Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522524
A. Farina, F. Gini, M. Greco, P. Lombardo
This paper introduces the mathematical model of radar echoes generated by the mixture of coherent K-distributed and Gaussian distributed clutter sources. The optimum strategy to detect an a priori known target against the above mentioned disturbance and thermal noise is also presented, based on the likelihood ratio test. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to evaluate the receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). The probability of detection for a given false alarm probability has been calculated as a function of signal to noise ratio, K-distributed clutter to noise ratio, Gaussian distributed clutter to noise ratio, number of integrated pulses, order parameter /spl upsi/, correlation lengths of K-clutter and Gaussian disturbance. Moreover the performance of such a detector is compared with that of the detectors designed to take into account only one type of disturbance, either the K-distributed clutter or the Gaussian clutter.
{"title":"Coherent radar detection of targets against a combination of K-distributed and Gaussian clutter","authors":"A. Farina, F. Gini, M. Greco, P. Lombardo","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the mathematical model of radar echoes generated by the mixture of coherent K-distributed and Gaussian distributed clutter sources. The optimum strategy to detect an a priori known target against the above mentioned disturbance and thermal noise is also presented, based on the likelihood ratio test. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to evaluate the receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). The probability of detection for a given false alarm probability has been calculated as a function of signal to noise ratio, K-distributed clutter to noise ratio, Gaussian distributed clutter to noise ratio, number of integrated pulses, order parameter /spl upsi/, correlation lengths of K-clutter and Gaussian disturbance. Moreover the performance of such a detector is compared with that of the detectors designed to take into account only one type of disturbance, either the K-distributed clutter or the Gaussian clutter.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133324818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522642
D. H. Turnbull
The Federal Aviation Administration has established three ground-based weather radar programs. The terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) and weather system processor (WSP) provide wind shear detection capability for air traffic controllers in the terminal area. These systems also reduce weather related delays. The next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) is used by the FAA to improve safety and reduce weather related delays in the en route environment. A significant technical challenge for all three of these systems is to provide reliable weather data for aviation without false alarms. The TDWR and NEXRAD are in the deployment phase while the WSP is in development.
{"title":"Aviation weather radar","authors":"D. H. Turnbull","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522642","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration has established three ground-based weather radar programs. The terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) and weather system processor (WSP) provide wind shear detection capability for air traffic controllers in the terminal area. These systems also reduce weather related delays. The next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) is used by the FAA to improve safety and reduce weather related delays in the en route environment. A significant technical challenge for all three of these systems is to provide reliable weather data for aviation without false alarms. The TDWR and NEXRAD are in the deployment phase while the WSP is in development.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522595
R. Goodman, S. Tummala, W. Carrara
The formation of low-frequency, ultra-wideband/widebeam (UWB/WB) SAR imagery faces inherent challenges not present in conventional SAR systems operating at higher frequencies. Small angle approximations and other shortcuts taken in conventional SAR processors may be inappropriate for the UWB/WB SAR processor. The severe range migration associated with fine resolution UWB/WB SAR poses a significant problem for the image formation algorithm. The combination of a long synthetic aperture and a wide azimuth beamwidth has important implications for motion compensation implementation and performance. We survey the major challenges to UWB/WB SAR image formation. The emphasis is on the formation of fine resolution digital imagery from low frequency UWB/WB data collected in the stripmap mode by an airborne SAR system. We examine the differences in image formation and data processing between UWB/WB systems and conventional SAR systems. We illustrate aspects of UWB/WB image formation with imagery from the P3 ultra-wideband radar system-a 0.3 m resolution SAR which operates in the VHF/UHF frequency bands.
{"title":"Issues in ultra-wideband, widebeam SAR image formation","authors":"R. Goodman, S. Tummala, W. Carrara","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522595","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of low-frequency, ultra-wideband/widebeam (UWB/WB) SAR imagery faces inherent challenges not present in conventional SAR systems operating at higher frequencies. Small angle approximations and other shortcuts taken in conventional SAR processors may be inappropriate for the UWB/WB SAR processor. The severe range migration associated with fine resolution UWB/WB SAR poses a significant problem for the image formation algorithm. The combination of a long synthetic aperture and a wide azimuth beamwidth has important implications for motion compensation implementation and performance. We survey the major challenges to UWB/WB SAR image formation. The emphasis is on the formation of fine resolution digital imagery from low frequency UWB/WB data collected in the stripmap mode by an airborne SAR system. We examine the differences in image formation and data processing between UWB/WB systems and conventional SAR systems. We illustrate aspects of UWB/WB image formation with imagery from the P3 ultra-wideband radar system-a 0.3 m resolution SAR which operates in the VHF/UHF frequency bands.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122250434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522514
Wu Manqing, Ruan Xin-chang, Su Longxiang
The East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering (ECRIEE) has been involved in the research of bistatic/multistatic radar systems, digital beam forming (DBF) and other advanced techniques in radar for many years. The paper reports on work on the successful development of an experimental bistatic radar. The system has been built to demonstrate the characteristics and ECCM capabilities of bistatic radars. An experimental S-band pulse chasing bistatic radar system based on digital beamforming technology is described, with the emphasis on the design features and the solutions to some key technologies; some field test results are also given.
{"title":"An experimental S-band pulse chasing bistatic radar system-PCBRS-I","authors":"Wu Manqing, Ruan Xin-chang, Su Longxiang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522514","url":null,"abstract":"The East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering (ECRIEE) has been involved in the research of bistatic/multistatic radar systems, digital beam forming (DBF) and other advanced techniques in radar for many years. The paper reports on work on the successful development of an experimental bistatic radar. The system has been built to demonstrate the characteristics and ECCM capabilities of bistatic radars. An experimental S-band pulse chasing bistatic radar system based on digital beamforming technology is described, with the emphasis on the design features and the solutions to some key technologies; some field test results are also given.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522602
M. E. Weber, R. Delanoy, E. Chornoboy
Discusses data processing techniques that can provide high quality, automated weather information using the FAA's existing Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR-9). The cost of modifying the ASR-9 is significantly less than that for deployment of the dedicated terminal Doppler weather radar. These techniques have been implemented on a prototype ASR-9 weather surveillance processor (WSP) and have been tested operationally at the Orlando, FL and Albuquerque, NM air traffic control towers. The key to the success of this system has been the development of innovative data processing techniques that accommodate the non-optimum parameters of the ASR as a weather sensor. The authors motivate the development of the ASR-9 WSP system and describe in detail the data processing techniques that have been employed to achieve an operationally useful capability. They provide an overview of the WSP and the ongoing system development and test program. They provide specifics on the data processing algorithms that have been key to successful implementation of this capability.
{"title":"Data processing techniques for airport surveillance radar weather sensing","authors":"M. E. Weber, R. Delanoy, E. Chornoboy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522602","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses data processing techniques that can provide high quality, automated weather information using the FAA's existing Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR-9). The cost of modifying the ASR-9 is significantly less than that for deployment of the dedicated terminal Doppler weather radar. These techniques have been implemented on a prototype ASR-9 weather surveillance processor (WSP) and have been tested operationally at the Orlando, FL and Albuquerque, NM air traffic control towers. The key to the success of this system has been the development of innovative data processing techniques that accommodate the non-optimum parameters of the ASR as a weather sensor. The authors motivate the development of the ASR-9 WSP system and describe in detail the data processing techniques that have been employed to achieve an operationally useful capability. They provide an overview of the WSP and the ongoing system development and test program. They provide specifics on the data processing algorithms that have been key to successful implementation of this capability.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115164718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522571
D. Nazarenko, D. Martenson, S. Rossignol, G. Staples
RADARSAT represents Canada's entry into the arena of Earth observation satellite owner/operatorship. The RADARSAT program is supported by strong partnerships between Canadian and international industry, federal and provincial governments and various other partners. We review RADARSAT's image characteristics, addressing various application requirements. The data collected by RADARSAT will be useful for a wide variety of applications in agriculture, cartography, coastal zone, forestry, geology, hydrology, land use, oceans and sea ice. The data may provide a cost-effective alternative to other forms of data acquisition, or may be used to optimize current data collection programs. RADARSAT's all-weather imaging capabilities, multiple beam modes, and two look directions (ascending and descending orbits), provide users with an abundance of imaging choice.
{"title":"RADARSAT image characteristics and application requirements","authors":"D. Nazarenko, D. Martenson, S. Rossignol, G. Staples","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522571","url":null,"abstract":"RADARSAT represents Canada's entry into the arena of Earth observation satellite owner/operatorship. The RADARSAT program is supported by strong partnerships between Canadian and international industry, federal and provincial governments and various other partners. We review RADARSAT's image characteristics, addressing various application requirements. The data collected by RADARSAT will be useful for a wide variety of applications in agriculture, cartography, coastal zone, forestry, geology, hydrology, land use, oceans and sea ice. The data may provide a cost-effective alternative to other forms of data acquisition, or may be used to optimize current data collection programs. RADARSAT's all-weather imaging capabilities, multiple beam modes, and two look directions (ascending and descending orbits), provide users with an abundance of imaging choice.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116087282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522605
M. Sarango, R. Woodman, E. Ragaini, E. Vasquez
Atmospheric remote sensing by Doppler radar is an increasingly used technique. An MST radar is an instrument that can be used for mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere remote sensing. This paper describes a signal processing and control system for atmospheric sounding radars, with improved characteristics with respect to formerly used architectures. The authors refer especially to wind profiling as an important and interesting application. The system allows up to 4 receiver signals to be processed at the same time, with 60 range gates and 300 m height resolution. The use of two DSPs working in parallel allows the use of a single PC for real time data processing and system control. Some experimental results are reported.
{"title":"A multi-DSP signal processing and control system for MST radar","authors":"M. Sarango, R. Woodman, E. Ragaini, E. Vasquez","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522605","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric remote sensing by Doppler radar is an increasingly used technique. An MST radar is an instrument that can be used for mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere remote sensing. This paper describes a signal processing and control system for atmospheric sounding radars, with improved characteristics with respect to formerly used architectures. The authors refer especially to wind profiling as an important and interesting application. The system allows up to 4 receiver signals to be processed at the same time, with 60 range gates and 300 m height resolution. The use of two DSPs working in parallel allows the use of a single PC for real time data processing and system control. Some experimental results are reported.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116690280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635
D.C. Schleher
The periscope detection problem is described. An advanced simulation model is developed which allows the performance of advanced periscope detection radars to be determined. An advanced system employing three-dimensional filters and distribution-free CFAR is postulated. Detection curves are developed showing the effects of radar resolution, platform altitude and sea state on system performance. The best detection performance is achieved with high resolution radar operating at low platform altitudes.
{"title":"Periscope detection radar","authors":"D.C. Schleher","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635","url":null,"abstract":"The periscope detection problem is described. An advanced simulation model is developed which allows the performance of advanced periscope detection radars to be determined. An advanced system employing three-dimensional filters and distribution-free CFAR is postulated. Detection curves are developed showing the effects of radar resolution, platform altitude and sea state on system performance. The best detection performance is achieved with high resolution radar operating at low platform altitudes.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522636
U. Nickel
The paper investigates how subarrays in a large phased array should be arranged. The aim is to form sum and difference beams with low sidelobes with and without adaptation against external interference. At each array element phase shifting and amplitude tapering for one beam with low sidelobes is assumed. The other beams (e.g. difference beams) have to be formed digitally at the subarray outputs. Problems with grating lobes are considered.
{"title":"Subarray configurations for digital beamforming with low sidelobes and adaptive interference suppression","authors":"U. Nickel","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522636","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates how subarrays in a large phased array should be arranged. The aim is to form sum and difference beams with low sidelobes with and without adaptation against external interference. At each array element phase shifting and amplitude tapering for one beam with low sidelobes is assumed. The other beams (e.g. difference beams) have to be formed digitally at the subarray outputs. Problems with grating lobes are considered.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124974137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522615
J. Guan, You He
This paper studies the performance of the GOSCA CFAR detector in clutter edge situation. We derive the analytic expressions of false alarm probabilities in clutter edge situation, analyse its performance against clutter edge, and compare it with the OS, CA, GO and SO detectors. Results show that the false alarm control of GOSCA is about the same as CA and OS with k/sub os/=(k+l)/sub GOSCA/, and poorer than that of GO which has the better control of false alarm.
本文研究了GOSCA CFAR探测器在杂波边缘情况下的性能。推导了杂波边缘情况下虚警概率的解析表达式，分析了其抗杂波边缘的性能，并与OS、CA、GO和SO检测器进行了比较。结果表明，当k/sub OS /=(k+l)/sub GOSCA/时，GOSCA对虚警的控制效果与CA和OS基本相同，而GO对虚警的控制效果较好。
{"title":"Performance analysis of GOSCA CFAR detector in clutter edge situation","authors":"J. Guan, You He","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the performance of the GOSCA CFAR detector in clutter edge situation. We derive the analytic expressions of false alarm probabilities in clutter edge situation, analyse its performance against clutter edge, and compare it with the OS, CA, GO and SO detectors. Results show that the false alarm control of GOSCA is about the same as CA and OS with k/sub os/=(k+l)/sub GOSCA/, and poorer than that of GO which has the better control of false alarm.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125891694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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