Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897435
V. Mohtashami, A. A. Shishegar
This paper presents a new efficient and accurate method to overcome the double-counting problem of ray tracing in indoor environments. The conventional method of modeling the transmitter using an icosahedron inscribed in the unit sphere is used. The separation angle distribution of the source rays over the faces of the icosahedron is calculated prior to the start of the tracing procedure. These angles are used to cancel the double-counting problem in the post processing stage. To validate our proposed method, an electromagnetic problem that has analytical solution is presented and the ray tracing results are compared to this solution. The simulation results agree with analytical solution only when double-counting cancellation is applied.
{"title":"A new double—counting cancellation technique for ray tracing using separation angle distribution","authors":"V. Mohtashami, A. A. Shishegar","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897435","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new efficient and accurate method to overcome the double-counting problem of ray tracing in indoor environments. The conventional method of modeling the transmitter using an icosahedron inscribed in the unit sphere is used. The separation angle distribution of the source rays over the faces of the icosahedron is calculated prior to the start of the tracing procedure. These angles are used to cancel the double-counting problem in the post processing stage. To validate our proposed method, an electromagnetic problem that has analytical solution is presented and the ray tracing results are compared to this solution. The simulation results agree with analytical solution only when double-counting cancellation is applied.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114808934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897403
M. F. Ain, S. Hassan, M.R. Jaffar, M. A. Othman, M.N. Ismail, A. Othman, A. A. Sulaiman, M.A. Zakariyya, S. Sreekantan, S. D. Hutagalung, Z. Ahmad
In this paper, small dielectric resonator antenna was design and developed by using high permittivity dielectric material of 55. The dimensions of the dielectric resonator were 5.4 mm (width), 9.3 mm (length), and 3.14 mm (height). This DRA operate at a frequency around 5 GHz. It was excited with microstrip line where the position of the DR on the microstrip was varied to get good coupling. CST Microwave Studio was used for the simulation of the return loss and radiation pattern. A comparison between the measured and simulated value of the return loss and radiation pattern were also discussed.
{"title":"Small and compact rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN applications","authors":"M. F. Ain, S. Hassan, M.R. Jaffar, M. A. Othman, M.N. Ismail, A. Othman, A. A. Sulaiman, M.A. Zakariyya, S. Sreekantan, S. D. Hutagalung, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897403","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, small dielectric resonator antenna was design and developed by using high permittivity dielectric material of 55. The dimensions of the dielectric resonator were 5.4 mm (width), 9.3 mm (length), and 3.14 mm (height). This DRA operate at a frequency around 5 GHz. It was excited with microstrip line where the position of the DR on the microstrip was varied to get good coupling. CST Microwave Studio was used for the simulation of the return loss and radiation pattern. A comparison between the measured and simulated value of the return loss and radiation pattern were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127064615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897430
N. A. Cholan, S. Khabollah, R. Talib
An optimal micro-ring resonator with laterally coupled waveguides is presented in this paper. The proposed resonator is optimized to work as an add-drop filter for coarse wavelength division-multiplexing (CWDM) system which follows ITU-T G.694.2 standard. Optimized micro-ring resonator should have wide free spectral range (FSR) and high quality factor (Q) to accommodate many channels and high extinction ratio (ER) to avoid crosstalk. From the 3D structure rib waveguide, we converted it to the effective 2D structure. By using the excitation pulse as an input signal, this resonator was simulated at CWDM wavelength 1.55 mum. With 0.2 mum wide ring waveguide cavities and by varying radius of microring, we found out that the optimal radius for the resonator is 4.5 mum which can have Q in several hundred and free spectral range of 30 nm. Based on this optimal radius, the resonator was simulated with various width of waveguide to get the optimized performance. With width of waveguide 0.35 mum, the FSR can be as wide as 30 nm and Q of nearly 1550.
{"title":"Analysis and design of micro-ring resonator as an add drop filter for Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) application","authors":"N. A. Cholan, S. Khabollah, R. Talib","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897430","url":null,"abstract":"An optimal micro-ring resonator with laterally coupled waveguides is presented in this paper. The proposed resonator is optimized to work as an add-drop filter for coarse wavelength division-multiplexing (CWDM) system which follows ITU-T G.694.2 standard. Optimized micro-ring resonator should have wide free spectral range (FSR) and high quality factor (Q) to accommodate many channels and high extinction ratio (ER) to avoid crosstalk. From the 3D structure rib waveguide, we converted it to the effective 2D structure. By using the excitation pulse as an input signal, this resonator was simulated at CWDM wavelength 1.55 mum. With 0.2 mum wide ring waveguide cavities and by varying radius of microring, we found out that the optimal radius for the resonator is 4.5 mum which can have Q in several hundred and free spectral range of 30 nm. Based on this optimal radius, the resonator was simulated with various width of waveguide to get the optimized performance. With width of waveguide 0.35 mum, the FSR can be as wide as 30 nm and Q of nearly 1550.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125946129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897471
Husna Abdul Rahman, F.Y.A. Rahman, R. Kadir, M. Khalid, N. F. Naim
The aim of this research is to investigate the Dorsch algorithm performance in the decoding process of binary Hamming codes. The conventional decoding method is hard decision based whereby the message of the demodulator is quantized only to two levels. An important feature of the Dorsch algorithm is that it uses soft decision decoding. Soft decision occurs if the output of the demodulator is quantized to more than two levels. The algorithm uses soft decision information to rank the reliability of the received symbols. The high reliability symbols are treated as the soft decision of the information values whereas the low reliability symbols are treated as parity checks for the information values. The error performance of both the decoding methods were evaluated and concluded. It was observed that Dorsch Algorithm produces better performance compared to the conventional hard decision decoding.
{"title":"Block decoding using the Dorsch Algorithm","authors":"Husna Abdul Rahman, F.Y.A. Rahman, R. Kadir, M. Khalid, N. F. Naim","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897471","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to investigate the Dorsch algorithm performance in the decoding process of binary Hamming codes. The conventional decoding method is hard decision based whereby the message of the demodulator is quantized only to two levels. An important feature of the Dorsch algorithm is that it uses soft decision decoding. Soft decision occurs if the output of the demodulator is quantized to more than two levels. The algorithm uses soft decision information to rank the reliability of the received symbols. The high reliability symbols are treated as the soft decision of the information values whereas the low reliability symbols are treated as parity checks for the information values. The error performance of both the decoding methods were evaluated and concluded. It was observed that Dorsch Algorithm produces better performance compared to the conventional hard decision decoding.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131135008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897374
N. Mohamed, S. M. Idrus, A. .. Mohammad
Generation of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal for radio over fiber (RoF) currently being investigated and studied by many researchers due to the demand of the mm-wave band for future communication system mostly in wireless local area networks (WLANs) applications. RoF is a system where high microwave frequency signals are delivered through optical fiber between the central station (CS) and the base stations (BSs). The use of optical fiber for signal distribution in mm-wave radio communication systems has been widely investigated, since they provide high bandwidths and small cell sizes (picocell). They also offer the potential for the low cost infrastructure needed to develop broadband mobile services. This paper will explain the whole picture of RoF technology followed by RoF link configurations where radio frequency (RF) signal can be transmitted directly over fiber either at the RF or intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The review mainly focuses on the mm-wave generation techniques for radio over fiber including: optical heterodyning, external modulation, optical transceiver, and up- and down-conversion.
{"title":"Review on system architectures for the millimeter-wave generation techniques for RoF communication link","authors":"N. Mohamed, S. M. Idrus, A. .. Mohammad","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897374","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal for radio over fiber (RoF) currently being investigated and studied by many researchers due to the demand of the mm-wave band for future communication system mostly in wireless local area networks (WLANs) applications. RoF is a system where high microwave frequency signals are delivered through optical fiber between the central station (CS) and the base stations (BSs). The use of optical fiber for signal distribution in mm-wave radio communication systems has been widely investigated, since they provide high bandwidths and small cell sizes (picocell). They also offer the potential for the low cost infrastructure needed to develop broadband mobile services. This paper will explain the whole picture of RoF technology followed by RoF link configurations where radio frequency (RF) signal can be transmitted directly over fiber either at the RF or intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The review mainly focuses on the mm-wave generation techniques for radio over fiber including: optical heterodyning, external modulation, optical transceiver, and up- and down-conversion.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897398
C. Chiu, W.L. Chen, K. Liao, B. Chen, Y. Teng, G. Huang, L. Wu
The pad structure of CMOS technology is characterized by way of time domain reflectometry measurement. Using the on-wafer TDR measurement system, the capacitance of the pad in the CMOS process was extracted and estimated. Measured and simulated TDR data are also presented in this study. The capacitance is estimated when the curve is fitted by mathematical tool. This method is simple to use, and furthermore the results agree with data extracted from vector network analyzer.
{"title":"Pad characterization for CMOS technology using time domain reflectometry","authors":"C. Chiu, W.L. Chen, K. Liao, B. Chen, Y. Teng, G. Huang, L. Wu","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897398","url":null,"abstract":"The pad structure of CMOS technology is characterized by way of time domain reflectometry measurement. Using the on-wafer TDR measurement system, the capacitance of the pad in the CMOS process was extracted and estimated. Measured and simulated TDR data are also presented in this study. The capacitance is estimated when the curve is fitted by mathematical tool. This method is simple to use, and furthermore the results agree with data extracted from vector network analyzer.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132190662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897451
R. Salman, T. Schultze, M. Janson, W. Wiesbeck, I. Willms
This paper focuses on an emergency situation in which a network of ultra-wide-band (UWB) sensor nodes mounted on moveable platforms is moving in a room for purposes of recognition of objects. The recognition is accomplished between 2D canonical objects, which are scanned by UWB radar and a set of reference objects with same size which were analyzed by a ray-tracing method. The object recognition task is performed on the basis of RCS (radar cross section) measurements leading to corresponding radar-gram data. Here the objects characteristic geometric features are examined by using polar Fourier descriptors which are extended in a way that also provides for multiple reflections.
{"title":"Robust UWB Radar object recognition","authors":"R. Salman, T. Schultze, M. Janson, W. Wiesbeck, I. Willms","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897451","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on an emergency situation in which a network of ultra-wide-band (UWB) sensor nodes mounted on moveable platforms is moving in a room for purposes of recognition of objects. The recognition is accomplished between 2D canonical objects, which are scanned by UWB radar and a set of reference objects with same size which were analyzed by a ray-tracing method. The object recognition task is performed on the basis of RCS (radar cross section) measurements leading to corresponding radar-gram data. Here the objects characteristic geometric features are examined by using polar Fourier descriptors which are extended in a way that also provides for multiple reflections.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":" 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113952008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897378
S. Das, M. Kumar
A moment method analysis of an H-plane, offset, thick rectangular slot coupled waveguide tee-junction has been presented in this paper using multiple cavity modeling technique (MCMT). The reflection and transmission coefficients have been determined. The theory has been validated by the excellent agreement obtained between the theoretical and literature available data.
{"title":"Analysis of offset slot coupled waveguide tee - junction using Multiple Cavity Modeling Technique","authors":"S. Das, M. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897378","url":null,"abstract":"A moment method analysis of an H-plane, offset, thick rectangular slot coupled waveguide tee-junction has been presented in this paper using multiple cavity modeling technique (MCMT). The reflection and transmission coefficients have been determined. The theory has been validated by the excellent agreement obtained between the theoretical and literature available data.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114750905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897400
A. A. Sulaiman, M. F. Ain, S. Hassan, A. Othman, M. A. Othman, R. Majid, M.Z. Saidin, M. Hamid, M. H. Jusoh, Z. I. Khan, N. Baba, R. A. Awang, Z. Awang, N. Zakaria, Rafiuddin Mohammad
This paper described the design, simulation and fabrication of a parallel-coupled band pass filter. The design was for K-band applications with bandwidth of 300 MHz. The filter was operated between 21 to 21.3 GHz. The circuit was designed and simulated using Genesys and the measurement was carried out after fabrication on RT Duroid 5870 with 0.508 mm thickess and the dielectric constant, epsivr of 2.33 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.001. The results shows a good agreement between simulation and measurement.
{"title":"Tschebysheff parallel-coupled BPF for K-band application","authors":"A. A. Sulaiman, M. F. Ain, S. Hassan, A. Othman, M. A. Othman, R. Majid, M.Z. Saidin, M. Hamid, M. H. Jusoh, Z. I. Khan, N. Baba, R. A. Awang, Z. Awang, N. Zakaria, Rafiuddin Mohammad","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897400","url":null,"abstract":"This paper described the design, simulation and fabrication of a parallel-coupled band pass filter. The design was for K-band applications with bandwidth of 300 MHz. The filter was operated between 21 to 21.3 GHz. The circuit was designed and simulated using Genesys and the measurement was carried out after fabrication on RT Duroid 5870 with 0.508 mm thickess and the dielectric constant, epsivr of 2.33 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.001. The results shows a good agreement between simulation and measurement.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128498093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897433
A.G. Nabi, J. Din
Link degradation due to rain fade is one of the obstacles in establishing the HAPS Communication services, mainly in the frequency above 10 GHz. As tropical rain is more localize in nature rather than wide spread. The site diversity is one of the effective solutions to limit the effect of rain fade in HAPS-Earth links to improve the systems availability. This paper examines the site diversity performance under the rainy condition by considering the three earth stations having different rain rates at different locations within a specific rain cell. The study is based on ITU-R model to provide a method for predicting the rain attenuation statistics for HAPS linked to an Earth station. Carrier to Noise density ratio (C/N0) is computed to analyze the impact of site diversity fade mitigation technique and it is specified that the link availability is improved from 97% to 99.9% using site diversity.
{"title":"Link availability improvement using site diversity for high altitude platform station in Malaysia","authors":"A.G. Nabi, J. Din","doi":"10.1109/RFM.2008.4897433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2008.4897433","url":null,"abstract":"Link degradation due to rain fade is one of the obstacles in establishing the HAPS Communication services, mainly in the frequency above 10 GHz. As tropical rain is more localize in nature rather than wide spread. The site diversity is one of the effective solutions to limit the effect of rain fade in HAPS-Earth links to improve the systems availability. This paper examines the site diversity performance under the rainy condition by considering the three earth stations having different rain rates at different locations within a specific rain cell. The study is based on ITU-R model to provide a method for predicting the rain attenuation statistics for HAPS linked to an Earth station. Carrier to Noise density ratio (C/N0) is computed to analyze the impact of site diversity fade mitigation technique and it is specified that the link availability is improved from 97% to 99.9% using site diversity.","PeriodicalId":329128,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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