Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897358
Lau Yee Fan
67 GHz microwave coaxial connector or known as the 1.85-mm connector is developed for mode-free performance up to 67 GHz. It consists of a few precise machined connector parts stacked up against glass metal seal (GMS), which is soldered down to microcircuit housing body. Possibility of reworking damaged GMS is limited by reliability concerns on the brittle solder-gold IMC layers, resulting in high disposal .This paper details the challenges of designing a new 1.85 mm microwave sparkplug coaxial connector, as an alternative replacement for existing non-reworkable connector. New sparkplug connector features, design considerations, material selections, electromagnetic simulation studies and RF measurement verifications will be discussed in this paper.
{"title":"67 GHz microwave sparkplug coaxial connector development","authors":"Lau Yee Fan","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897358","url":null,"abstract":"67 GHz microwave coaxial connector or known as the 1.85-mm connector is developed for mode-free performance up to 67 GHz. It consists of a few precise machined connector parts stacked up against glass metal seal (GMS), which is soldered down to microcircuit housing body. Possibility of reworking damaged GMS is limited by reliability concerns on the brittle solder-gold IMC layers, resulting in high disposal .This paper details the challenges of designing a new 1.85 mm microwave sparkplug coaxial connector, as an alternative replacement for existing non-reworkable connector. New sparkplug connector features, design considerations, material selections, electromagnetic simulation studies and RF measurement verifications will be discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897466
Z. I. Khan, R. A. Awang, A. A. Sulaiman, M. H. Jusoh, N. Baba, M. Kamal, N.I. Khan
Smart antenna refers to any type of antenna arrays combined with signal processor components which can adjust its own beam pattern in order to emphasize on the signal of interest and minimizing the interference signal. The accurate estimation of direction of interest which is also known as direction of arrival (DOA) of the incident signals is very significant to produce beam from antenna. There are several algorithms those have the ability in calculating the DOA of the incidents signals. In this paper an adaptive antenna is applied by using the most frequent used algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) to obtain the direction of arrival (DOA) of any incident signals. The exact number of samples and elements used is the most important parameter in the algorithms in order to sustain the accuracy of the direction of arrival of the incident signals. The optimization was done by running the program in cellular mobile environments. The data from the optimization was evaluated using SPSS in evaluating the performance of the algorithm.
{"title":"Performance analysis for Estimation of signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) in estimating Direction of Arrival for linear array antenna","authors":"Z. I. Khan, R. A. Awang, A. A. Sulaiman, M. H. Jusoh, N. Baba, M. Kamal, N.I. Khan","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897466","url":null,"abstract":"Smart antenna refers to any type of antenna arrays combined with signal processor components which can adjust its own beam pattern in order to emphasize on the signal of interest and minimizing the interference signal. The accurate estimation of direction of interest which is also known as direction of arrival (DOA) of the incident signals is very significant to produce beam from antenna. There are several algorithms those have the ability in calculating the DOA of the incidents signals. In this paper an adaptive antenna is applied by using the most frequent used algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) to obtain the direction of arrival (DOA) of any incident signals. The exact number of samples and elements used is the most important parameter in the algorithms in order to sustain the accuracy of the direction of arrival of the incident signals. The optimization was done by running the program in cellular mobile environments. The data from the optimization was evaluated using SPSS in evaluating the performance of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"28 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116636636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897467
A. Syahriar
A new theoretical version of loss calculation in optical waveguides S-bend has been developed. We derived a simple quasi-analytic theory based on integration of a phenomenological absorption coefficient. The general aims are to find simple methods of predicting the loss in bends whose functional form is described by a dasiashape functionpsila y = f(x), where f is continuous in its first derivative. The function we shall consider in detail is that describing a sinusoidal S-shaped bend. In the process, a number of significant anomalies in previously published formulations of bend loss are highlighted and resolved.
{"title":"A simple analytical solution for loss in S-bend optical waveguide","authors":"A. Syahriar","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897467","url":null,"abstract":"A new theoretical version of loss calculation in optical waveguides S-bend has been developed. We derived a simple quasi-analytic theory based on integration of a phenomenological absorption coefficient. The general aims are to find simple methods of predicting the loss in bends whose functional form is described by a dasiashape functionpsila y = f(x), where f is continuous in its first derivative. The function we shall consider in detail is that describing a sinusoidal S-shaped bend. In the process, a number of significant anomalies in previously published formulations of bend loss are highlighted and resolved.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897379
A. Rateb, S. Yusof, N. Fisal
Ultra wideband (UWB) systems can cause potential interference to other narrowband systems sharing the same band, such as WiMax and Wi-Fi. Detect and avoid (DAA) mechanisms were suggested as a cognitive radio-based solution to reduce interference by adaptively reducing the transmitted power at the overlapping bands. Applying this mechanism may result in degrading the performance of UWB transmissions. In this paper, we suggest a minor modification to the DAA mechanism to mitigate this effect while preserving data rate, and thus providing UWB with more reliability. Simulation results show significant improvement in performance over various interference scenarios and data rates.
{"title":"Code rate adaptation for mitigating the effects of Detect And Avoid (DAA) mechanism on the performance of UWB systems","authors":"A. Rateb, S. Yusof, N. Fisal","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897379","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra wideband (UWB) systems can cause potential interference to other narrowband systems sharing the same band, such as WiMax and Wi-Fi. Detect and avoid (DAA) mechanisms were suggested as a cognitive radio-based solution to reduce interference by adaptively reducing the transmitted power at the overlapping bands. Applying this mechanism may result in degrading the performance of UWB transmissions. In this paper, we suggest a minor modification to the DAA mechanism to mitigate this effect while preserving data rate, and thus providing UWB with more reliability. Simulation results show significant improvement in performance over various interference scenarios and data rates.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125743106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897352
M. H. Jusoh, F. Bakar, A. A. Sulaiman, N. Baba, R. A. Awang, Z. I. Khan
Space weather is a fairly new field in science today and has very interesting effects on the humans and technology in general. Geomagnetic storms are part of space weather and the solar-terrestrial connection. These storms have greatly affected the earth' s atmosphere and ionosphere. This project focus on detection of TIDs during geomagnetic storms. TID is part of disturbance that occurs at ionosphere and it is caused by sun activities. The important parameter in this project is TEC which is the value of TEC change rate; DeltaTEC is taken within the period of 15 minutes in order to detect TID. TEC is extracted using GPS dual frequency data which in RINEX format that supplied by JUPEM (Department Of Survey and Mapping Malaysia) and taken from receiver station located at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor (Latitude (E) 103.60 Longitude (N) 1.60). The value of DeltaTEC is compared base on largest daily Kp index for different seven days.
{"title":"Determination of traveling ionospheric disturbances of geomagnetic storm by using dual frequency GPS data","authors":"M. H. Jusoh, F. Bakar, A. A. Sulaiman, N. Baba, R. A. Awang, Z. I. Khan","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897352","url":null,"abstract":"Space weather is a fairly new field in science today and has very interesting effects on the humans and technology in general. Geomagnetic storms are part of space weather and the solar-terrestrial connection. These storms have greatly affected the earth' s atmosphere and ionosphere. This project focus on detection of TIDs during geomagnetic storms. TID is part of disturbance that occurs at ionosphere and it is caused by sun activities. The important parameter in this project is TEC which is the value of TEC change rate; DeltaTEC is taken within the period of 15 minutes in order to detect TID. TEC is extracted using GPS dual frequency data which in RINEX format that supplied by JUPEM (Department Of Survey and Mapping Malaysia) and taken from receiver station located at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor (Latitude (E) 103.60 Longitude (N) 1.60). The value of DeltaTEC is compared base on largest daily Kp index for different seven days.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124664063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897406
W. A. Shittu, B. Bajoga, F. Anwar, M. Salami
This paper describes a modification of the Free-Space and Hata formulae for the prediction of received signal power, PR and propagation path loss, LP, in two cellular mobile radio systems (CMRS), in the Northern Nigeria. Measurements of PRs were taken with a Cellular Mobile Radio test Receiver (Sagem OT 160), in some selected open/rural environments, when the receiver was being moved away from the base stations along the propagation paths. LPs were then obtained from values of measured PRs using an appropriate expression. A close comparison of measurement values and computed values from the free-space and Hata formulae revealed that direct application of these formulae is inappropriate for the prediction of these parameters in the region of investigation, as computed values fell short significantly from the corresponding measured values. Consequently, some correction factors have been introduced to both models and these have produced results which closely matched the measured values.
本文描述了在尼日利亚北部的两个蜂窝移动无线电系统(CMRS)中用于预测接收信号功率、PR和传播路径损耗LP的自由空间和Hata公式的修改。在一些选定的开放/农村环境中，当接收器沿着传播路径远离基站时，使用蜂窝移动无线电测试接收器(Sagem OT 160)测量pr。然后使用适当的表达从测量的pr值中获得LPs。通过对自由空间公式和Hata公式的测量值和计算值的仔细比较发现，直接应用这些公式对调查区域的这些参数进行预测是不合适的，因为计算值与相应的实测值相差很大。因此，在两个模型中都引入了一些修正因子，这些修正因子产生的结果与实测值非常吻合。
{"title":"Prediction of received signal power and propagation path loss in open/rural environments using modified Free-Space loss and Hata models","authors":"W. A. Shittu, B. Bajoga, F. Anwar, M. Salami","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a modification of the Free-Space and Hata formulae for the prediction of received signal power, PR and propagation path loss, LP, in two cellular mobile radio systems (CMRS), in the Northern Nigeria. Measurements of PRs were taken with a Cellular Mobile Radio test Receiver (Sagem OT 160), in some selected open/rural environments, when the receiver was being moved away from the base stations along the propagation paths. LPs were then obtained from values of measured PRs using an appropriate expression. A close comparison of measurement values and computed values from the free-space and Hata formulae revealed that direct application of these formulae is inappropriate for the prediction of these parameters in the region of investigation, as computed values fell short significantly from the corresponding measured values. Consequently, some correction factors have been introduced to both models and these have produced results which closely matched the measured values.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126726499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897370
M.F. Abdul Khalid, A.S. Ramli, N. Baba, H. Saad
This project presents a microwave non-destructive testing (MNDT) method to determine the ripeness of Siamese mangoes at a frequency range of 18 to 26.5 GHz (K-Band) using free space microwave measurement (FSMM) system. The basic components of the FSMM system are spot focusing horn lens antennas, a vector network analyzer (VNA) and a computer. In this method, the free space reflection, S11 and transmission, S21 coefficients are measured for the samples sandwiched between two Teflon plates that are quarter wavelengths at mid-band. The thru, reflect and line (TRL) calibration technique is used to eliminate the effect of undesirable multiple reflections. The extracted S11 and S21 are keyed in a developed algorithm to calculate the complex permittivity of moisture contents within the samples. Results have shown that the dielectric constants for ripe and unripe mangoes are between 26.3 to 29.5 and 26.1 to 29.2 respectively. Other parameters including loss factor and loss tangent are also discussed.
{"title":"A novel preliminary study on microwave characterization of Siamese Mangoes ripeness at K-Band","authors":"M.F. Abdul Khalid, A.S. Ramli, N. Baba, H. Saad","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897370","url":null,"abstract":"This project presents a microwave non-destructive testing (MNDT) method to determine the ripeness of Siamese mangoes at a frequency range of 18 to 26.5 GHz (K-Band) using free space microwave measurement (FSMM) system. The basic components of the FSMM system are spot focusing horn lens antennas, a vector network analyzer (VNA) and a computer. In this method, the free space reflection, S11 and transmission, S21 coefficients are measured for the samples sandwiched between two Teflon plates that are quarter wavelengths at mid-band. The thru, reflect and line (TRL) calibration technique is used to eliminate the effect of undesirable multiple reflections. The extracted S11 and S21 are keyed in a developed algorithm to calculate the complex permittivity of moisture contents within the samples. Results have shown that the dielectric constants for ripe and unripe mangoes are between 26.3 to 29.5 and 26.1 to 29.2 respectively. Other parameters including loss factor and loss tangent are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123652899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897439
M. Karim, M. Rahim, T. Masri, O. Ayop
This paper describes the design of Fractal Koch Dipole array (FKDA) using log periodic technique for a sample 3 elements and design to operate at UHF band frequencies. The planar fractal Koch has been investigated in a planar log periodic dipole array in order to miniaturize its size using fractal technique. The simulation process was carried out using 3D simulator software CST 2008. The antenna structure was fabricated using Fire Retardant-4 (FR4) board, using wet etching techniques. The antenna is designed to operate at UHF Band (470 MHz- 806 MHz). The design procedures are elaborated in this paper. Both simulated and measured return loss S11 result exhibit similar characteristic which have same frequency range with a return loss magnitude less than -10 dB. The comparisons in term of gain and radiation pattern at a single frequency for simulated and measured result are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Fractal Koch Dipole antenna for digital TV application","authors":"M. Karim, M. Rahim, T. Masri, O. Ayop","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897439","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design of Fractal Koch Dipole array (FKDA) using log periodic technique for a sample 3 elements and design to operate at UHF band frequencies. The planar fractal Koch has been investigated in a planar log periodic dipole array in order to miniaturize its size using fractal technique. The simulation process was carried out using 3D simulator software CST 2008. The antenna structure was fabricated using Fire Retardant-4 (FR4) board, using wet etching techniques. The antenna is designed to operate at UHF Band (470 MHz- 806 MHz). The design procedures are elaborated in this paper. Both simulated and measured return loss S11 result exhibit similar characteristic which have same frequency range with a return loss magnitude less than -10 dB. The comparisons in term of gain and radiation pattern at a single frequency for simulated and measured result are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126287334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897464
N.F. Naim, R. Ngah, T. Prakoso, S. S. Sarnin, H.A. Rahman, Zabih Ghassemlooy
Ultra high-speed optical network is developing rapidly as growing capacity demand in telecommunication system is increasing. In these networks, it is desired to carry out switching, routing and processing in optical domain to avoid bottlenecks of optoelectronic conversions. Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) technique is one option to implement all optical networks. It provides a single data stream at a very high rate (>100 Gbits/s) using a single wavelength. These networks will be based on optical packet switching. The success of these networks depends on how well switching and routing are being done at this very high speed. An all optical switch based on symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with asymmetric coupler (60:40) is proposed. Its characteristics and switching window profiles will be investigated. The results show that symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with asymmetric coupler gives a better contrast ratio rather than symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with normal 50:50 coupler.
{"title":"Modelling of all-optical symmetric Mach-Zehnder switch with asymmetric coupler","authors":"N.F. Naim, R. Ngah, T. Prakoso, S. S. Sarnin, H.A. Rahman, Zabih Ghassemlooy","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897464","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra high-speed optical network is developing rapidly as growing capacity demand in telecommunication system is increasing. In these networks, it is desired to carry out switching, routing and processing in optical domain to avoid bottlenecks of optoelectronic conversions. Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) technique is one option to implement all optical networks. It provides a single data stream at a very high rate (>100 Gbits/s) using a single wavelength. These networks will be based on optical packet switching. The success of these networks depends on how well switching and routing are being done at this very high speed. An all optical switch based on symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with asymmetric coupler (60:40) is proposed. Its characteristics and switching window profiles will be investigated. The results show that symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with asymmetric coupler gives a better contrast ratio rather than symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) with normal 50:50 coupler.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116359101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897409
Y. Kosta, Shakti Kosta Charotar
A novel concept of using electrically conducting liquids/fluids (including biological fluids such as Plant Sap [Bionics]) and the technique of utilizing the property of thermal expansion, for the design and development of Passive RF/Microwave circuits and functions have been studied and reported [6,7]. Various passive microwave functions such as electromagnetic radiators (Microstrip Antennas), passive components (Interdigital Filters) and transmission lines (Coaxial and Microstrip) have been realized and successfully demonstrated along with working prototypes [1-5] earlier. In this paper we communicate and report the successful development of a rectangular liquid patch microstrip antenna using liquid: mercury as the radiating element in the X-Band. Mercury being the radiator of electromagnetic signals, in our case. We also called it as ldquothe Liquid Patchrdquo. The making, that includes: the construction and fabrication of this antenna with ldquomercuryrdquo as ldquothe liquid patchrdquo is somewhat similar to the conventional Physician's temperature-measuring instrument: Mercury Thermometer. The distinguishing features of this liquid patch antenna system is that, its characteristics may be switched, varied and controlled by exercising suitable control over external temperature/s. The technology, mechanisms and techniques involved in the development of the liquid patch antenna has been discussed and also highlighted in this paper. Utilization of the above techniques and principles have shown that its possible to affect changes in realtime on critical antenna parameters, such as: resonant frequency, VSWR, Bandwidth, Radiation Pattern and Polarization. The same has been demonstrated and confirmed here practically. This novel technique, to change the characteristics of such antenna systems may perhaps be explored and utilized to our advantage, under certain existing environment and strategic situations/conditions. This liquid (mercury) antenna was fabricated and tested at the Antenna Fabrication and Test Facility. Space Applications Centre - Indian Space Research Organization, Government of India, Ahmedabad.
{"title":"Realization of a microstrip-aperture-coupled-passive-liquid patch antenna","authors":"Y. Kosta, Shakti Kosta Charotar","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897409","url":null,"abstract":"A novel concept of using electrically conducting liquids/fluids (including biological fluids such as Plant Sap [Bionics]) and the technique of utilizing the property of thermal expansion, for the design and development of Passive RF/Microwave circuits and functions have been studied and reported [6,7]. Various passive microwave functions such as electromagnetic radiators (Microstrip Antennas), passive components (Interdigital Filters) and transmission lines (Coaxial and Microstrip) have been realized and successfully demonstrated along with working prototypes [1-5] earlier. In this paper we communicate and report the successful development of a rectangular liquid patch microstrip antenna using liquid: mercury as the radiating element in the X-Band. Mercury being the radiator of electromagnetic signals, in our case. We also called it as ldquothe Liquid Patchrdquo. The making, that includes: the construction and fabrication of this antenna with ldquomercuryrdquo as ldquothe liquid patchrdquo is somewhat similar to the conventional Physician's temperature-measuring instrument: Mercury Thermometer. The distinguishing features of this liquid patch antenna system is that, its characteristics may be switched, varied and controlled by exercising suitable control over external temperature/s. The technology, mechanisms and techniques involved in the development of the liquid patch antenna has been discussed and also highlighted in this paper. Utilization of the above techniques and principles have shown that its possible to affect changes in realtime on critical antenna parameters, such as: resonant frequency, VSWR, Bandwidth, Radiation Pattern and Polarization. The same has been demonstrated and confirmed here practically. This novel technique, to change the characteristics of such antenna systems may perhaps be explored and utilized to our advantage, under certain existing environment and strategic situations/conditions. This liquid (mercury) antenna was fabricated and tested at the Antenna Fabrication and Test Facility. Space Applications Centre - Indian Space Research Organization, Government of India, Ahmedabad.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128340067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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