Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522524
A. Farina, F. Gini, M. Greco, P. Lombardo
This paper introduces the mathematical model of radar echoes generated by the mixture of coherent K-distributed and Gaussian distributed clutter sources. The optimum strategy to detect an a priori known target against the above mentioned disturbance and thermal noise is also presented, based on the likelihood ratio test. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to evaluate the receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). The probability of detection for a given false alarm probability has been calculated as a function of signal to noise ratio, K-distributed clutter to noise ratio, Gaussian distributed clutter to noise ratio, number of integrated pulses, order parameter /spl upsi/, correlation lengths of K-clutter and Gaussian disturbance. Moreover the performance of such a detector is compared with that of the detectors designed to take into account only one type of disturbance, either the K-distributed clutter or the Gaussian clutter.
{"title":"Coherent radar detection of targets against a combination of K-distributed and Gaussian clutter","authors":"A. Farina, F. Gini, M. Greco, P. Lombardo","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the mathematical model of radar echoes generated by the mixture of coherent K-distributed and Gaussian distributed clutter sources. The optimum strategy to detect an a priori known target against the above mentioned disturbance and thermal noise is also presented, based on the likelihood ratio test. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to evaluate the receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). The probability of detection for a given false alarm probability has been calculated as a function of signal to noise ratio, K-distributed clutter to noise ratio, Gaussian distributed clutter to noise ratio, number of integrated pulses, order parameter /spl upsi/, correlation lengths of K-clutter and Gaussian disturbance. Moreover the performance of such a detector is compared with that of the detectors designed to take into account only one type of disturbance, either the K-distributed clutter or the Gaussian clutter.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133324818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522642
D. H. Turnbull
The Federal Aviation Administration has established three ground-based weather radar programs. The terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) and weather system processor (WSP) provide wind shear detection capability for air traffic controllers in the terminal area. These systems also reduce weather related delays. The next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) is used by the FAA to improve safety and reduce weather related delays in the en route environment. A significant technical challenge for all three of these systems is to provide reliable weather data for aviation without false alarms. The TDWR and NEXRAD are in the deployment phase while the WSP is in development.
{"title":"Aviation weather radar","authors":"D. H. Turnbull","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522642","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration has established three ground-based weather radar programs. The terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) and weather system processor (WSP) provide wind shear detection capability for air traffic controllers in the terminal area. These systems also reduce weather related delays. The next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) is used by the FAA to improve safety and reduce weather related delays in the en route environment. A significant technical challenge for all three of these systems is to provide reliable weather data for aviation without false alarms. The TDWR and NEXRAD are in the deployment phase while the WSP is in development.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522602
M. E. Weber, R. Delanoy, E. Chornoboy
Discusses data processing techniques that can provide high quality, automated weather information using the FAA's existing Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR-9). The cost of modifying the ASR-9 is significantly less than that for deployment of the dedicated terminal Doppler weather radar. These techniques have been implemented on a prototype ASR-9 weather surveillance processor (WSP) and have been tested operationally at the Orlando, FL and Albuquerque, NM air traffic control towers. The key to the success of this system has been the development of innovative data processing techniques that accommodate the non-optimum parameters of the ASR as a weather sensor. The authors motivate the development of the ASR-9 WSP system and describe in detail the data processing techniques that have been employed to achieve an operationally useful capability. They provide an overview of the WSP and the ongoing system development and test program. They provide specifics on the data processing algorithms that have been key to successful implementation of this capability.
{"title":"Data processing techniques for airport surveillance radar weather sensing","authors":"M. E. Weber, R. Delanoy, E. Chornoboy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522602","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses data processing techniques that can provide high quality, automated weather information using the FAA's existing Airport Surveillance Radars (ASR-9). The cost of modifying the ASR-9 is significantly less than that for deployment of the dedicated terminal Doppler weather radar. These techniques have been implemented on a prototype ASR-9 weather surveillance processor (WSP) and have been tested operationally at the Orlando, FL and Albuquerque, NM air traffic control towers. The key to the success of this system has been the development of innovative data processing techniques that accommodate the non-optimum parameters of the ASR as a weather sensor. The authors motivate the development of the ASR-9 WSP system and describe in detail the data processing techniques that have been employed to achieve an operationally useful capability. They provide an overview of the WSP and the ongoing system development and test program. They provide specifics on the data processing algorithms that have been key to successful implementation of this capability.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115164718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522534
E. Thomas
The algorithm described provides simultaneous availability of the state estimates corresponding to many orders of filters through the use of the fading memory (discounted) averages of the residuals of each lower order to obtain the estimates of a higher order. These averages are also used to provide maneuver parameters at different levels in order to obtain a gracefully changing hybrid combination of the filter estimates. Further, as the state estimate of a higher order filter is generally better than that of the lower order, particularly in respect of bias errors during and after a maneuver period, continual re-initialization of the lower order filters, using the higher order estimate, is effected through the use of the relevant maneuver parameter, enabling the filter to settle down faster towards the steady state conditions after a maneuver. The self-adaptive use of the the higher order estimates during maneuver thus provides a good smoothing under steady state conditions combined with rapid maneuver following with minimal bias errors, even in low data rate radar systems.
{"title":"Multiple order, multiple-time constant self-adaptive tracking filter","authors":"E. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522534","url":null,"abstract":"The algorithm described provides simultaneous availability of the state estimates corresponding to many orders of filters through the use of the fading memory (discounted) averages of the residuals of each lower order to obtain the estimates of a higher order. These averages are also used to provide maneuver parameters at different levels in order to obtain a gracefully changing hybrid combination of the filter estimates. Further, as the state estimate of a higher order filter is generally better than that of the lower order, particularly in respect of bias errors during and after a maneuver period, continual re-initialization of the lower order filters, using the higher order estimate, is effected through the use of the relevant maneuver parameter, enabling the filter to settle down faster towards the steady state conditions after a maneuver. The self-adaptive use of the the higher order estimates during maneuver thus provides a good smoothing under steady state conditions combined with rapid maneuver following with minimal bias errors, even in low data rate radar systems.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522571
D. Nazarenko, D. Martenson, S. Rossignol, G. Staples
RADARSAT represents Canada's entry into the arena of Earth observation satellite owner/operatorship. The RADARSAT program is supported by strong partnerships between Canadian and international industry, federal and provincial governments and various other partners. We review RADARSAT's image characteristics, addressing various application requirements. The data collected by RADARSAT will be useful for a wide variety of applications in agriculture, cartography, coastal zone, forestry, geology, hydrology, land use, oceans and sea ice. The data may provide a cost-effective alternative to other forms of data acquisition, or may be used to optimize current data collection programs. RADARSAT's all-weather imaging capabilities, multiple beam modes, and two look directions (ascending and descending orbits), provide users with an abundance of imaging choice.
{"title":"RADARSAT image characteristics and application requirements","authors":"D. Nazarenko, D. Martenson, S. Rossignol, G. Staples","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522571","url":null,"abstract":"RADARSAT represents Canada's entry into the arena of Earth observation satellite owner/operatorship. The RADARSAT program is supported by strong partnerships between Canadian and international industry, federal and provincial governments and various other partners. We review RADARSAT's image characteristics, addressing various application requirements. The data collected by RADARSAT will be useful for a wide variety of applications in agriculture, cartography, coastal zone, forestry, geology, hydrology, land use, oceans and sea ice. The data may provide a cost-effective alternative to other forms of data acquisition, or may be used to optimize current data collection programs. RADARSAT's all-weather imaging capabilities, multiple beam modes, and two look directions (ascending and descending orbits), provide users with an abundance of imaging choice.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116087282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635
D.C. Schleher
The periscope detection problem is described. An advanced simulation model is developed which allows the performance of advanced periscope detection radars to be determined. An advanced system employing three-dimensional filters and distribution-free CFAR is postulated. Detection curves are developed showing the effects of radar resolution, platform altitude and sea state on system performance. The best detection performance is achieved with high resolution radar operating at low platform altitudes.
{"title":"Periscope detection radar","authors":"D.C. Schleher","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635","url":null,"abstract":"The periscope detection problem is described. An advanced simulation model is developed which allows the performance of advanced periscope detection radars to be determined. An advanced system employing three-dimensional filters and distribution-free CFAR is postulated. Detection curves are developed showing the effects of radar resolution, platform altitude and sea state on system performance. The best detection performance is achieved with high resolution radar operating at low platform altitudes.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522514
Wu Manqing, Ruan Xin-chang, Su Longxiang
The East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering (ECRIEE) has been involved in the research of bistatic/multistatic radar systems, digital beam forming (DBF) and other advanced techniques in radar for many years. The paper reports on work on the successful development of an experimental bistatic radar. The system has been built to demonstrate the characteristics and ECCM capabilities of bistatic radars. An experimental S-band pulse chasing bistatic radar system based on digital beamforming technology is described, with the emphasis on the design features and the solutions to some key technologies; some field test results are also given.
{"title":"An experimental S-band pulse chasing bistatic radar system-PCBRS-I","authors":"Wu Manqing, Ruan Xin-chang, Su Longxiang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522514","url":null,"abstract":"The East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering (ECRIEE) has been involved in the research of bistatic/multistatic radar systems, digital beam forming (DBF) and other advanced techniques in radar for many years. The paper reports on work on the successful development of an experimental bistatic radar. The system has been built to demonstrate the characteristics and ECCM capabilities of bistatic radars. An experimental S-band pulse chasing bistatic radar system based on digital beamforming technology is described, with the emphasis on the design features and the solutions to some key technologies; some field test results are also given.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124797578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522636
U. Nickel
The paper investigates how subarrays in a large phased array should be arranged. The aim is to form sum and difference beams with low sidelobes with and without adaptation against external interference. At each array element phase shifting and amplitude tapering for one beam with low sidelobes is assumed. The other beams (e.g. difference beams) have to be formed digitally at the subarray outputs. Problems with grating lobes are considered.
{"title":"Subarray configurations for digital beamforming with low sidelobes and adaptive interference suppression","authors":"U. Nickel","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522636","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates how subarrays in a large phased array should be arranged. The aim is to form sum and difference beams with low sidelobes with and without adaptation against external interference. At each array element phase shifting and amplitude tapering for one beam with low sidelobes is assumed. The other beams (e.g. difference beams) have to be formed digitally at the subarray outputs. Problems with grating lobes are considered.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124974137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522615
J. Guan, You He
This paper studies the performance of the GOSCA CFAR detector in clutter edge situation. We derive the analytic expressions of false alarm probabilities in clutter edge situation, analyse its performance against clutter edge, and compare it with the OS, CA, GO and SO detectors. Results show that the false alarm control of GOSCA is about the same as CA and OS with k/sub os/=(k+l)/sub GOSCA/, and poorer than that of GO which has the better control of false alarm.
本文研究了GOSCA CFAR探测器在杂波边缘情况下的性能。推导了杂波边缘情况下虚警概率的解析表达式，分析了其抗杂波边缘的性能，并与OS、CA、GO和SO检测器进行了比较。结果表明，当k/sub OS /=(k+l)/sub GOSCA/时，GOSCA对虚警的控制效果与CA和OS基本相同，而GO对虚警的控制效果较好。
{"title":"Performance analysis of GOSCA CFAR detector in clutter edge situation","authors":"J. Guan, You He","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the performance of the GOSCA CFAR detector in clutter edge situation. We derive the analytic expressions of false alarm probabilities in clutter edge situation, analyse its performance against clutter edge, and compare it with the OS, CA, GO and SO detectors. Results show that the false alarm control of GOSCA is about the same as CA and OS with k/sub os/=(k+l)/sub GOSCA/, and poorer than that of GO which has the better control of false alarm.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125891694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-08DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1995.522623
H. Wang, Yuhong Zhang, Qingwen Zhang
Since the late 1980s, there has been a renewed interest in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) with applications to airborne early warning (AEW) radars, as illustrated by the fact that several major research and development projects have been initiated. This paper presents our observations on some of space-time processing algorithm research issues which need further attention. Discussed in certain detail are the suppression of coherent repeater jammers and the calibration error effect on the emulated airborne clutter data using the inverse displaced phase center array method. Other issues commented on in this paper include aperture design, system performance comparison, polarization-space-time adaptive processing, new applications, etc.
{"title":"A view of current status of space-time processing algorithm research","authors":"H. Wang, Yuhong Zhang, Qingwen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1995.522623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1995.522623","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 1980s, there has been a renewed interest in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) with applications to airborne early warning (AEW) radars, as illustrated by the fact that several major research and development projects have been initiated. This paper presents our observations on some of space-time processing algorithm research issues which need further attention. Discussed in certain detail are the suppression of coherent repeater jammers and the calibration error effect on the emulated airborne clutter data using the inverse displaced phase center array method. Other issues commented on in this paper include aperture design, system performance comparison, polarization-space-time adaptive processing, new applications, etc.","PeriodicalId":326587,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International Radar Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121680580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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