Marko Pecak, Riem Spielhaus, Simona Szakács-Behling
This paper investigates representations of the Roma Holocaust in European textbooks on history, civics, and geography for pupils in upper primary to the end of secondary education. By applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) to a dataset of 472 passages and images referring to the Roma Holocaust from 869 textbooks, this paper reveals educational discourses of in/exclusion by focusing on narratives and linguistic tools, such as speech acts, level of detail and specificity, perspectives in semantic and grammatical forms, vocabulary and syntax. Most knowledge disseminated on the Roma Holocaust concerns numbers and technicalities of murder while Roma-specific details, survivor stories, and individual voices, as well as Romani terminology for the Holocaust (Porrajmos) are rare. Generally, the textbooks show little commitment to circulating knowledge about the Roma Holocaust, or specifically focusing on civic or human rights education. Portrayals of the Roma Holocaust are permeated by both explicitly and implicitly racist discourses, coupled with a distinct lack of critical tools withwhich to deconstruct these narratives. Overall, current textbook representations of the Roma Holocaust mirror social discourse and possibly serve to reproduce Romani exclusion and risk reinforcing antigypsyism attitudes.
{"title":"Between Antigypsyism and Human Rights Education: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representations of the Roma Holocaust in European Textbooks","authors":"Marko Pecak, Riem Spielhaus, Simona Szakács-Behling","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i2.96","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates representations of the Roma Holocaust in European textbooks on history, civics, and geography for pupils in upper primary to the end of secondary education. By applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) to a dataset of 472 passages and images referring to the Roma Holocaust from 869 textbooks, this paper reveals educational discourses of in/exclusion by focusing on narratives and linguistic tools, such as speech acts, level of detail and specificity, perspectives in semantic and grammatical forms, vocabulary and syntax. Most knowledge disseminated on the Roma Holocaust concerns numbers and technicalities of murder while Roma-specific details, survivor stories, and individual voices, as well as Romani terminology for the Holocaust (Porrajmos) are rare. Generally, the textbooks show little commitment to circulating knowledge about the Roma Holocaust, or specifically focusing on civic or human rights education. Portrayals of the Roma Holocaust are permeated by both explicitly and implicitly racist discourses, coupled with a distinct lack of critical tools withwhich to deconstruct these narratives. Overall, current textbook representations of the Roma Holocaust mirror social discourse and possibly serve to reproduce Romani exclusion and risk reinforcing antigypsyism attitudes.","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69686500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article puts forward a broad interpretive scheme to understand the deep causes of the Nazi persecution of Roma. It is argued that a reference to the interplay of modernity and colonialism is required to understand how Roma were constructed as different, how this difference became racialized, and how projects to eliminate this difference were drawn up. The author presents Roma as the main actors in the two most important European historical processes: modernization and colonization. Various modern strategies targeting Roma are described,together with the impact of the colonial experience that allowed Roma to be seen as the “savage within”, threatening the identity of German society. Finally, the similarities between colonial violence and persecution of Roma are brought into focus.
{"title":"Fatal Coincidence: On the Root Causes of the Roma Holocaust","authors":"S. Kapralski","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i2.78","url":null,"abstract":"This article puts forward a broad interpretive scheme to understand the deep causes of the Nazi persecution of Roma. It is argued that a reference to the interplay of modernity and colonialism is required to understand how Roma were constructed as different, how this difference became racialized, and how projects to eliminate this difference were drawn up. The author presents Roma as the main actors in the two most important European historical processes: modernization and colonization. Various modern strategies targeting Roma are described,together with the impact of the colonial experience that allowed Roma to be seen as the “savage within”, threatening the identity of German society. Finally, the similarities between colonial violence and persecution of Roma are brought into focus.","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48512943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Futures Past Means Tajsa: Review of an Artwork by Krzysztof Gil
未来的过去意味着Tajsa：对Krzysztof Gil作品的回顾
{"title":"Futures Past Means Tajsa: Review of an Artwork by Krzysztof Gil","authors":"Monika Weychert","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i2.131","url":null,"abstract":"Futures Past Means Tajsa: Review of an Artwork by Krzysztof Gil","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper aims to discuss the memorialisation of crimes committed by the Children of the Country Road programme in Mariella Mehr’s novel Stone Age and its monodrama-adaptation, Dijana Pavlović’s Speak, My Life. The paper will examine actions taken by the Pro Juventute organisation against the Yenish minority community from 1926 to 1970, to ‘stop vagrancy’ and purify Swiss society from the ‘genetically degenerate’, during which almost 2,000 children were taken away from their families, put into psychiatric institutions, homes, prisons, or given to foster families, exposing them to mental and physical abuse. This work identifies Mehr’s novel as a pivotal work, one of the first to reveal the crimes of Pro Juventute by a survivor, and as such,an important part of European memory culture. In her novel, Mehr deconstructs the language of stigmatisation used by Swiss authorities in the files on Yenish children, raising questions about power, racial identity, uprootedness and survival. In Speak, My Life, Dijana Pavlović reassesses Mehr’s life and work as a ‘heroicnarrative’, which has allowed room for the Yenish community to represent itself and restore a positive self-image. The paper will discuss the following questions: How can both novel and drama explore the crimes of Pro Juventute in the context of a collective European memory culture? What challenges must this memorialisation face?
{"title":"The Cultural Genocide of the Children of the Country Road Programme and its Memorialisation in Mariella Mehr’s Stone Age and Dijana Pavlović’s Speak, My Life","authors":"D. Szőke","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.138","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper aims to discuss the memorialisation of crimes committed by the Children of the Country Road programme in Mariella Mehr’s novel Stone Age and its monodrama-adaptation, Dijana Pavlović’s Speak, My Life. The paper will examine actions taken by the Pro Juventute organisation against the Yenish minority community from 1926 to 1970, to ‘stop vagrancy’ and purify Swiss society from the ‘genetically degenerate’, during which almost 2,000 children were taken away from their families, put into psychiatric institutions, homes, prisons, or given to foster families, exposing them to mental and physical abuse. This work identifies Mehr’s novel as a pivotal work, one of the first to reveal the crimes of Pro Juventute by a survivor, and as such,an important part of European memory culture. In her novel, Mehr deconstructs the language of stigmatisation used by Swiss authorities in the files on Yenish children, raising questions about power, racial identity, uprootedness and survival. In Speak, My Life, Dijana Pavlović reassesses Mehr’s life and work as a ‘heroicnarrative’, which has allowed room for the Yenish community to represent itself and restore a positive self-image. The paper will discuss the following questions: How can both novel and drama explore the crimes of Pro Juventute in the context of a collective European memory culture? What challenges must this memorialisation face?","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48346852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper summarizes and discusses the key findings of my research on representations of Romani woman in contemporary Polish and Romani literary texts. The first part of this paper discusses Romani women’s roles and positions in the Romani community. While the subsequent part describes Romani literature in Poland, the main focus of this article discusses images of Romani women in Polish and Romani literature. The article aims to reveal the process of shaping their description in Romani and Polish literature. The research result shows how the perception of Romani women influenced the artistic imagination of Poles and Roma (female and male) and their literary discourses. The study also indicates the degree of durability or variability of the compared images. The research is significant because of its intent to deepen the understanding of Romani imagology, as well as promoting the discourse of Romani Literature Studies.
{"title":"Representations of Romani Women in Contemporary Polish and Romani Literature","authors":"J. Matkowska","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.98","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes and discusses the key findings of my research on representations of Romani woman in contemporary Polish and Romani literary texts. The first part of this paper discusses Romani women’s roles and positions in the Romani community. While the subsequent part describes Romani literature in Poland, the main focus of this article discusses images of Romani women in Polish and Romani literature. The article aims to reveal the process of shaping their description in Romani and Polish literature. The research result shows how the perception of Romani women influenced the artistic imagination of Poles and Roma (female and male) and their literary discourses. The study also indicates the degree of durability or variability of the compared images. The research is significant because of its intent to deepen the understanding of Romani imagology, as well as promoting the discourse of Romani Literature Studies.","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46655741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Romani Arts, Dance, and Advocacy Action in Wales: My Life and the Romani Cultural and Arts Company","authors":"Isaac Blake","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.147","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foreword of the thematic issue Roma LGBTI, Feminist Movement and Scholarship
罗姆人LGBTI、女权主义运动和奖学金专题前言
{"title":"Foreword: Roma LGBTI, Feminist Movement and Scholarship","authors":"Dezso Mate","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.150","url":null,"abstract":"Foreword of the thematic issue Roma LGBTI, Feminist Movement and Scholarship","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41583692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Romani LGBTIAQ Movement and the Role of ARA ART","authors":"David Tišer","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.151","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42582650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews the growing but still scarce scholarly work on queer Romani women in Eastern and Central Europe to highlight how economic and symbolic inequalities are inseparably intertwined and mutually strengthen each other in the case of this group. The review finds that cultural and symbolic injustices dominate the analysis of the situation of queer Romani women; economic deprivation is often mentioned when providing an overview of the situation of Romani people but is hardly ever brought up when the specific experiences of queer Romani people are discussed. The article zooms in on one area where the interplay between economic and symbolic inequality is pronounced: the central role of familism in the lives of Romani communities, and the detrimental impact it has on the situation of queer Romani women. The article also proposes a set of other mechanisms undermining the equality and well-being of queer Romani women where economic and symbolic inequalities are similarly intertwined.
{"title":"Familial Frictions: Intersectional Inequalities Faced by Romani Queer Women","authors":"A. Al-Kurdi","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.119","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the growing but still scarce scholarly work on queer Romani women in Eastern and Central Europe to highlight how economic and symbolic inequalities are inseparably intertwined and mutually strengthen each other in the case of this group. The review finds that cultural and symbolic injustices dominate the analysis of the situation of queer Romani women; economic deprivation is often mentioned when providing an overview of the situation of Romani people but is hardly ever brought up when the specific experiences of queer Romani people are discussed. The article zooms in on one area where the interplay between economic and symbolic inequality is pronounced: the central role of familism in the lives of Romani communities, and the detrimental impact it has on the situation of queer Romani women. The article also proposes a set of other mechanisms undermining the equality and well-being of queer Romani women where economic and symbolic inequalities are similarly intertwined.","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mikey Walsh. 2010. Gypsy Boy. My Life in the Secret World of the Romany Gypsies. New York: Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin’s Press.","authors":"Silvia Cittadini","doi":"10.29098/crs.v4i1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v4i1.69","url":null,"abstract":"Book review","PeriodicalId":32956,"journal":{"name":"Critical Romani Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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