Dewi Paskalia Andi Djawaria, A. P. Setiadi, E. Setiawan
The selling practice of antibiotics without prescription is one of serious problems in the global health sector, especially in the developing countries. Nevertheless, the significant driver of such pratices had never been identified yet. The aim of this study was to identify the contributing factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription in the drug stores (apotek). The identification was conducted using a new developed questionnaire. The contributing factors of such practices, found in the literature, were used to develop the questionnaire. The face and content validity were conducted using expert opinion, while the construct validity was conducted using the Spearman correlation test. The reliability of the questionnaire was identified using Cronbach’s Alpha test. The dominant factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription was identified by using descriptive analysis and the factor analysis methods. The final questionnaire consisted of 40 questions and the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha and the calculated R were 0.955 and 0.368-0.867, consecutively. There were 91 workers of apotek in Surabaya who were involved in the contributing factors identification process. Findings of the factor analysis emphasized that the most dominant factor was the attitude of workers that allowed the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (28.3%). The financial issue was found as the second most dominant factors causing the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (8.66%). Owing to these identified factors, there is a need to make a regulation with a strict punishment in order to prevent the habit of selling and purchasing the antibiotics without prescription in the apotek in Surabaya.
{"title":"Questionnaire Development and Identification of Factors Contributing to Non-Prescription Antibiotic Selling Behavior in Surabaya Community Setting","authors":"Dewi Paskalia Andi Djawaria, A. P. Setiadi, E. Setiawan","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.36366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.36366","url":null,"abstract":"The selling practice of antibiotics without prescription is one of serious problems in the global health sector, especially in the developing countries. Nevertheless, the significant driver of such pratices had never been identified yet. The aim of this study was to identify the contributing factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription in the drug stores (apotek). The identification was conducted using a new developed questionnaire. The contributing factors of such practices, found in the literature, were used to develop the questionnaire. The face and content validity were conducted using expert opinion, while the construct validity was conducted using the Spearman correlation test. The reliability of the questionnaire was identified using Cronbach’s Alpha test. The dominant factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription was identified by using descriptive analysis and the factor analysis methods. The final questionnaire consisted of 40 questions and the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha and the calculated R were 0.955 and 0.368-0.867, consecutively. There were 91 workers of apotek in Surabaya who were involved in the contributing factors identification process. Findings of the factor analysis emphasized that the most dominant factor was the attitude of workers that allowed the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (28.3%). The financial issue was found as the second most dominant factors causing the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (8.66%). Owing to these identified factors, there is a need to make a regulation with a strict punishment in order to prevent the habit of selling and purchasing the antibiotics without prescription in the apotek in Surabaya.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49495206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhaler is the most preferable device to deliver medication in order to treat asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Incorrect usage of inhaler influences the clinical effectiveness of the delivered drug. A pilot study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of inhaler handling technique among asthma and COPD patients. As many as 92 subjects whom diagnosed with asthma and COPD, aged between 18 to 64 years old were observed in this cross-sectional study. Consenting subjects on inhaler, who attended medical out patients clinic at a primary health care unit in Selangor, Malaysia were asked to demonstrate on how they use the inhaler while an inhaler administration checklist were used to assess each patients inhaler technique. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Of total 92 patients, a total of 155 devices were used. Only 4 out of 92 patients correctly handles the device (4.3%). In average, a patient made approximately >4 mistakes during pMDI inhalation and >2 mistakes during DPI inhalation. The most common mistake found among pMDI, Turbuhaler and Accuhaler users were unable to hold the breath for approximately 5 seconds in which comprise of ≥80% patients. In conclusion, majority of asthma and COPD patients use their inhaler inaccurately. Patients prescribed by inhalation medications should have routine assessment of their inhaler technique at every visit and corrected if found to be poor.
{"title":"Evaluating Inhaler Use Technique among Asthma and COPD Patients at a Primary Health Care Unit: A Pilot Study in Selangor Malaysia","authors":"Z. Zazuli, K. Ramasamy, I. Adnyana","doi":"10.22146/jmpf.33829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.33829","url":null,"abstract":"Inhaler is the most preferable device to deliver medication in order to treat asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Incorrect usage of inhaler influences the clinical effectiveness of the delivered drug. A pilot study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of inhaler handling technique among asthma and COPD patients. As many as 92 subjects whom diagnosed with asthma and COPD, aged between 18 to 64 years old were observed in this cross-sectional study. Consenting subjects on inhaler, who attended medical out patients clinic at a primary health care unit in Selangor, Malaysia were asked to demonstrate on how they use the inhaler while an inhaler administration checklist were used to assess each patients inhaler technique. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Of total 92 patients, a total of 155 devices were used. Only 4 out of 92 patients correctly handles the device (4.3%). In average, a patient made approximately >4 mistakes during pMDI inhalation and >2 mistakes during DPI inhalation. The most common mistake found among pMDI, Turbuhaler and Accuhaler users were unable to hold the breath for approximately 5 seconds in which comprise of ≥80% patients. In conclusion, majority of asthma and COPD patients use their inhaler inaccurately. Patients prescribed by inhalation medications should have routine assessment of their inhaler technique at every visit and corrected if found to be poor.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42349970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by virus transmitted through Aedes aegypty. The high incidence dengue fever can lead to increased healthcare costs. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness and direct cost of medical patients dengue fever without shock use fluid therapy by comparing crystalloid and crystalloid colloid combination. The subjects were 171 patients divided into two groups: 106 patients with crystalloid and 65 patients with crystalloid colloid combination. Assessed of effectiveness treatment and the mean medical costs. The results showed reviewed from hematocrit value no difference (p>0.05) in both study groups. The mean total cost of treatment for crystalloid Rp 4.005.223, the crystalloid colloid combination Rp 5.525.407. The highest cost of drug costs was 31.75% of the total cost crystalloid, 40.9% of the total cost crystalloid colloid combination. There was a significant difference between mean cost and two study groups (p0.05) with effectiveness treatment. Conclusion crystalloid have the same effectiveness as crystalloid colloid combination fluids at lower costs.
{"title":"Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Crystalloid and Crystaloid-Colloid Combination on Dengue Fever without Shok in Bhakti Asih General Hospital Tangerang","authors":"Suratni Suratni, Y. Anggriani, Agusdini Banun","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.33367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.33367","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by virus transmitted through Aedes aegypty. The high incidence dengue fever can lead to increased healthcare costs. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness and direct cost of medical patients dengue fever without shock use fluid therapy by comparing crystalloid and crystalloid colloid combination. The subjects were 171 patients divided into two groups: 106 patients with crystalloid and 65 patients with crystalloid colloid combination. Assessed of effectiveness treatment and the mean medical costs. The results showed reviewed from hematocrit value no difference (p>0.05) in both study groups. The mean total cost of treatment for crystalloid Rp 4.005.223, the crystalloid colloid combination Rp 5.525.407. The highest cost of drug costs was 31.75% of the total cost crystalloid, 40.9% of the total cost crystalloid colloid combination. There was a significant difference between mean cost and two study groups (p0.05) with effectiveness treatment. Conclusion crystalloid have the same effectiveness as crystalloid colloid combination fluids at lower costs.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Cholisoh, Hidayah Karuniawati, Tanti Azizah, Zaenab Zaenab, Laila Nur Hekmah
Stroke is cardiovascular disease that causes the world's highest disability and is the most prevalence disease after heart disease and cancer. Stroke is caused by circulatory disorders with 80% of the sufferers are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 20% of them are diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Patients who survive from the first stroke have high risk to have recurrent stroke. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Syaraf Indonesia recommend secondary stroke prevention therapy including antiplatelet/anticoagulant, antihypertensive agents, and antidislipidemia to minimalize the risk of recurrent stroke. Secondary stroke prevention therapy is only the first step. Patients need to be adhere to those therapies. The non-adherence will increase the risk of recurrent stroke. The study aimed to determine factors which causing the non-adherence to secondary prevention therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. This was a case control study with concecutive sampling method by interviewing patients who met the inclusion criterias i.e., had been diagnosed and were inpatients due to ischemic stroke, but in the time of interview patients were outpatients, patients were able to communicate and agree to participate in the study.Data was analized by bivariate / chi square test and multivariate logistic regression test. During the study period, 184 respondents met the inclusion criterias. Factors affecting non-adherence in the use of secondary prevention therapy were No one reminded to take medicine p = 0.03; OR 4.51, denial of the disease p = 0,036 OR 214, and tired of taking medicine p = 0,045 OR 1,97.
中风是导致世界上残疾率最高的心血管疾病，也是仅次于心脏病和癌症的最常见疾病。中风是由循环系统疾病引起的，80%的患者被诊断为缺血性中风，20%的患者被确诊为出血性中风。从第一次中风中幸存下来的患者复发中风的风险很高。美国心脏协会/美国中风协会和印度尼西亚Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Syaraf建议进行二次中风预防治疗，包括抗血小板/抗凝剂、抗高血压药物和抗脂血症，以将复发性中风的风险降至最低。二级脑卒中预防治疗只是第一步。患者需要坚持这些疗法。不坚持会增加复发性中风的风险。本研究旨在确定缺血性脑卒中患者不坚持二级预防治疗的因素。这是一项采用连续抽样方法的病例对照研究，通过访谈符合纳入标准的患者，即已被诊断为缺血性中风住院患者，但在访谈时，患者是门诊患者，患者能够沟通并同意参与研究。数据采用双变量/卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归检验进行分析。在研究期间，184名受访者符合纳入标准。影响二级预防治疗不依从性的因素是：没有人被提醒服药p=0.03；OR 4.51，否认疾病p=0036 OR 214，厌倦服药p=0045 OR 1,97。
{"title":"Factors Affecting Non-Adherence to Secondary Stroke Prevention Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients","authors":"Z. Cholisoh, Hidayah Karuniawati, Tanti Azizah, Zaenab Zaenab, Laila Nur Hekmah","doi":"10.22146/jmpf.34434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.34434","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is cardiovascular disease that causes the world's highest disability and is the most prevalence disease after heart disease and cancer. Stroke is caused by circulatory disorders with 80% of the sufferers are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 20% of them are diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Patients who survive from the first stroke have high risk to have recurrent stroke. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association and Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Syaraf Indonesia recommend secondary stroke prevention therapy including antiplatelet/anticoagulant, antihypertensive agents, and antidislipidemia to minimalize the risk of recurrent stroke. Secondary stroke prevention therapy is only the first step. Patients need to be adhere to those therapies. The non-adherence will increase the risk of recurrent stroke. The study aimed to determine factors which causing the non-adherence to secondary prevention therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. This was a case control study with concecutive sampling method by interviewing patients who met the inclusion criterias i.e., had been diagnosed and were inpatients due to ischemic stroke, but in the time of interview patients were outpatients, patients were able to communicate and agree to participate in the study.Data was analized by bivariate / chi square test and multivariate logistic regression test. During the study period, 184 respondents met the inclusion criterias. Factors affecting non-adherence in the use of secondary prevention therapy were No one reminded to take medicine p = 0.03; OR 4.51, denial of the disease p = 0,036 OR 214, and tired of taking medicine p = 0,045 OR 1,97.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48266916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hardika Aditama, A. Saputri, D. Fadhilah, K. Mayningrum, A. Sawitri, W. A. Pratiwi, I. N. Pristhifani
Pharmacist is a profession whose existence is needed by community. However, within the community of pharmacy itself, the presence of pharmacist is quite alarming. One of the causes of low pharmacist who desire to practice in the community of pharmacy is the low level of professional fee offered. This study aimed to describe professional fee received by pharmacist and the workload of pharmacist in Sleman. This study was a descriptive non-experimental that was conducted in Sleman in August 2017. Population of this study was a pharmacist who practiced in community of pharmacy in Sleman. Total of 170 respondents from 128 pharmacies were involved in this research. However, 6 questionnaires cannot be analyzed because it is not completely filled. The highest amount of professional fee is between Rp 2.000.000-Rp 3.000.000. Almost all respondents (78%) stated the amount of professional fee that was received was not as expected. The workload of pharmacists is not so heavy and most of the patient are self medication. Pharmacists at the community of pharmacy should be able to show a better work performace, which is shown by increasing pharmacy revenues to get a better rewards.
{"title":"Description of Professional Fee for Pharmacist in Sleman","authors":"Hardika Aditama, A. Saputri, D. Fadhilah, K. Mayningrum, A. Sawitri, W. A. Pratiwi, I. N. Pristhifani","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.34062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.34062","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacist is a profession whose existence is needed by community. However, within the community of pharmacy itself, the presence of pharmacist is quite alarming. One of the causes of low pharmacist who desire to practice in the community of pharmacy is the low level of professional fee offered. This study aimed to describe professional fee received by pharmacist and the workload of pharmacist in Sleman. This study was a descriptive non-experimental that was conducted in Sleman in August 2017. Population of this study was a pharmacist who practiced in community of pharmacy in Sleman. Total of 170 respondents from 128 pharmacies were involved in this research. However, 6 questionnaires cannot be analyzed because it is not completely filled. The highest amount of professional fee is between Rp 2.000.000-Rp 3.000.000. Almost all respondents (78%) stated the amount of professional fee that was received was not as expected. The workload of pharmacists is not so heavy and most of the patient are self medication. Pharmacists at the community of pharmacy should be able to show a better work performace, which is shown by increasing pharmacy revenues to get a better rewards.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49400654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clarentia Dwivani, H. Herlina, Karina Harijadi, Budianto Budianto, Rita Suhadi
Cardiovascular disease is the highest cause of death with total of 17.5 million deaths in the world. Nowadays there have beenexists many methods to calculate the risk of cardiovascular disease within the next 10 years, 5 of them are Framingham Risk Score (FRS) BMI and Cholesterol, Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), CV Risk Calculator, and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). The aim of this study waiss to compare the 5 methods of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease based on mean values, risk categories, and statin recommendation. This observational analytic study was done with cross-sectional design. There were 169 respondents in Sleman, Yogyakarta who participated to this study. Normality of risk measurement data was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and comparative test was performed using Repeated ANOVA. Both proportion of risk categorization and statin therapy was calculated using the Marginal Homogeneity test. The average risk of FRS (BMI and Cholesterol), PCE, CV Risk Calculator, and SCORE were 14,6±11,7% (medium risk), 13,3±11,3% (medium risk), 6,8±6,4% (medium risk), 6,8±6,4% (medium risk), and 2,6±3,5% (medium risk). There were significant differences from the comparison between among methods on mean values and risk categories (p <0.01), except on PCE with FRS BMI (p=0.11) and PCE with CVRiskcalculator (p = 1.00). Comparison of statin therapy recommendation among FRS Cholesterol with PCE, FRS Cholesterol with SCORE, and PCE with FRS BMI methods showed significant differences (p <0.01), whereas FRS Cholesterol with FRS BMI and PCE with SCORE were not significantly different (p = 0,06 and p = 0,05).
{"title":"Five Methods Comparison of 10 Years Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation in the Community in Sleman-Yogyakarta","authors":"Clarentia Dwivani, H. Herlina, Karina Harijadi, Budianto Budianto, Rita Suhadi","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.34469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.34469","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is the highest cause of death with total of 17.5 million deaths in the world. Nowadays there have beenexists many methods to calculate the risk of cardiovascular disease within the next 10 years, 5 of them are Framingham Risk Score (FRS) BMI and Cholesterol, Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), CV Risk Calculator, and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). The aim of this study waiss to compare the 5 methods of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease based on mean values, risk categories, and statin recommendation. This observational analytic study was done with cross-sectional design. There were 169 respondents in Sleman, Yogyakarta who participated to this study. Normality of risk measurement data was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and comparative test was performed using Repeated ANOVA. Both proportion of risk categorization and statin therapy was calculated using the Marginal Homogeneity test. The average risk of FRS (BMI and Cholesterol), PCE, CV Risk Calculator, and SCORE were 14,6±11,7% (medium risk), 13,3±11,3% (medium risk), 6,8±6,4% (medium risk), 6,8±6,4% (medium risk), and 2,6±3,5% (medium risk). There were significant differences from the comparison between among methods on mean values and risk categories (p <0.01), except on PCE with FRS BMI (p=0.11) and PCE with CVRiskcalculator (p = 1.00). Comparison of statin therapy recommendation among FRS Cholesterol with PCE, FRS Cholesterol with SCORE, and PCE with FRS BMI methods showed significant differences (p <0.01), whereas FRS Cholesterol with FRS BMI and PCE with SCORE were not significantly different (p = 0,06 and p = 0,05).","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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