Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.05
V. Zhdan, V. Dvornyk, D. Avetikov, O. Bieliaieva
The paper examines the phenomenon of academic ratings and a brief history of their emergence. The authors provide a generalized description of the most influential ratings. The views of supporters and opponents of academic ratings have been analyzed. It has been shown that under conditions of globalization processes in education, academic ratings are considered by a number of scientists as one of the tools intended for measuring the competitiveness of educational institutions, forming a strategy for further development of universities and their transformation. Given the fact that the issue of the methodology of academic ratings and the logic of their use remains debatable, the arguments from the opponents of the rating have been analyzed. In particular, the opinion is expressed that the main indicators that affect the place in most of the currently existing ratings are relevant for research universities that have extremely powerful sources of funding, which determines their competitiveness and consistently high rating positions. In this regard, the ratings from a tool for measuring the quality of education have partly turned into an economic and political tool with a "perceptible geopolitical flavor", which is unlikely to lead to a significant improvement in the quality of education. Attention is focused on the fact that the currently existing rating methodology can be appropriate only for world-class universities, which make up 3 – 5% of the total number of higher education institutions in different countries globally. In the conclusions, the authors point out that the ratings, despite their debatable nature, have become both an integral part of the management culture and the global information space, as well as a driver of positive changes in the educational environment of universities.
{"title":"ACADEMIC RATINGS – A MIRROR IMAGE OF GLOBALIZATION IN EDUCATION","authors":"V. Zhdan, V. Dvornyk, D. Avetikov, O. Bieliaieva","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the phenomenon of academic ratings and a brief history of their emergence. The authors provide a generalized description of the most influential ratings. The views of supporters and opponents of academic ratings have been analyzed. It has been shown that under conditions of globalization processes in education, academic ratings are considered by a number of scientists as one of the tools intended for measuring the competitiveness of educational institutions, forming a strategy for further development of universities and their transformation. Given the fact that the issue of the methodology of academic ratings and the logic of their use remains debatable, the arguments from the opponents of the rating have been analyzed. In particular, the opinion is expressed that the main indicators that affect the place in most of the currently existing ratings are relevant for research universities that have extremely powerful sources of funding, which determines their competitiveness and consistently high rating positions. In this regard, the ratings from a tool for measuring the quality of education have partly turned into an economic and political tool with a \"perceptible geopolitical flavor\", which is unlikely to lead to a significant improvement in the quality of education. Attention is focused on the fact that the currently existing rating methodology can be appropriate only for world-class universities, which make up 3 – 5% of the total number of higher education institutions in different countries globally. In the conclusions, the authors point out that the ratings, despite their debatable nature, have become both an integral part of the management culture and the global information space, as well as a driver of positive changes in the educational environment of universities.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48852033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.08
T. Mamontova
The involvement of students in scientific activities while studying at medical universities contributes to the formation of an academic position, and lays the foundations of evidence-based medicine for further implementation in future professional activities. However, attempts to involve students in research during education encounter difficulties, namely the lack of possibility of its implementation for all students at the same time, especially at the initial stages of medical education. Therefore, the development of ways to activate students for full-scale participation and obtaining scientific experience is a promising direction of higher medical education. We have offered five tips for organizing scientific research. First, give students the opportunity to gain hands-on experience by involving them in every step. Active participation will improve mastery of knowledge, skills, and support interest in the project. Second, form small student groups for involvement in the project for efficient data collection. Common research activity involves the cooperation of each person in a team, building dialogue and helping the creation of ideas, effective implementation of personal knowledge, creativity, the logic of thinking, and social skills. Third, invite "inspiring" researchers to the role of supervisor. Effective mentoring is key to a successful student research experience. Fourth, build community and encourage discussion within the group. The formation of socio-emotional ties with students as researchers of your team, and regular meetings will allow you to fully gain experience and get information about all aspects of the scientific project. Fifth, encourage and guide students to disseminate the results of their own research by supporting them in writing professional scientific papers and oral presentations. The combined efforts of teachers and students will contribute to obtaining a real individual authentic research experience and strengthening students' motivation for science, which is the first step to choosing an academic medical career in the future, and thus lays the foundations for the progressive development of national science.
{"title":"FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AMONG STUDENTS IN SMALL GROUPS","authors":"T. Mamontova","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.08","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of students in scientific activities while studying at medical universities contributes to the formation of an academic position, and lays the foundations of evidence-based medicine for further implementation in future professional activities. However, attempts to involve students in research during education encounter difficulties, namely the lack of possibility of its implementation for all students at the same time, especially at the initial stages of medical education. Therefore, the development of ways to activate students for full-scale participation and obtaining scientific experience is a promising direction of higher medical education. We have offered five tips for organizing scientific research. First, give students the opportunity to gain hands-on experience by involving them in every step. Active participation will improve mastery of knowledge, skills, and support interest in the project. Second, form small student groups for involvement in the project for efficient data collection. Common research activity involves the cooperation of each person in a team, building dialogue and helping the creation of ideas, effective implementation of personal knowledge, creativity, the logic of thinking, and social skills. Third, invite \"inspiring\" researchers to the role of supervisor. Effective mentoring is key to a successful student research experience. Fourth, build community and encourage discussion within the group. The formation of socio-emotional ties with students as researchers of your team, and regular meetings will allow you to fully gain experience and get information about all aspects of the scientific project. Fifth, encourage and guide students to disseminate the results of their own research by supporting them in writing professional scientific papers and oral presentations. The combined efforts of teachers and students will contribute to obtaining a real individual authentic research experience and strengthening students' motivation for science, which is the first step to choosing an academic medical career in the future, and thus lays the foundations for the progressive development of national science.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.07
Y. Lysanets, O. Bieliaieva, H. Morokhovets
The article examines the methodological potential of video materials from the TED Talks resource (Technology Entertainment Design) in the context of teaching English for Professional Purposes and Academic English at medical higher education institutions. The TED Talks video materials cover not only topical issues of natural sciences but also modern problems of education, culture, history, business, sustainable development, etc., therefore, they can contribute to the development of both hard and soft skills of undergraduate and Ph.D. students majoring in Health Care and Biology. Short TED talks delivered by experts from various spheres can be used to develop public speaking skills, analytical listening, rhetorical text analysis, etc. The paper presents several linguodidactic mechanisms aimed at the development, practice, and systematization of the above skills to optimize students’ mastering of grammatical constructions and lexical material. The methodological algorithm is represented by receptive, reproductive, and productive types of exercises and can be used to improve communicative competence and English language proficiency, to organize the classroom and extracurricular activities, as well as a distance learning mode. The research may be of interest to teachers of English at medical universities, as well as specialists from other fields, in the process of planning training sessions and developing educational and methodological materials.
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF «TED TALKS» VIDEO MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","authors":"Y. Lysanets, O. Bieliaieva, H. Morokhovets","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the methodological potential of video materials from the TED Talks resource (Technology Entertainment Design) in the context of teaching English for Professional Purposes and Academic English at medical higher education institutions. The TED Talks video materials cover not only topical issues of natural sciences but also modern problems of education, culture, history, business, sustainable development, etc., therefore, they can contribute to the development of both hard and soft skills of undergraduate and Ph.D. students majoring in Health Care and Biology. Short TED talks delivered by experts from various spheres can be used to develop public speaking skills, analytical listening, rhetorical text analysis, etc. The paper presents several linguodidactic mechanisms aimed at the development, practice, and systematization of the above skills to optimize students’ mastering of grammatical constructions and lexical material. The methodological algorithm is represented by receptive, reproductive, and productive types of exercises and can be used to improve communicative competence and English language proficiency, to organize the classroom and extracurricular activities, as well as a distance learning mode. The research may be of interest to teachers of English at medical universities, as well as specialists from other fields, in the process of planning training sessions and developing educational and methodological materials.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45086084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.10
Ya. P. Nahirniy
Wound healing is one of the most common and complex processes, which includes five phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. Each stage of wound healing requires the complex synchronization and regulation of multiple cell populations. Violation of the link of any of these processes can lead to the appearance of complications and increase the likelihood of the formation of pathological scars. To study the research materials, we used the bibliosemantic and analytical method, with the help of which we processed the literary data, as well as the materials of clinical studies, which were posted on the Internet. There are many conservative methods of prevention of the pathological scars formation in the area of head and neck, one of the main links is occupied by ointments with different components. Thus, a clinical study by Marquardt Y showed that the local application of dexpanthenol in the form of an ointment contributes to better healing of superficial and postoperative wounds. According to foreign scientists, silicone products, both in the form of sheets and gel, are considered to be the first line in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Goutos I., suggested the use of corticosteroid tape, which is a painless alternative to corticosteroid injections. Japanese scientists Ogawa R and co-authors note the good clinical experience and results of using corticosteroid tape and patch. Recent research by Powell HM., 2022 on the use of pressure therapy for lacerations has shown that tension relief is a powerful strategy to prevent scar formation in the head and neck area. Ud-Din S et al., proposed photodynamic therapy, which has a good evidence base for the effectiveness of this method. Over the past decade, many high-quality studies have been conducted, increasing the level of evidence base for many prevention or treatment regimens. The article reflects modern methods of conservative prevention, however, taking into account ethnic differences, predisposition to pathological scars, algorithms for prevention and treatment should be refined and optimized.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF CONSERVATIVE METHODS OF PREVENTION OF PATHOLOGICAL SCARING OF THE HEAD AND NECK","authors":"Ya. P. Nahirniy","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.10","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is one of the most common and complex processes, which includes five phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. Each stage of wound healing requires the complex synchronization and regulation of multiple cell populations. Violation of the link of any of these processes can lead to the appearance of complications and increase the likelihood of the formation of pathological scars. To study the research materials, we used the bibliosemantic and analytical method, with the help of which we processed the literary data, as well as the materials of clinical studies, which were posted on the Internet. There are many conservative methods of prevention of the pathological scars formation in the area of head and neck, one of the main links is occupied by ointments with different components. Thus, a clinical study by Marquardt Y showed that the local application of dexpanthenol in the form of an ointment contributes to better healing of superficial and postoperative wounds. According to foreign scientists, silicone products, both in the form of sheets and gel, are considered to be the first line in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Goutos I., suggested the use of corticosteroid tape, which is a painless alternative to corticosteroid injections. Japanese scientists Ogawa R and co-authors note the good clinical experience and results of using corticosteroid tape and patch. Recent research by Powell HM., 2022 on the use of pressure therapy for lacerations has shown that tension relief is a powerful strategy to prevent scar formation in the head and neck area. Ud-Din S et al., proposed photodynamic therapy, which has a good evidence base for the effectiveness of this method. Over the past decade, many high-quality studies have been conducted, increasing the level of evidence base for many prevention or treatment regimens. The article reflects modern methods of conservative prevention, however, taking into account ethnic differences, predisposition to pathological scars, algorithms for prevention and treatment should be refined and optimized.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47271524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.06
О. Bieliaieva, Т. Skrypnikova, Т. Khmil
The article analyzes the views of Ukrainian and foreign researchers on interactive learning. The main interactive technologies common in educational practice are briefly characterized. The conclusions state that the widest possible use of interactive technologies in the educational process at medical universities is a necessary condition for the training of competitive specialists in the field of health care at the undergraduate and postgraduate stages, as well as in the process of further continuous professional development of doctors. A defining feature of interactive learning is creative, constant and effective communication between the subjects of the educational process and the presence of constructive feedback between them. The main advantages of interactive learning are the ability to: level the contradiction between motivation and stimulation in the learning process, static and dynamic learning; form the future doctors' awareness of the importance and value of various types of communication; simulate professional situations, solving which students can demonstrate the acquired knowledge, abilities and skills in a relaxed and psychologically comfortable atmosphere, which encourages them to actively participate in all stages of an interactive class; solve real cases from medical / dental practice; implement formative assessment; regulate inter-subject relationships in the educational process; develop clinical thinking, the ability to substantiate one's own opinion and the ability to defend one's own position, critically evaluate adopted and propose alternative solutions, teamwork skills, communicative culture, positive motivation, and self-confidence.
{"title":"INTERACTIVE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR TRAINING A COMPETITIVE SPECIALIST","authors":"О. Bieliaieva, Т. Skrypnikova, Т. Khmil","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the views of Ukrainian and foreign researchers on interactive learning. The main interactive technologies common in educational practice are briefly characterized. The conclusions state that the widest possible use of interactive technologies in the educational process at medical universities is a necessary condition for the training of competitive specialists in the field of health care at the undergraduate and postgraduate stages, as well as in the process of further continuous professional development of doctors. A defining feature of interactive learning is creative, constant and effective communication between the subjects of the educational process and the presence of constructive feedback between them. The main advantages of interactive learning are the ability to: level the contradiction between motivation and stimulation in the learning process, static and dynamic learning; form the future doctors' awareness of the importance and value of various types of communication; simulate professional situations, solving which students can demonstrate the acquired knowledge, abilities and skills in a relaxed and psychologically comfortable atmosphere, which encourages them to actively participate in all stages of an interactive class; solve real cases from medical / dental practice; implement formative assessment; regulate inter-subject relationships in the educational process; develop clinical thinking, the ability to substantiate one's own opinion and the ability to defend one's own position, critically evaluate adopted and propose alternative solutions, teamwork skills, communicative culture, positive motivation, and self-confidence.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.04
Марія Олексіївна Фаустова, О.А. Назарчук, Галина Андріївна Лобань, Юрій Чумак, Майя Миколаївна Ананьєва, Валерій Володимирович Бондаренко
Kocuria spp., possessing a powerful arsenal of pathogenicity factors, can cause severe septic conditions in humans under immunodepression. Therefore, it is important to determine the sensitivity of medically important Kocuria spp. to antibiotics. The aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the sensitivity of clinical isolates of Kocuria spp. to antibiotics. During 2019-2022, 33 clinical isolates of Kocuria spp. were isolated from patients with odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the face. Cultivation for the final identification of microorganisms was carried out according to the standard method. Determining the sensitivity of selected representatives of genus Kocuria to antibiotics was conducted using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) according to EUCAST recommendations (v.12.0; 2022). In order to determine the groups of antibiotics to which Kocuria spp. maintain sensitivity, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method. Statistical analysis was performed using standard software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Among penicillins, representatives of this genus had the highest sensitivity to benzylpenicillin. The sensitivity of Kocuria isolates to cefotaxime and ceftazidime did not differ and was 51.5%. Representatives of genus Kocuria were highly sensitive to meropenem and vancomycin. As a result of research, Kocuria spp. was found to be moderately sensitive to gentamicin. Based on the cluster analysis of antibacterial drugs, according to the sensitivity of isolates of Kocuria spp. to them during 2019-2022, meropenem, benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin with sensitivity higher than 50.0% were combined. Clinical isolates of Kocuria spp., isolated from patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the face, showed variable sensitivity to all groups of antibacterial drugs during 2019-2022. Representatives of the genus Kocuria show the highest sensitivity to vancomycin. Today, clinical isolates of Kocuria spp. remain sensitive to meropenem, benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.
{"title":"RETROSPECTIVE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF KOCURIA SPP. TO ANTIBIOTICS","authors":"Марія Олексіївна Фаустова, О.А. Назарчук, Галина Андріївна Лобань, Юрій Чумак, Майя Миколаївна Ананьєва, Валерій Володимирович Бондаренко","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.04","url":null,"abstract":"Kocuria spp., possessing a powerful arsenal of pathogenicity factors, can cause severe septic conditions in humans under immunodepression. Therefore, it is important to determine the sensitivity of medically important Kocuria spp. to antibiotics. The aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the sensitivity of clinical isolates of Kocuria spp. to antibiotics. During 2019-2022, 33 clinical isolates of Kocuria spp. were isolated from patients with odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the face. Cultivation for the final identification of microorganisms was carried out according to the standard method. Determining the sensitivity of selected representatives of genus Kocuria to antibiotics was conducted using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) according to EUCAST recommendations (v.12.0; 2022). In order to determine the groups of antibiotics to which Kocuria spp. maintain sensitivity, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method. Statistical analysis was performed using standard software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Among penicillins, representatives of this genus had the highest sensitivity to benzylpenicillin. The sensitivity of Kocuria isolates to cefotaxime and ceftazidime did not differ and was 51.5%. Representatives of genus Kocuria were highly sensitive to meropenem and vancomycin. As a result of research, Kocuria spp. was found to be moderately sensitive to gentamicin. Based on the cluster analysis of antibacterial drugs, according to the sensitivity of isolates of Kocuria spp. to them during 2019-2022, meropenem, benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin with sensitivity higher than 50.0% were combined. Clinical isolates of Kocuria spp., isolated from patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the face, showed variable sensitivity to all groups of antibacterial drugs during 2019-2022. Representatives of the genus Kocuria show the highest sensitivity to vancomycin. Today, clinical isolates of Kocuria spp. remain sensitive to meropenem, benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.09
R. Lutsenko
Anxiety disorders are widespread in the world and Ukraine, and their frequency is constantly growing. In the brain, the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and associated areas of these structures are responsible for the development of anxiety pathology. It has been shown that a wide variety of serotonergic structures of the brain are involved in the formation and progression of anxiety pathology. At the same time, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the main drugs in the treatment of these conditions, although they have not been confirmed to enhance or weaken serotonergic transmission. Disorders of the noradrenergic system constitute another leading link in the pathogenesis of neuroses, which is confirmed by the effectiveness of drugs that reduce the activity of the corresponding structures in the central nervous system. In neuroses, the sensitivity of central adrenergic receptors changes, and the relationship with the serotonergic neurotransmitter system is discussed. The dopaminergic system of the brain makes a certain contribution to the pathogenesis of neurotic disorders. Such disorders of this system, changes in the content of the dopamine mediator, and the sensitivity of D-receptors can provoke generalized anxiety states and other diseases. The possibility of adverse reactions, in particular social phobias, after the administration of D-receptor blockers is also discussed. It has been shown that metabolism of monoaminergic mediators is disrupted during anxiety. Therefore, the leading role in the development and progression of anxiety pathology belongs to the imbalance of the serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems of the central nervous system.
{"title":"CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF THE MONOAMINERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM IN ANXIOGENESIS","authors":"R. Lutsenko","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.5-6.09","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders are widespread in the world and Ukraine, and their frequency is constantly growing. In the brain, the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and associated areas of these structures are responsible for the development of anxiety pathology. It has been shown that a wide variety of serotonergic structures of the brain are involved in the formation and progression of anxiety pathology. At the same time, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the main drugs in the treatment of these conditions, although they have not been confirmed to enhance or weaken serotonergic transmission. Disorders of the noradrenergic system constitute another leading link in the pathogenesis of neuroses, which is confirmed by the effectiveness of drugs that reduce the activity of the corresponding structures in the central nervous system. In neuroses, the sensitivity of central adrenergic receptors changes, and the relationship with the serotonergic neurotransmitter system is discussed. The dopaminergic system of the brain makes a certain contribution to the pathogenesis of neurotic disorders. Such disorders of this system, changes in the content of the dopamine mediator, and the sensitivity of D-receptors can provoke generalized anxiety states and other diseases. The possibility of adverse reactions, in particular social phobias, after the administration of D-receptor blockers is also discussed. It has been shown that metabolism of monoaminergic mediators is disrupted during anxiety. Therefore, the leading role in the development and progression of anxiety pathology belongs to the imbalance of the serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems of the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43804181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.04
M. Shevchuk, M. Dudchenko, M. Kravtsiv, D. Ivashchenko, R. A. Prykhidko, S. M. Zaiets
We conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of the examination and treatment of 89 patients with cancer of the hepato-pancreato-duodenal zone complicated by mechanical jaundice. Cancer of the head of the pancreas was found in 69 patients, cancer of the major duodenal papilla was detected in 10 patients, cancer of the extrahepatic bile ducts – in 9 patients, and cancer of the duodenum – in 1 case. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of jaundice. Operative treatment was performed in 86 patients. Of them, 13 were operated on at the height of jaundice, and 73 – after previous minimally invasive decompression of the biliary system. Postoperative complications were observed in 17 (19.1%) patients, 12 (16.4%) of whom were operated on at the height of jaundice, and 5 (6.8%) – after previous biliary decompression (second-stage operations). In 6 patients with severe jaundice who were operated on at the height of jaundice, complications occurred even after minor palliative operations. Thus, in the presence of severe jaundice with bilirubin level > 200 μmol/l, radical and palliative operations should be performed only in two stages, after preliminary decompression of the bile ducts. Decompression of the bile ducts allows the reduction of the preoperative period by 2–3 weeks.
{"title":"FEATURES OF DECOMPRESSION OF THE BILIARY TRACT IN PATIENTS WITH OBTURATION OF THE DISTAL PART OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT OF TUMOR ORIGIN","authors":"M. Shevchuk, M. Dudchenko, M. Kravtsiv, D. Ivashchenko, R. A. Prykhidko, S. M. Zaiets","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.04","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of the examination and treatment of 89 patients with cancer of the hepato-pancreato-duodenal zone complicated by mechanical jaundice. Cancer of the head of the pancreas was found in 69 patients, cancer of the major duodenal papilla was detected in 10 patients, cancer of the extrahepatic bile ducts – in 9 patients, and cancer of the duodenum – in 1 case. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of jaundice. Operative treatment was performed in 86 patients. Of them, 13 were operated on at the height of jaundice, and 73 – after previous minimally invasive decompression of the biliary system. Postoperative complications were observed in 17 (19.1%) patients, 12 (16.4%) of whom were operated on at the height of jaundice, and 5 (6.8%) – after previous biliary decompression (second-stage operations). In 6 patients with severe jaundice who were operated on at the height of jaundice, complications occurred even after minor palliative operations. Thus, in the presence of severe jaundice with bilirubin level > 200 μmol/l, radical and palliative operations should be performed only in two stages, after preliminary decompression of the bile ducts. Decompression of the bile ducts allows the reduction of the preoperative period by 2–3 weeks.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.03
O. Ryabukha
The considerable spread of dietary iodine deficiency and the medical and social significance of the pathology caused by it justifies the use of mathematical methods to study the specific activity of follicular thyrocytes when correcting the manifestations of hypothyroidism with iodine of different chemical nature. The aim of this research was to examine the features of the relationship between the energy direction ultrastructures of follicular thyrocytes when taking a low dose of organic and inorganic iodine under the conditions of dietary iodine deficiency. The study was conducted on the thyroid glands of 40 white nonlinear male rats with an initial body weight of 140-160 g using electron microscopy, linguistic description of electronograms, the method of semi-quantitative analysis of electronograms, the method of specifying the profiles of special capabilities of hormone-poietic cells, and correlation analysis. On the basis of designing the correlation portraits, the interpretation of the results from the standpoint of cytophysiology was carried out. Analysis of correlation portraits of the energy capability profile of follicular thyrocytes showed that low iodine intake of both drugs reduced the functional stress caused by iodine deficiency. This was indicated by changes in mitochondria: an increase in their number and ribosomes on their cristae, a decrease in degenerative changes, granular structure of the matrix, restoration of topographic connection with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Normal iodine intake was characterized by very high (r=1.000) connections between the moderate number of mitochondria with their well-defined cristae and between the granular structure of the mitochondrial matrix with no degenerative changes in the mitochondria. When consuming inorganic iodine for the energy supply of follicular thyrocytes at a level sufficient for their activity, a very high (r=1.000) connection of round shape mitochondria with the existing topographic connection of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus was indicated and high (r=0.881) association of moderate numbers of mitochondria with medium size mitochondria. Nevertheless, in a certain part of thyrocytes, such signs of functional stress as degenerative changes in mitochondria and their cristae, disturbance of topographic interaction of mitochondria with rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus remained. The studies have established a multilevel adaptation of follicular thyrocytes to function in adverse conditions while enriching the diet with a low dose of iodine increases their energy capability. Organic iodine consumed in low doses, more than inorganic iodine increases the energy supply of follicular thyrocytes’ specific activity.
{"title":"FEATURES OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ULTRASTRUCTURES OF THE ENERGY CAPABILITY PROFILE OF FOLLICULAR THYROCYTES IN THE CORRECTION OF ALIMENTARY IODINE DEFICIENCY WITH A LOW DOSE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC IODINE","authors":"O. Ryabukha","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The considerable spread of dietary iodine deficiency and the medical and social significance of the pathology caused by it justifies the use of mathematical methods to study the specific activity of follicular thyrocytes when correcting the manifestations of hypothyroidism with iodine of different chemical nature. The aim of this research was to examine the features of the relationship between the energy direction ultrastructures of follicular thyrocytes when taking a low dose of organic and inorganic iodine under the conditions of dietary iodine deficiency. The study was conducted on the thyroid glands of 40 white nonlinear male rats with an initial body weight of 140-160 g using electron microscopy, linguistic description of electronograms, the method of semi-quantitative analysis of electronograms, the method of specifying the profiles of special capabilities of hormone-poietic cells, and correlation analysis. On the basis of designing the correlation portraits, the interpretation of the results from the standpoint of cytophysiology was carried out. Analysis of correlation portraits of the energy capability profile of follicular thyrocytes showed that low iodine intake of both drugs reduced the functional stress caused by iodine deficiency. This was indicated by changes in mitochondria: an increase in their number and ribosomes on their cristae, a decrease in degenerative changes, granular structure of the matrix, restoration of topographic connection with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Normal iodine intake was characterized by very high (r=1.000) connections between the moderate number of mitochondria with their well-defined cristae and between the granular structure of the mitochondrial matrix with no degenerative changes in the mitochondria. When consuming inorganic iodine for the energy supply of follicular thyrocytes at a level sufficient for their activity, a very high (r=1.000) connection of round shape mitochondria with the existing topographic connection of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus was indicated and high (r=0.881) association of moderate numbers of mitochondria with medium size mitochondria. Nevertheless, in a certain part of thyrocytes, such signs of functional stress as degenerative changes in mitochondria and their cristae, disturbance of topographic interaction of mitochondria with rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus remained. The studies have established a multilevel adaptation of follicular thyrocytes to function in adverse conditions while enriching the diet with a low dose of iodine increases their energy capability. Organic iodine consumed in low doses, more than inorganic iodine increases the energy supply of follicular thyrocytes’ specific activity. \u0000","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.06
V. I. Lyakhovskyi, M. Dudchenko, T. V. Horodova-Andrieieva, A. V. Sydorenko, P. V. Savchuk
Among the complications of Meckel's diverticulum, which are rare, it is necessary to note Littre's hernia – the strangulation in the external abdominal hernia and its location in the hernia’s sac. Meckel's diverticulum is a protrusion of the wall of the ileum, which is formed as a result of incomplete obliteration of the bile duct, which is involved in embryotrophy. It occurs most often in inguinal and femoral hernias. This pathology is rarely observed in clinical practice, therefore, we present the clinical case of Littre's hernia. The aim of this research is to describe the features of the clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of Littre's hernia, as well as to draw attention to the existence of such a disease. Clinical case. Patient V., born in 1960, was urgently admitted to the surgical department on January 19, 2022, with a diagnosis of “Strangulation of the left inguinal hernia”. On admission, he complained of acute pain in the protrusive area of the left inguinal zone. From the anamnesis: he had felt acute symptoms about two hours before admission. He had been noticing a bulge in the left inguinal area for 20 years. The patient was examined at the department and urgently operated on under spinal anesthesia. We conducted the resection of Meckel's diverticulum with allohernioplasty by Lichtenstein on the left. Postoperative diagnosis: strangulated left-sided inguinal hernia with strangulation of Meckel's diverticulum of the small intestine (Littre's hernia). The course of the postoperative period was uneventful. He was discharged from the hospital on the 7th day in satisfactory condition. At the time of discharge, the postoperative wound healed with primary tension. The patient was examined after 2 months: there were complaints of minor pain in the area of the postoperative wound during physical activity. The postoperative scar is in satisfactory condition. Thus, Littre's hernia is a rare surgical disease and is subject to urgent surgical treatment. At the same time, the scope of surgical treatment is determined during the operation and assessment of the condition of the intestine and diverticulum.
{"title":"THE FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LITTRE'S HERNIA","authors":"V. I. Lyakhovskyi, M. Dudchenko, T. V. Horodova-Andrieieva, A. V. Sydorenko, P. V. Savchuk","doi":"10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.06","url":null,"abstract":"Among the complications of Meckel's diverticulum, which are rare, it is necessary to note Littre's hernia – the strangulation in the external abdominal hernia and its location in the hernia’s sac. Meckel's diverticulum is a protrusion of the wall of the ileum, which is formed as a result of incomplete obliteration of the bile duct, which is involved in embryotrophy. It occurs most often in inguinal and femoral hernias. This pathology is rarely observed in clinical practice, therefore, we present the clinical case of Littre's hernia. The aim of this research is to describe the features of the clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of Littre's hernia, as well as to draw attention to the existence of such a disease. Clinical case. Patient V., born in 1960, was urgently admitted to the surgical department on January 19, 2022, with a diagnosis of “Strangulation of the left inguinal hernia”. On admission, he complained of acute pain in the protrusive area of the left inguinal zone. From the anamnesis: he had felt acute symptoms about two hours before admission. He had been noticing a bulge in the left inguinal area for 20 years. The patient was examined at the department and urgently operated on under spinal anesthesia. We conducted the resection of Meckel's diverticulum with allohernioplasty by Lichtenstein on the left. Postoperative diagnosis: strangulated left-sided inguinal hernia with strangulation of Meckel's diverticulum of the small intestine (Littre's hernia). The course of the postoperative period was uneventful. He was discharged from the hospital on the 7th day in satisfactory condition. At the time of discharge, the postoperative wound healed with primary tension. The patient was examined after 2 months: there were complaints of minor pain in the area of the postoperative wound during physical activity. The postoperative scar is in satisfactory condition. Thus, Littre's hernia is a rare surgical disease and is subject to urgent surgical treatment. At the same time, the scope of surgical treatment is determined during the operation and assessment of the condition of the intestine and diverticulum.","PeriodicalId":32911,"journal":{"name":"Problemi ekologiyi ta meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49057158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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