Adam Newcomer, S. Blumsack, J. Apt, L. Lave, M. G. Morgan
Stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels at acceptable levels will require a dramatic de-carbonization of the electric generation sector in the U.S. One increasingly discussed way to meet this policy goal is to put an explicit price on carbon emissions, either through a tax or a trading scheme. Increasing demand response has also been discussed as a way to reduce carbon emissions in the U.S. electricity industry. We examine the short-run effectiveness of a policy combining demand response with a carbon tax. Using plant-level operational data, we construct short-run cost curves for three U.S. regional electric systems, and examine the impacts on prices and carbon emissions. In the short run, a carbon tax in the range of $30 - $40 and a price elasticity of demand in the range of -0.1 to -0.2 could reduce carbon emissions in coal-intensive regions by 10% to 25%. With this same set of carbon prices, achieving a 50% reduction in emissions would require a price elasticity of demand in the range of -0.25 to -0.4. Percentage reductions of this magnitude in less carbon-intensive systems are unlikely, even with highly elastic demand and high carbon prices.
{"title":"Electricity Load and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Effects of a Carbon Price in the Short Term","authors":"Adam Newcomer, S. Blumsack, J. Apt, L. Lave, M. G. Morgan","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.139","url":null,"abstract":"Stabilizing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels at acceptable levels will require a dramatic de-carbonization of the electric generation sector in the U.S. One increasingly discussed way to meet this policy goal is to put an explicit price on carbon emissions, either through a tax or a trading scheme. Increasing demand response has also been discussed as a way to reduce carbon emissions in the U.S. electricity industry. We examine the short-run effectiveness of a policy combining demand response with a carbon tax. Using plant-level operational data, we construct short-run cost curves for three U.S. regional electric systems, and examine the impacts on prices and carbon emissions. In the short run, a carbon tax in the range of $30 - $40 and a price elasticity of demand in the range of -0.1 to -0.2 could reduce carbon emissions in coal-intensive regions by 10% to 25%. With this same set of carbon prices, achieving a 50% reduction in emissions would require a price elasticity of demand in the range of -0.25 to -0.4. Percentage reductions of this magnitude in less carbon-intensive systems are unlikely, even with highly elastic demand and high carbon prices.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129204961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most existing studies of Web site characteristics and their impact on intentions have assumed a linear relationship between them. However, motivational theories suggest that while some characteristics have linear effects, others will act as either hygiene factors or motivator factors and have non-linear effects. Drawing on motivational theory and WebQual constructs, this study looks at different methods of testing for hygiene and motivator factors and proposes a different technique that could clarify misleading results. Linear regression, quadratic regression, and piecewise regression are used in the study. The results show the hygiene effect of trust and suggest that piecewise linear regression may be superior to quadratic regression in this context.
{"title":"An Exploration of the Hygiene and Motivator Aspects of WebQual Constructs in Predicting Website Reuse","authors":"Ben Q. Liu, D. Goodhue","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.54","url":null,"abstract":"Most existing studies of Web site characteristics and their impact on intentions have assumed a linear relationship between them. However, motivational theories suggest that while some characteristics have linear effects, others will act as either hygiene factors or motivator factors and have non-linear effects. Drawing on motivational theory and WebQual constructs, this study looks at different methods of testing for hygiene and motivator factors and proposes a different technique that could clarify misleading results. Linear regression, quadratic regression, and piecewise regression are used in the study. The results show the hygiene effect of trust and suggest that piecewise linear regression may be superior to quadratic regression in this context.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131398624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper expands theoretical and empirical understanding of the interaction between formal boundary spanning mechanism (i.e. individuals formally nominated to span boundaries for knowledge sharing) and informal boundary spanning mechanism (i.e., informal seeking of information via social ties crossing boundaries) in a far-flung operation of a global company. Through a case study of engineering groups at a U.S. based manufacturing plant, we found that both formal and informal boundary spanning mechanisms had a positive effect on the ability of dispersed groups to identify and transfer remotely situated knowledge from other sites. However, we also found that the formal boundary spanning mechanism may have a suppressing effect on the informal boundary spanning mechanism when jointly pursued in certain circumstances. The findings call into question the implicit view of the boundary spanner and virtual team literatures that has largely portrayed the effects of both mechanisms on cross-boundary knowledge transfer as independent or complementary.
{"title":"Formal Boundary Spanning and Informal Boundary Spanning in Cross-Border Knowledge Sharing: A Case Study","authors":"Yongsuk Kim, S. Jarvenpaa","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.172","url":null,"abstract":"The paper expands theoretical and empirical understanding of the interaction between formal boundary spanning mechanism (i.e. individuals formally nominated to span boundaries for knowledge sharing) and informal boundary spanning mechanism (i.e., informal seeking of information via social ties crossing boundaries) in a far-flung operation of a global company. Through a case study of engineering groups at a U.S. based manufacturing plant, we found that both formal and informal boundary spanning mechanisms had a positive effect on the ability of dispersed groups to identify and transfer remotely situated knowledge from other sites. However, we also found that the formal boundary spanning mechanism may have a suppressing effect on the informal boundary spanning mechanism when jointly pursued in certain circumstances. The findings call into question the implicit view of the boundary spanner and virtual team literatures that has largely portrayed the effects of both mechanisms on cross-boundary knowledge transfer as independent or complementary.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132706821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased Internet traffic and the sophistication of companies in tracking that traffic have made privacy a critical issue in electronic commerce (e-commerce). This has spawned a number of research works addressing Internet privacy from the perspectives of three main stakeholders - customers, companies and governments, as well as the interactions among them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extant studies and develop an understanding of the relationships among them. Accordingly, we review the research on Internet privacy in e-commerce that has been conducted in the fields of information systems, business, and marketing. We develop a framework for classifying the studies, review key findings, and identify opportunities for future research.
{"title":"Internet Privacy in E-Commerce: Framework, Review, and Opportunities for Future Research","authors":"J. Boritz, W. No, R. Sundarraj","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.215","url":null,"abstract":"Increased Internet traffic and the sophistication of companies in tracking that traffic have made privacy a critical issue in electronic commerce (e-commerce). This has spawned a number of research works addressing Internet privacy from the perspectives of three main stakeholders - customers, companies and governments, as well as the interactions among them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extant studies and develop an understanding of the relationships among them. Accordingly, we review the research on Internet privacy in e-commerce that has been conducted in the fields of information systems, business, and marketing. We develop a framework for classifying the studies, review key findings, and identify opportunities for future research.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131763684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reports an investigation of the concepts of information privacy and trust in government in Japan, and compares the findings with an earlier study in New Zealand which used a similar instrument. Cultural and other factors are sought which might explain differences in attitudes shown in the two studies. The responses of Japanese citizens interviewed indicated that they had major concerns about information privacy, knew little about any protection offered in law, and had considerably less trust in government than New Zealand respondents showed. Cultural factors that might contribute to these differences, such as the difference between a collectivist versus a more individualistic culture were reflected in some of the respondents' explanations of their views.
{"title":"Citizens' Concerns about the Privacy of Personal Information Held by Government: A Comparative Study, Japan and New Zealand","authors":"R. Cullen","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.91","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports an investigation of the concepts of information privacy and trust in government in Japan, and compares the findings with an earlier study in New Zealand which used a similar instrument. Cultural and other factors are sought which might explain differences in attitudes shown in the two studies. The responses of Japanese citizens interviewed indicated that they had major concerns about information privacy, knew little about any protection offered in law, and had considerably less trust in government than New Zealand respondents showed. Cultural factors that might contribute to these differences, such as the difference between a collectivist versus a more individualistic culture were reflected in some of the respondents' explanations of their views.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kok, Z. Derzsi, J. Gordijn, M. Hommelberg, C. Warmer, R. Kamphuis, H. Akkermans
Distributed generation (DG) of electricity is providing an increasing part of the worldwide electricity supply. At the same time, there is a big potential of demand response resources. When - in a geographical area or in the contract portfolio of an energy trader - the number of these distributed energy resources (DER) increases, clustered control of DER by common ICT (information and communication technology) systems can add value. Due to the fine-grained and distributed nature of DER, the design of such a system needs to meet heavy requirements, e.g. regarding scalability and openness. Further, these systems need to balance multiple stakes in a multi-actor environment. Multiagent systems, especially those based on electronic markets have been identified as key technologies in this respect. This paper presents a multiperspective case study of the design, implementation and performance of such a system for the business case of imbalance reduction in commercial clusters of DER. The benefits of this approach are shown by field experimental results of a real-life DER cluster with an imbalance characteristic dominated by wind electricity production. The approach resulted in substantial imbalance reductions. Further, a thorough analysis of the networked business constellation is given, together with an indication how business modelling techniques can be used to assess the financial feasibility of the business idea.
{"title":"Agent-Based Electricity Balancing with Distributed Energy Resources, A Multiperspective Case Study","authors":"K. Kok, Z. Derzsi, J. Gordijn, M. Hommelberg, C. Warmer, R. Kamphuis, H. Akkermans","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.46","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generation (DG) of electricity is providing an increasing part of the worldwide electricity supply. At the same time, there is a big potential of demand response resources. When - in a geographical area or in the contract portfolio of an energy trader - the number of these distributed energy resources (DER) increases, clustered control of DER by common ICT (information and communication technology) systems can add value. Due to the fine-grained and distributed nature of DER, the design of such a system needs to meet heavy requirements, e.g. regarding scalability and openness. Further, these systems need to balance multiple stakes in a multi-actor environment. Multiagent systems, especially those based on electronic markets have been identified as key technologies in this respect. This paper presents a multiperspective case study of the design, implementation and performance of such a system for the business case of imbalance reduction in commercial clusters of DER. The benefits of this approach are shown by field experimental results of a real-life DER cluster with an imbalance characteristic dominated by wind electricity production. The approach resulted in substantial imbalance reductions. Further, a thorough analysis of the networked business constellation is given, together with an indication how business modelling techniques can be used to assess the financial feasibility of the business idea.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtual communities have become an important new organizational form and yet relatively little is known about the conditions which lead to their success. In an attempt to address this knowledge gap, a particular subset of virtual communities - open source software project communities - is investigated and four hypotheses are asserted which relate social network structure to community success. The hypotheses, which are based on social network theory and related research, suggest that success is supported by high levels of affiliation with other communities, moderate levels of density within the network of community conversations, moderate levels of density in the communications between peripheral members and core members, and low levels of density in the communications between administrators and the rest of the community. Empirical research is underway to test these hypotheses based on a sample of over 200 open source software project communities.
{"title":"Social Network Structure as a Critical Success Condition for Virtual Communities","authors":"David Hinds, Ronald M. Lee","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.404","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual communities have become an important new organizational form and yet relatively little is known about the conditions which lead to their success. In an attempt to address this knowledge gap, a particular subset of virtual communities - open source software project communities - is investigated and four hypotheses are asserted which relate social network structure to community success. The hypotheses, which are based on social network theory and related research, suggest that success is supported by high levels of affiliation with other communities, moderate levels of density within the network of community conversations, moderate levels of density in the communications between peripheral members and core members, and low levels of density in the communications between administrators and the rest of the community. Empirical research is underway to test these hypotheses based on a sample of over 200 open source software project communities.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The future of egovernment is very uncertain and requires to be approached by depicting different scenario in which a wide range of contextual factors, such as social, cultural, institutional and economic should be described. The scenarios in this paper are focused on 2020 and situated along two scenario-axes which form the framework in which the scenario-stories have been placed: (1) cultural diversity and (2) citizen involvement. The scenario-axes point to the extremes of a (possible) future trend or development. These two scenario-axes are chosen by experts, who have weighed and assessed both uncertainty and expected impact for egovernment of several factors. When combining the extreme manifestations of the two chosen factors (cultural homogeneity versus cultural heterogeneity and low versus high involvement of citizens) four explorations of government models in 2020 emerge: 'Our Europe', 'We the Market', My Community' and Me, myself and I'.
{"title":"The Futures of EU-Based eGovernment: A Scenario-Based Exploration","authors":"P. Duin, N. Huijboom","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.438","url":null,"abstract":"The future of egovernment is very uncertain and requires to be approached by depicting different scenario in which a wide range of contextual factors, such as social, cultural, institutional and economic should be described. The scenarios in this paper are focused on 2020 and situated along two scenario-axes which form the framework in which the scenario-stories have been placed: (1) cultural diversity and (2) citizen involvement. The scenario-axes point to the extremes of a (possible) future trend or development. These two scenario-axes are chosen by experts, who have weighed and assessed both uncertainty and expected impact for egovernment of several factors. When combining the extreme manifestations of the two chosen factors (cultural homogeneity versus cultural heterogeneity and low versus high involvement of citizens) four explorations of government models in 2020 emerge: 'Our Europe', 'We the Market', My Community' and Me, myself and I'.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124058490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eGovernment services are often grouped to so called life events in order to make it easier for citizens to identify relevant information and services in a specific situation. Examples for life events are: moving to another community or the birth of a child. Similar groups can be found for business contacts to government (B2G). In this article the authors focus on B2G contacts. The authors show that some B2G contacts can be seen as value webs consisting of more than only two actors. The findings presented by the authors suggest that eGovernment design should be based on requirements and needs of all actors participating in such an eGovernment value web. The article presents an approach to requirements elicitation based on characteristic features of B2G contacts.
{"title":"Needs Driven Design for eGovernment Value Webs","authors":"Petra Wolf, H. Krcmar","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.327","url":null,"abstract":"eGovernment services are often grouped to so called life events in order to make it easier for citizens to identify relevant information and services in a specific situation. Examples for life events are: moving to another community or the birth of a child. Similar groups can be found for business contacts to government (B2G). In this article the authors focus on B2G contacts. The authors show that some B2G contacts can be seen as value webs consisting of more than only two actors. The findings presented by the authors suggest that eGovernment design should be based on requirements and needs of all actors participating in such an eGovernment value web. The article presents an approach to requirements elicitation based on characteristic features of B2G contacts.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128964387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research studied online risk perceptions under the well known psychometric paradigm. We developed a taxonomy of risks appropriate for e-commerce along with variables to characterize risks and understand risk perceptions. A pilot study with 153 subjects was used to collect data on which factor analysis was conducted to identify online risk dimensions and produce a factor space diagram. This diagram represents a "cognitive map" of people's online risk perceptions and attitudes. Results suggested that subjects distinguish risks using four dimensions: direness of consequences, ability to control or avoid risks, observability/immediacy of risk consequences, and unfamiliarity of risks. A larger study is underway based on the results of the pilot study. The findings of this research study help researchers to understand and predict people's reaction to risks posed by online hazards. In addition, this study attempted to transfer a proven and popular methodology of risk perception research, the psychometric paradigm, to a new domain, e-commerce. Moreover, this study added empirical data regarding online risk perceptions to the existing body of the relevant academic research.
{"title":"A Cognitive Map of People's Online Risk Perceptions and Attitudes: An Empirical Study","authors":"Isaac J. Gabriel, Easwar A. Nyshadham","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2008.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.6","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied online risk perceptions under the well known psychometric paradigm. We developed a taxonomy of risks appropriate for e-commerce along with variables to characterize risks and understand risk perceptions. A pilot study with 153 subjects was used to collect data on which factor analysis was conducted to identify online risk dimensions and produce a factor space diagram. This diagram represents a \"cognitive map\" of people's online risk perceptions and attitudes. Results suggested that subjects distinguish risks using four dimensions: direness of consequences, ability to control or avoid risks, observability/immediacy of risk consequences, and unfamiliarity of risks. A larger study is underway based on the results of the pilot study. The findings of this research study help researchers to understand and predict people's reaction to risks posed by online hazards. In addition, this study attempted to transfer a proven and popular methodology of risk perception research, the psychometric paradigm, to a new domain, e-commerce. Moreover, this study added empirical data regarding online risk perceptions to the existing body of the relevant academic research.","PeriodicalId":328874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129305224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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