Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.143-151
Hariestya Viareco, Endi Adriansyah, Rifqi Sufra
Introduction: Landfill wastewater or leachate has unique characteristics. Several conventional methods need a few treatment tanks to cover the treatment process. A Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is a biological treatment method that uses a single tank with few-cycle phases. This study aims to determine the potential of a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) that can be used to treat landfill leachate. Methods: A Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used in this study. The characteristics of leachate served as the basis for the design of the SBR reactor. The synthetic leachate was used to create the reactor feed based on the actual landfill leachate compositions. The reactor's influent and effluent were analyzed based on a few parameter changes, such as Suspended Solid (SS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). Results and Discussion: While the experiment was running, 84% of SS were removed, 88% of COD were removed, a -28% efficiency rate for NH3-N removal, and a -172% efficiency rate for TKN removal. After the withdrawal phase, the supernatant showed promising results with 99% COD removal, 97% SS removal, and 65% TKN removal. Unfortunately, the removal of NH3-N reaches -130%. It indicates insufficient concentrations of MLSS and SRT, as well as the presence of a eutrophication process. Conclusion: SBR shows a promising result for leachate treatment. Few changes in the cycling process were needed for further study, so the treatment process becomes optimal to reach its full potential.
{"title":"Potential Sequencing Batch Reactor in Leachate Treatment for Organic and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency","authors":"Hariestya Viareco, Endi Adriansyah, Rifqi Sufra","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.143-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.143-151","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Landfill wastewater or leachate has unique characteristics. Several conventional methods need a few treatment tanks to cover the treatment process. A Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is a biological treatment method that uses a single tank with few-cycle phases. This study aims to determine the potential of a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) that can be used to treat landfill leachate. Methods: A Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was used in this study. The characteristics of leachate served as the basis for the design of the SBR reactor. The synthetic leachate was used to create the reactor feed based on the actual landfill leachate compositions. The reactor's influent and effluent were analyzed based on a few parameter changes, such as Suspended Solid (SS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). Results and Discussion: While the experiment was running, 84% of SS were removed, 88% of COD were removed, a -28% efficiency rate for NH3-N removal, and a -172% efficiency rate for TKN removal. After the withdrawal phase, the supernatant showed promising results with 99% COD removal, 97% SS removal, and 65% TKN removal. Unfortunately, the removal of NH3-N reaches -130%. It indicates insufficient concentrations of MLSS and SRT, as well as the presence of a eutrophication process. Conclusion: SBR shows a promising result for leachate treatment. Few changes in the cycling process were needed for further study, so the treatment process becomes optimal to reach its full potential.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67617128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.92-98
Alifa Salsabila Azzahrain, Anisa Nur Afifah, L. Yamani
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that can grow fast due to its transmissibility through aerosols. One of the countries with the highest tuberculosis rates is Indonesia with a case fatality rate of 11.59%. This study's objective was to examine the relationship between the physical condition of the house and the immune system and the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers in Surabaya. Methods: This study used an analytic survey research design with a case control research methodology. The case population consisted of pediatric patients aged 0-5 years who were clinically diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The Chi-Square test was used to analyze bivariate data with a confidence level of 0.05 (α = 5%). Results and Discussion: The physical condition of the house that influenced the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers were room temperature (p = 0.009; OR = 8.300; CI = 1.480-46.936) and room humidity (p = 0.000; OR = 7.600; CI = 1.609-35.906) while the immune system that affected the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers were history of tuberculosis sufferers in the family (p = 0.018; OR = 6.000; CI = 1.266-28.498) and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.003; OR = 10.000; CI = 1.998-50.042). Conclusion: Houses with inadequate room temperature and humidity have an increased risk of tuberculosis development. Moreover, tuberculosis risk factors include a history of exclusive breastfeeding and a family history of tuberculosis. Health promotion by community health centers is expected to increase awareness of pediatric tuberculosis.
{"title":"Detection of Tuberculosis in Toddlers and its Risk Factor at East Perak Health Center Surabaya","authors":"Alifa Salsabila Azzahrain, Anisa Nur Afifah, L. Yamani","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.92-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.92-98","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that can grow fast due to its transmissibility through aerosols. One of the countries with the highest tuberculosis rates is Indonesia with a case fatality rate of 11.59%. This study's objective was to examine the relationship between the physical condition of the house and the immune system and the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers in Surabaya. Methods: This study used an analytic survey research design with a case control research methodology. The case population consisted of pediatric patients aged 0-5 years who were clinically diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The Chi-Square test was used to analyze bivariate data with a confidence level of 0.05 (α = 5%). Results and Discussion: The physical condition of the house that influenced the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers were room temperature (p = 0.009; OR = 8.300; CI = 1.480-46.936) and room humidity (p = 0.000; OR = 7.600; CI = 1.609-35.906) while the immune system that affected the incidence of tuberculosis in toddlers were history of tuberculosis sufferers in the family (p = 0.018; OR = 6.000; CI = 1.266-28.498) and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.003; OR = 10.000; CI = 1.998-50.042). Conclusion: Houses with inadequate room temperature and humidity have an increased risk of tuberculosis development. Moreover, tuberculosis risk factors include a history of exclusive breastfeeding and a family history of tuberculosis. Health promotion by community health centers is expected to increase awareness of pediatric tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42481730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.127-133
Dewi Randa, I. Eri, Marlik Marlik, Pratiwi Hermiyanti
Introduction: The organic content of tempeh liquid waste and “Raja” banana peel can be utilized to make organic liquid fertilizer as an alternative for waste control. This study aims to analyze the effect of “Raja” banana peel bio-activator on tempeh liquid waste during the production of organic liquid fertilizer. Methods: The research design is a pure experiment with a posttest only and a control group design. The object of the study was tempeh liquid waste treated with Raja banana peel bio-activator in three replicates of 30 mL 40 mL and 50 mL. Data analysis used the Kruskal Wallis test. Results and Discussion: The highest average in C content was found in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 30 mL (1.84%), N content in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 50 mL (0.17%), P content in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 50 mL (0.11%), K content in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 30 mL (0.13%) and total macro nutrients (N, P, K) in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 50 mL (0.36%). The average volume of “Raja” banana peel bio-activator did differ significantly between 30 mL, 40 mL and 50 mL, indicating that it did not significantly affect the content of C, N, P and K in organic liquid fertilizer. Conclusion: The contents of macro nutrient in this organic liquid fertilizer do not meet the government standard on Minister of Agriculture Regulation; therefore’ further research is needed to determine the appropriate levels of bio-activators in producing organic liquid fertilizer.
{"title":"Effect of Adding \"Raja\" Banana Peel Bioactivator (Musa Textilia) on Tempeh Liquid Waste in Making Organic Liquid Fertilizer","authors":"Dewi Randa, I. Eri, Marlik Marlik, Pratiwi Hermiyanti","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.127-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.127-133","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The organic content of tempeh liquid waste and “Raja” banana peel can be utilized to make organic liquid fertilizer as an alternative for waste control. This study aims to analyze the effect of “Raja” banana peel bio-activator on tempeh liquid waste during the production of organic liquid fertilizer. Methods: The research design is a pure experiment with a posttest only and a control group design. The object of the study was tempeh liquid waste treated with Raja banana peel bio-activator in three replicates of 30 mL 40 mL and 50 mL. Data analysis used the Kruskal Wallis test. Results and Discussion: The highest average in C content was found in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 30 mL (1.84%), N content in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 50 mL (0.17%), P content in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 50 mL (0.11%), K content in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 30 mL (0.13%) and total macro nutrients (N, P, K) in liquid fertilizer with bio-activator 50 mL (0.36%). The average volume of “Raja” banana peel bio-activator did differ significantly between 30 mL, 40 mL and 50 mL, indicating that it did not significantly affect the content of C, N, P and K in organic liquid fertilizer. Conclusion: The contents of macro nutrient in this organic liquid fertilizer do not meet the government standard on Minister of Agriculture Regulation; therefore’ further research is needed to determine the appropriate levels of bio-activators in producing organic liquid fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48446004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.120-126
Veza Azteria, Ernalinda Rosya
Introduction: As a drinking water provider, refill drinking water station must comply with hygiene and sanitation standards for water quality, including the microbiological value standard for clean water. This study was conducted to determine the microbial levels in refill drinking water station and analyze the drinking water quality based on sanitation hygiene observations. Methods: The study included laboratory test methods, cross-sectional analysis tests, and a descriptive analysis. Drinking water sampling and sanitation observations were performed using the total sampling technique on 17 water station. As much as 100 ml of drinking water samples were taken directly from the faucet to refill water with a sterile bottle container. Sanitary hygiene was studied through interviews using an observation sheet. Results and Discussion: The most bacteria were found at 108 per 100ml in Escherichia coli parameters and 866 per 100ml in coliform parameters in the station water samples with the Station 8 (SK) code. The interviews showed that seven station did not meet the criteria for good sanitation hygiene. Conclusion: Sanitary hygiene is carried out to reduce or eliminate bacterial contamination in drinking water. Observations and laboratory tests show that good sanitation is related to drinking water quality.
{"title":"Drinking Water Quality of Water Refill Station in Gebang Raya Tanggerang","authors":"Veza Azteria, Ernalinda Rosya","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.120-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.120-126","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: As a drinking water provider, refill drinking water station must comply with hygiene and sanitation standards for water quality, including the microbiological value standard for clean water. This study was conducted to determine the microbial levels in refill drinking water station and analyze the drinking water quality based on sanitation hygiene observations. Methods: The study included laboratory test methods, cross-sectional analysis tests, and a descriptive analysis. Drinking water sampling and sanitation observations were performed using the total sampling technique on 17 water station. As much as 100 ml of drinking water samples were taken directly from the faucet to refill water with a sterile bottle container. Sanitary hygiene was studied through interviews using an observation sheet. Results and Discussion: The most bacteria were found at 108 per 100ml in Escherichia coli parameters and 866 per 100ml in coliform parameters in the station water samples with the Station 8 (SK) code. The interviews showed that seven station did not meet the criteria for good sanitation hygiene. Conclusion: Sanitary hygiene is carried out to reduce or eliminate bacterial contamination in drinking water. Observations and laboratory tests show that good sanitation is related to drinking water quality.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.67-75
Ni Luh Putu Putri Setianingsih, Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa, Gede Yohanes Arygunartha, Sang Ayu Made Agung Prasetiawati Djelantik, I Wayan Winduyasa
Introduction: Caring for the environment means participating in preserving the environment as well as possible, one concern for the environment is regarding the development of the use of natural materials. This is done to ensure the safety of consumers' use of herbal medicinal products or food products. One of the plants that are often used for traditional medicine is the legundi plant (Vitex trifolia L.). Legundi leaf essential oil is used for humans for environmental health and food products. Methods: Samples of legundi leaves were collected in stages from the Sukawati Gianyar area. Furthermore, essential oil isolation was carried out using the maceration method, then a shrimp larvae toxicity test was carried out, then analysis was carried out by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results and Discussion: Toxicity test analysis show that the essential oil of legundi leaves has an LC50 value of 51,541 ppm, so it can be said that legundi leaf essential oil is toxic. GC results obtained eight chromatogram peaks. Of the eight peaks, there was one peak of the compound with 41.77% of the high area, namely the compound furan-2-carboxaldehyde. Conclusion: Legundi leaf essential oil is toxic, so this finding is important for developing science in environmental health and food product development. Environmental Health is used to increase public knowledge in the field of the utilization of food products.
{"title":"Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Legundi Leaf Essential Oil Toxicity (Vitex Trifolia L.)","authors":"Ni Luh Putu Putri Setianingsih, Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa, Gede Yohanes Arygunartha, Sang Ayu Made Agung Prasetiawati Djelantik, I Wayan Winduyasa","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.67-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.67-75","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Caring for the environment means participating in preserving the environment as well as possible, one concern for the environment is regarding the development of the use of natural materials. This is done to ensure the safety of consumers' use of herbal medicinal products or food products. One of the plants that are often used for traditional medicine is the legundi plant (Vitex trifolia L.). Legundi leaf essential oil is used for humans for environmental health and food products. Methods: Samples of legundi leaves were collected in stages from the Sukawati Gianyar area. Furthermore, essential oil isolation was carried out using the maceration method, then a shrimp larvae toxicity test was carried out, then analysis was carried out by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results and Discussion: Toxicity test analysis show that the essential oil of legundi leaves has an LC50 value of 51,541 ppm, so it can be said that legundi leaf essential oil is toxic. GC results obtained eight chromatogram peaks. Of the eight peaks, there was one peak of the compound with 41.77% of the high area, namely the compound furan-2-carboxaldehyde. Conclusion: Legundi leaf essential oil is toxic, so this finding is important for developing science in environmental health and food product development. Environmental Health is used to increase public knowledge in the field of the utilization of food products.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.1-15
Viddina Xyquizintya Maroef, Retno Adriyani, I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra
Introduction: According to the results of a survey published in 2022, mobile phone users have reached two-thirds (67.1%) of the world population. This number has increased by 1.8% over the past year, which is equivalent to 95 million new mobile users. However, gadgets are often misused and can cause a health problem called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of ocular CVS symptoms among school and college students. Discussion: This study was conducted using the literature review method. The main sources for this study were articles obtained through the selection process by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that from a total of 1,763 articles found, 27 articles met the predetermined criteria. A total of 18 of the 27 articles (66.7%) had college student as respondents, and 24 of the 27 articles used cross-sectional research methods (88.9%). In this study, 16 CVS ocular symptoms were found. The risk factors for CVS were individual characteristics (students aged under 18 years and students aged 18–25 years, and gadget users with contact lenses or glasses), smartphone users, individual habits, and ambient lighting while operating gadgets. Conclusions: This study concludes that students are at risk of experiencing CVS if they do not support gadget use with habits such as implementing rest periods between activities using gadgets.
{"title":"Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Review of Ocular Causes Among School and College Students","authors":"Viddina Xyquizintya Maroef, Retno Adriyani, I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.1-15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: According to the results of a survey published in 2022, mobile phone users have reached two-thirds (67.1%) of the world population. This number has increased by 1.8% over the past year, which is equivalent to 95 million new mobile users. However, gadgets are often misused and can cause a health problem called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of ocular CVS symptoms among school and college students. Discussion: This study was conducted using the literature review method. The main sources for this study were articles obtained through the selection process by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that from a total of 1,763 articles found, 27 articles met the predetermined criteria. A total of 18 of the 27 articles (66.7%) had college student as respondents, and 24 of the 27 articles used cross-sectional research methods (88.9%). In this study, 16 CVS ocular symptoms were found. The risk factors for CVS were individual characteristics (students aged under 18 years and students aged 18–25 years, and gadget users with contact lenses or glasses), smartphone users, individual habits, and ambient lighting while operating gadgets. Conclusions: This study concludes that students are at risk of experiencing CVS if they do not support gadget use with habits such as implementing rest periods between activities using gadgets.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42092781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.27-36
D. B. Unggul, Khomaria Nurul Ainy, R. Jannah
Introduction: Humans rely heavily on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) facilities. Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes ensuring communities possess universal access to clean water and sanitation. Because WASH is tremendously crucial in schools, the objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive profile of regional inequalities based on the availability of WASH indicators through cluster analysis. Methods: This study administered cross-sectional data from 514 regencies/cities in Indonesia with three variables, i.e. percentage of access to water, sanitation, and hygiene at public and private elementary schools. The profiling was performed by conducting K-means clustering method. Results and Discussion: Public and private schools were examined separately as the p-value in the difference test was less than 0.05. In accordance with the silhouette plot, the optimal number of clusters was two for each category. For the public-school category, the number of regencies/cities in Cluster 1 was 380 regencies/cities and 134 regencies/cities were in Cluster 2. For the private school category, Cluster 1 incorporated 418 regencies/cities and Cluster 2 merely encompassed 96 regencies/cities. Conclusion: Two clusters for each type of school had been established with Cluster 1 consisting of areas with high availability of WASH facilities while areas in Cluster 2 possessed a relatively low percentage in the three WASH indicators. There were 66 regencies/cities, generally located in eastern Indonesian provinces, grouped in Cluster 2 for both types of schools.
{"title":"Profiling the Inequality of School Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Facilities Among Indonesian Regions Using Cluster Analysis","authors":"D. B. Unggul, Khomaria Nurul Ainy, R. Jannah","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Humans rely heavily on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) facilities. Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes ensuring communities possess universal access to clean water and sanitation. Because WASH is tremendously crucial in schools, the objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive profile of regional inequalities based on the availability of WASH indicators through cluster analysis. Methods: This study administered cross-sectional data from 514 regencies/cities in Indonesia with three variables, i.e. percentage of access to water, sanitation, and hygiene at public and private elementary schools. The profiling was performed by conducting K-means clustering method. Results and Discussion: Public and private schools were examined separately as the p-value in the difference test was less than 0.05. In accordance with the silhouette plot, the optimal number of clusters was two for each category. For the public-school category, the number of regencies/cities in Cluster 1 was 380 regencies/cities and 134 regencies/cities were in Cluster 2. For the private school category, Cluster 1 incorporated 418 regencies/cities and Cluster 2 merely encompassed 96 regencies/cities. Conclusion: Two clusters for each type of school had been established with Cluster 1 consisting of areas with high availability of WASH facilities while areas in Cluster 2 possessed a relatively low percentage in the three WASH indicators. There were 66 regencies/cities, generally located in eastern Indonesian provinces, grouped in Cluster 2 for both types of schools.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44621115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: At the end of December 2020, there were 93,035 Covid19 cases reported in Central Java. The spatial analysis is useful for assessing the association of environmental and health services factors with new Covid19 cases. Methods: This study was conducted to identify a spatial autocorrelation between environmental conditions and health services on new Covid19 cases in Central Java Province in 2020. The data were obtained from Central Java Profile Published in 2021 with a cross-sectional design. This autocorrelation regression technique was used to determine the relationship between districts/cities for new Covid19 cases. The independent variables in this study were environmental factors such as access to quality drinking water, access to quality sanitation, percentage of Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages, and percentage of healthy food management places. In addition, the independent variables also covered health service factors such as the number of public health centers, hospitals, medical personnel, and population density. Results and Discussion: The findings found that in Central Java province, the factors that influenced new Covid19 cases included population density (p-value 0.0001; Morran I -0.032) and the number of medical personnel (p-value 0.0001; Morrans I 0.021). Conclusion: The new cases of Covid19 in Central Java Province formed a clustered pattern. Factors significantly influencing the regression test are population density and the number of medical personnel. Besides that, spatial autocorrelation was also found in other variables in this study but was not significant.
截至2020年12月底，中爪哇省共报告了93035例covid - 19病例。空间分析有助于评估环境和卫生服务因素与新冠肺炎病例的关联。方法:本研究旨在确定2020年中爪哇省新冠肺炎病例环境条件与卫生服务之间的空间自相关性。数据来自2021年发布的中央Java概况，采用横断面设计。利用自相关回归技术确定新发病例区/市之间的关系。本研究的自变量为环境因素，如获得优质饮用水、获得优质卫生设施、无露天排便(ODF)村的百分比和健康食品管理场所的百分比。此外，自变量还包括公共卫生中心、医院、医务人员和人口密度等卫生服务因素。结果与讨论:结果发现，在中爪哇省，影响新发病例的因素包括人口密度(p值0.0001;Morran I -0.032)和医务人员人数(p值0.0001;莫兰斯(0.021)。结论:中爪哇省新发病例呈聚集性分布。对回归检验有显著影响的因素是人口密度和医务人员数量。除此之外，本研究中其他变量也存在空间自相关，但不显著。
{"title":"Environmental and Health Services Factors Associated with New Covid19 Case in Central Java Province: A Spatial Analysis","authors":"Sidiq Purwoko, Yeny Yulistanti, Diyan Ermawan Effendy, Afi Nursafingi, Ina Kusrini","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.37-45","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: At the end of December 2020, there were 93,035 Covid19 cases reported in Central Java. The spatial analysis is useful for assessing the association of environmental and health services factors with new Covid19 cases. Methods: This study was conducted to identify a spatial autocorrelation between environmental conditions and health services on new Covid19 cases in Central Java Province in 2020. The data were obtained from Central Java Profile Published in 2021 with a cross-sectional design. This autocorrelation regression technique was used to determine the relationship between districts/cities for new Covid19 cases. The independent variables in this study were environmental factors such as access to quality drinking water, access to quality sanitation, percentage of Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages, and percentage of healthy food management places. In addition, the independent variables also covered health service factors such as the number of public health centers, hospitals, medical personnel, and population density. Results and Discussion: The findings found that in Central Java province, the factors that influenced new Covid19 cases included population density (p-value 0.0001; Morran I -0.032) and the number of medical personnel (p-value 0.0001; Morrans I 0.021). Conclusion: The new cases of Covid19 in Central Java Province formed a clustered pattern. Factors significantly influencing the regression test are population density and the number of medical personnel. Besides that, spatial autocorrelation was also found in other variables in this study but was not significant.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.16-26
Z. Husnina, Kinley Wangdi, Tities Puspita, S. Praveena, Zhao Ni
Introduction: Jakarta has recorded heightened air pollution for years, and particulate matter (PM10) is one of the pollutants that could bring health burden in population. This study described the distribution of PM10 as well as analysed the correlation with meteorological parameters during 2020–2021 in Jakarta Province. Methods: Air quality standard index daily data from January 1st 2020 to March 31st 2021 was retrieved from the official data portal (https://data.jakarta.go.id/). The Spearman Rank correlation was employed to understand the correlation between PM10 Index with meteorological factors. Autoregressive Integrative Moving Average (ARIMA) model was constructed and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) selected the model. Cross-correlation analysis explored the association between PM10 with meteorological parameters at multiple time lags. Results and Discussion: PM10 Index started to increase in April 2020 and reached its peak in August 2020. PM10 was positively correlated with temperature (p-value <0.05, R2: 0.134), but it was negatively correlated with humidity and wind speed (p-value <0.05, R2: -0.392 and -0.129). The high cross-correlation coefficients were found between PM10 and temperature at lag 0, humidity at lag 1 and wind speed at lag 1 (rho: 0.42, -0.38 and -0.24). The time series model ARIMA with parameter (p,d,q) (1,1,1) describes the fluctuation of PM10 index data with AIC 3552.75. Conclusion: PM10 concentration in Jakarta is significantly correlated with meteorological factors. The implementation of social restriction in Jakarta need to be supported by pollution control in the neighbouring areas in order to be able to reduce PM10 pollution level.
导读:雅加达多年来空气污染严重，颗粒物(PM10)是可能给人口带来健康负担的污染物之一。本研究描述了2020-2021年雅加达省PM10的分布，并分析了其与气象参数的相关性。方法:从官方数据门户网站(https://data.jakarta.go.id/)检索2020年1月1日至2021年3月31日的空气质量标准指数每日数据。采用Spearman秩相关分析PM10指数与气象因子的相关性。构建自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)模型，采用赤池信息准则(Akaike Information Criterion, AIC)选择模型。互相关分析探讨了PM10与气象参数在多个时间滞后的关系。结果与讨论:PM10指数从2020年4月开始上升，到2020年8月达到峰值。PM10与气温呈显著正相关(p值<0.05,R2: 0.134)，与湿度、风速呈显著负相关(p值<0.05,R2: -0.392、-0.129)。PM10与滞后0时的温度、滞后1时的湿度和滞后1时的风速具有较高的相关系数(rho分别为0.42、-0.38和-0.24)。参数为(p,d,q)(1,1,1)的时间序列模型ARIMA以AIC 3552.75描述PM10指数数据的波动。结论:雅加达市PM10浓度与气象因子有显著相关。在雅加达实施社会限制需要得到邻近地区污染控制的支持，以便能够降低PM10污染水平。
{"title":"Profiling Temporal Pattern of Particulate Matter (PM10) and Meteorological Parameters in Jakarta Province during 2020-2021","authors":"Z. Husnina, Kinley Wangdi, Tities Puspita, S. Praveena, Zhao Ni","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.16-26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Jakarta has recorded heightened air pollution for years, and particulate matter (PM10) is one of the pollutants that could bring health burden in population. This study described the distribution of PM10 as well as analysed the correlation with meteorological parameters during 2020–2021 in Jakarta Province. Methods: Air quality standard index daily data from January 1st 2020 to March 31st 2021 was retrieved from the official data portal (https://data.jakarta.go.id/). The Spearman Rank correlation was employed to understand the correlation between PM10 Index with meteorological factors. Autoregressive Integrative Moving Average (ARIMA) model was constructed and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) selected the model. Cross-correlation analysis explored the association between PM10 with meteorological parameters at multiple time lags. Results and Discussion: PM10 Index started to increase in April 2020 and reached its peak in August 2020. PM10 was positively correlated with temperature (p-value <0.05, R2: 0.134), but it was negatively correlated with humidity and wind speed (p-value <0.05, R2: -0.392 and -0.129). The high cross-correlation coefficients were found between PM10 and temperature at lag 0, humidity at lag 1 and wind speed at lag 1 (rho: 0.42, -0.38 and -0.24). The time series model ARIMA with parameter (p,d,q) (1,1,1) describes the fluctuation of PM10 index data with AIC 3552.75. Conclusion: PM10 concentration in Jakarta is significantly correlated with meteorological factors. The implementation of social restriction in Jakarta need to be supported by pollution control in the neighbouring areas in order to be able to reduce PM10 pollution level.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43474852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.46-55
Diinii Haniifah, Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo, Dwi Nowo Martono
Introduction: People prefer to use groundwater for daily needs to piped water in Indonesia. However, population growth and the construction of residential homes can hugely affect the quality of groundwater. The study aims to examine the relationship between groundwater quality and its influencing factors. Methods: This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a survey method. Primary and secondary data were required in this study. The variables examined in this study were groundwater quality as seen from its biological parameters and influencing factors which consisted of internal and external factors. Results and Discussion: The results show that the highest coliform bacteria content was found in Cipinang Melayu at 200 MPN/100 mL concentrations in 2019 and 2020, as well as 100 MPN/100 mL in 2021, followed by Pinang Ranti. The highest coliform content was discovered in Halim Perdana Kusuma well number 3 at 50 MPN/100 mL concentration. Groundwater contains coliform because of internal influencing factors as well as external factors. Coliform content and its influence factors were both significantly correlated with a P-value < 0.05 (correlation coefficient = 0.201 for internal factors; correlation coefficient = -0.144 for external factors). The groundwater quality and internal factors were correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.634; meanwhile, the groundwater quality was significantly correlated with external factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.656. Conclusion: Groundwater quality was not aligned with standards for drinking water as evaluated from the biological parameters. Both internal and external factors influence the Total coliform content.
{"title":"Evaluation of Factors and Biological Parameters of the Groundwater in Makasar Subdistrict, East Jakarta","authors":"Diinii Haniifah, Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo, Dwi Nowo Martono","doi":"10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.46-55","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: People prefer to use groundwater for daily needs to piped water in Indonesia. However, population growth and the construction of residential homes can hugely affect the quality of groundwater. The study aims to examine the relationship between groundwater quality and its influencing factors. Methods: This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a survey method. Primary and secondary data were required in this study. The variables examined in this study were groundwater quality as seen from its biological parameters and influencing factors which consisted of internal and external factors. Results and Discussion: The results show that the highest coliform bacteria content was found in Cipinang Melayu at 200 MPN/100 mL concentrations in 2019 and 2020, as well as 100 MPN/100 mL in 2021, followed by Pinang Ranti. The highest coliform content was discovered in Halim Perdana Kusuma well number 3 at 50 MPN/100 mL concentration. Groundwater contains coliform because of internal influencing factors as well as external factors. Coliform content and its influence factors were both significantly correlated with a P-value < 0.05 (correlation coefficient = 0.201 for internal factors; correlation coefficient = -0.144 for external factors). The groundwater quality and internal factors were correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.634; meanwhile, the groundwater quality was significantly correlated with external factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.656. Conclusion: Groundwater quality was not aligned with standards for drinking water as evaluated from the biological parameters. Both internal and external factors influence the Total coliform content.","PeriodicalId":32974,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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