extremely difficult to achieve if not impossible. The paper describes a testing technique that allows radiated testing of an installed airborne radar while on the flightline without any interconnections. The performance of the airborne Doppler radar is discussed first, followed by the requirements of the flightline tester necessary to verify this performance.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124520995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522588
E. F. Stockburger, D. Held
This paper describes an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing technique, interferometric moving target focusing (IMTF), which is capable of creating clutter suppressed moving ground target images. One-meter range resolution data has been processed and is presented. The potential benefit of a moving ground target imaging system, the IMTF processing approach, differences between IMTF and other moving ground target imaging techniques and attributes of the moving target imagery are discussed.
{"title":"Interferometric moving ground target imaging","authors":"E. F. Stockburger, D. Held","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522588","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing technique, interferometric moving target focusing (IMTF), which is capable of creating clutter suppressed moving ground target images. One-meter range resolution data has been processed and is presented. The potential benefit of a moving ground target imaging system, the IMTF processing approach, differences between IMTF and other moving ground target imaging techniques and attributes of the moving target imagery are discussed.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124480077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522586
Xiaojian Xu, Z. Fan
In the paper a high resolution millimeter wave (mmW) scanning imaging radar is introduced. The principles of high resolution two-dimensional (2-D) imaging and the image reconstruction algorithm are discussed in detail. Typical experimental results imaging on a full-scale large vehicle are presented.
{"title":"High resolution imaging of large vehicle by mmW scanning sensors","authors":"Xiaojian Xu, Z. Fan","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522586","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper a high resolution millimeter wave (mmW) scanning imaging radar is introduced. The principles of high resolution two-dimensional (2-D) imaging and the image reconstruction algorithm are discussed in detail. Typical experimental results imaging on a full-scale large vehicle are presented.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126932271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522569
D. K. Barton
During the past several decades, the Soviet Union investment in air defense systems has exceeded that of the Western nations. New relationships with the West have provided opportunities for us to see aspects of a new generation of Russian radar engineering not previously evident, with some surprising results. A few of these are described, in areas of surface-to-air missile control radar systems using new types of phased arrays, unlike those developed in the US and allied countries. The major features of some of these systems, and differences from Western design practices, are discussed.
{"title":"Recent developments in Russian radar systems","authors":"D. K. Barton","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522569","url":null,"abstract":"During the past several decades, the Soviet Union investment in air defense systems has exceeded that of the Western nations. New relationships with the West have provided opportunities for us to see aspects of a new generation of Russian radar engineering not previously evident, with some surprising results. A few of these are described, in areas of surface-to-air missile control radar systems using new types of phased arrays, unlike those developed in the US and allied countries. The major features of some of these systems, and differences from Western design practices, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128086547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522580
Y. Wang, Q. Zheng
A region-based method is presented for the recognition of roads and bridges in fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. For the recognition of bridges, a CFAR detector is first used to extract strong backscatterers from bridge fences; the backscatterers are then grouped using a Hough transform to find potential bridge fences; finally, bridges are delineated according to the polarimetric features of the regions between the potential fences. After the delineation of bridges, another Hough transform is used to recognize roads. Morphological filtering is used to suppress speckle in SAR images. Results on high resolution SAR images obtained from Lincoln Laboratory are given.
{"title":"Recognition of roads and bridges in SAR images","authors":"Y. Wang, Q. Zheng","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522580","url":null,"abstract":"A region-based method is presented for the recognition of roads and bridges in fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. For the recognition of bridges, a CFAR detector is first used to extract strong backscatterers from bridge fences; the backscatterers are then grouped using a Hough transform to find potential bridge fences; finally, bridges are delineated according to the polarimetric features of the regions between the potential fences. After the delineation of bridges, another Hough transform is used to recognize roads. Morphological filtering is used to suppress speckle in SAR images. Results on high resolution SAR images obtained from Lincoln Laboratory are given.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131468359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522581
K. Rosenbach, J. Schiller
In the past, many methods have been proposed and investigated to identify aircraft non-cooperatively, e.g. by using the infrared-, acoustical-, optical or radar-signatures of the targets. Some of these methods are passive, having the advantage of not alerting the observed object, but with some other shortcomings such as very limited observation ranges or marginal resolutions. The approach presented is based on exploitation of 2-dimensional radar images of an aircraft. Under certain constraints concerning the aspect angle of the target and manoeuvres, these images contain information that may allow for the identification of the aircraft under observation. A processing scheme for an identification process based on 2-D radar images is outlined and the results using both simulated and real data are shown.
{"title":"Identification of aircraft on the basis of 2-D radar images","authors":"K. Rosenbach, J. Schiller","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522581","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, many methods have been proposed and investigated to identify aircraft non-cooperatively, e.g. by using the infrared-, acoustical-, optical or radar-signatures of the targets. Some of these methods are passive, having the advantage of not alerting the observed object, but with some other shortcomings such as very limited observation ranges or marginal resolutions. The approach presented is based on exploitation of 2-dimensional radar images of an aircraft. Under certain constraints concerning the aspect angle of the target and manoeuvres, these images contain information that may allow for the identification of the aircraft under observation. A processing scheme for an identification process based on 2-D radar images is outlined and the results using both simulated and real data are shown.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131751751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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