B. Ridwan, Susi Ari Kristina, Chairun Wiedyaningsih
Pengeluaran untuk obat-obat yang diresepkan dan obat yang dijual bebas merupakan persentase besar dari total biaya perawatan kesehatan. Pasien mungkin tidak dapat menggunakan semua obat yang diperoleh dari pengobatan karena perubahan dosis atau obat-obat yang telah kedaluwarsa. Hal ini diperkirakan memiliki konsekuensi terhadap finansial. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan dan kedaluwarsa pada kalangan rumah tangga Kota Yogyakarta.Jenis Penelitian ini yaitu observatif dengan rancangan studi cross sectional. Responden dipilih secara convenience sampling dan diwawancara langsung dan mendata obat-obat yang disimpan di rumah. Data dianalisis dan dipersentasikan secara deskriptif.Dari 400 responden, hanya 261 (65,2%) yang menyimpan obat terdiri dari obat sedang digunakan dan persediaan, obat tidak digunakan dan obat kedaluwarsa dengan total harga sebesar Rp7.082.556. Total harga obat tidak digunakan sebesar Rp1.273.921 (18%) dengan rata-rata Rp13.698 per orang sedangkan obat kedaluwarsa hanya berharga Rp140.065 (2%) dengan rata-rata Rp12.733. Berdasarkan kelas terapi, jumlah obat tidak digunakan paling banyak adalah analgesik (28,6%), sistem respirasi (13,7%), dan antimikroba (11,9%), sedangkan obat kedaluwarsa utamanya analgesik, saluran cerna dan antiseptik masing-masing (18,8%). Nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan dan kedaluwarsa pada kalangan rumah tangga dari penelitian ini relatif kecil. Penelitian ini dapat berfungsi dalam program edukasi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan penggunaan obat secara tepat dan efisien agar dapat dilakukan penghematan biaya kesehatan yang dikeluarkan.Kata Kunci: Obat tidak digunakan, obat kedaluwarsa, biaya
{"title":"Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi Obat Tidak Digunakan pada Kalangan Rumah Tangga Kota Yogyakarta","authors":"B. Ridwan, Susi Ari Kristina, Chairun Wiedyaningsih","doi":"10.22146/jmpf.42984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.42984","url":null,"abstract":"Pengeluaran untuk obat-obat yang diresepkan dan obat yang dijual bebas merupakan persentase besar dari total biaya perawatan kesehatan. Pasien mungkin tidak dapat menggunakan semua obat yang diperoleh dari pengobatan karena perubahan dosis atau obat-obat yang telah kedaluwarsa. Hal ini diperkirakan memiliki konsekuensi terhadap finansial. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan dan kedaluwarsa pada kalangan rumah tangga Kota Yogyakarta.Jenis Penelitian ini yaitu observatif dengan rancangan studi cross sectional. Responden dipilih secara convenience sampling dan diwawancara langsung dan mendata obat-obat yang disimpan di rumah. Data dianalisis dan dipersentasikan secara deskriptif.Dari 400 responden, hanya 261 (65,2%) yang menyimpan obat terdiri dari obat sedang digunakan dan persediaan, obat tidak digunakan dan obat kedaluwarsa dengan total harga sebesar Rp7.082.556. Total harga obat tidak digunakan sebesar Rp1.273.921 (18%) dengan rata-rata Rp13.698 per orang sedangkan obat kedaluwarsa hanya berharga Rp140.065 (2%) dengan rata-rata Rp12.733. Berdasarkan kelas terapi, jumlah obat tidak digunakan paling banyak adalah analgesik (28,6%), sistem respirasi (13,7%), dan antimikroba (11,9%), sedangkan obat kedaluwarsa utamanya analgesik, saluran cerna dan antiseptik masing-masing (18,8%). Nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan dan kedaluwarsa pada kalangan rumah tangga dari penelitian ini relatif kecil. Penelitian ini dapat berfungsi dalam program edukasi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan penggunaan obat secara tepat dan efisien agar dapat dilakukan penghematan biaya kesehatan yang dikeluarkan.Kata Kunci: Obat tidak digunakan, obat kedaluwarsa, biaya","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pneumonia is one of the major causes of mortality due to infection in hospitalized patients. It was frequently found in patients with renal failure. Clinical outcomes of infected patients with renal failure are worse compared to patients without renal failure. The presence of renal impairment affects the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Ceftazidime is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in patients with pneumonia. Approximately, 80-90% of ceftazidime’s total drug fraction is eliminated by kidneys so that the presence of kidney disorders will affect the concentration of ceftazidime in the blood. This study aimed to determine the estimated concentration of ceftazidime in the blood and clinical outcome of pneumonia patients with renal impairment. This study was a retrospective study with descriptive observational design. Data were obtained from patient’s medical record in a hospital in Yogyakarta between January 2013-June 2017 which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, i.e., ≥18 years old patients with complete medical record data, treated in internal medicine ward with diagnosis of pneumonia (HAP/HCAP) who had chronic renal failure, and received ceftazidime for minimum 72 hours or 3 days. The number of research samples were 40 patients. This study showed that 31 patients (77.5%) had achieved estimated ceftazidime concentration in the blood above the minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/ mL. After ceftazidime therapy, 19 patients (47.5%) had improved clinical outcome and 21 patients (52.5%) had not improved clinical outcome.
{"title":"Perkiraan Kadar Seftazidim dalam Darah pada Pasien Pneumonia dengan Gangguan Fungsi Ginjal","authors":"Dewi Latifatul Ilma, D. Wahyono, I. P. Sari","doi":"10.22146/jmpf.37624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.37624","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is one of the major causes of mortality due to infection in hospitalized patients. It was frequently found in patients with renal failure. Clinical outcomes of infected patients with renal failure are worse compared to patients without renal failure. The presence of renal impairment affects the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Ceftazidime is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in patients with pneumonia. Approximately, 80-90% of ceftazidime’s total drug fraction is eliminated by kidneys so that the presence of kidney disorders will affect the concentration of ceftazidime in the blood. This study aimed to determine the estimated concentration of ceftazidime in the blood and clinical outcome of pneumonia patients with renal impairment. This study was a retrospective study with descriptive observational design. Data were obtained from patient’s medical record in a hospital in Yogyakarta between January 2013-June 2017 which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, i.e., ≥18 years old patients with complete medical record data, treated in internal medicine ward with diagnosis of pneumonia (HAP/HCAP) who had chronic renal failure, and received ceftazidime for minimum 72 hours or 3 days. The number of research samples were 40 patients. This study showed that 31 patients (77.5%) had achieved estimated ceftazidime concentration in the blood above the minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/ mL. After ceftazidime therapy, 19 patients (47.5%) had improved clinical outcome and 21 patients (52.5%) had not improved clinical outcome.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabrina Handayani Tambun, Ika Puspitasari, Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an infectious disease which is one of the main causes of child mortality in developing countries. The pattern of giving antibiotics at the hospital is usually still empirical. Inappropriate use of antibiotics may cause failure of therapy or bacterial resistance. This study aims to determine the empirical antibiotic rationality and the relationship of rationality to the clinical outcome of CAP-pediatric inpatients at RSUP. Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The study conducted using a descriptive analytic method with a retrospective cohort design. The subjects were CAP-pediatric inpatients at RSUP. Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta period 1 January-31 December 2018. The rationality of empirical antibiotics is evaluated using the Gyssens algorithm. The clinical outcome was either good or bad outcome according to the clinician stating in the medical record. Patient characteristics, empirical antibiotic therapy and rationality patterns were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between empirical antibiotic rationality and clinical outcome were evaluated using Chi square test. There were 73 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (132 empirical antibiotic regimens). Rational antibiotic therapy accounted 76.5% (category 0). Types of irrationality of antibiotic found were IIIB (5.3%) and IIA categories (18.2%). Chi-square analysis showed that empirical antibiotic rationality related to good clinical outcome of CAP children (p = 0.011; OR = 2.957; 95% CI = 1,263 - 6,923).
{"title":"Evaluasi Luaran Klinis Terapi Antibiotik pada Pasien Community Acquired Pneumonia Anak Rawat Inap","authors":"Sabrina Handayani Tambun, Ika Puspitasari, Ida Safitri Laksanawati","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.47915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.47915","url":null,"abstract":"Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an infectious disease which is one of the main causes of child mortality in developing countries. The pattern of giving antibiotics at the hospital is usually still empirical. Inappropriate use of antibiotics may cause failure of therapy or bacterial resistance. This study aims to determine the empirical antibiotic rationality and the relationship of rationality to the clinical outcome of CAP-pediatric inpatients at RSUP. Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The study conducted using a descriptive analytic method with a retrospective cohort design. The subjects were CAP-pediatric inpatients at RSUP. Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta period 1 January-31 December 2018. The rationality of empirical antibiotics is evaluated using the Gyssens algorithm. The clinical outcome was either good or bad outcome according to the clinician stating in the medical record. Patient characteristics, empirical antibiotic therapy and rationality patterns were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between empirical antibiotic rationality and clinical outcome were evaluated using Chi square test. There were 73 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (132 empirical antibiotic regimens). Rational antibiotic therapy accounted 76.5% (category 0). Types of irrationality of antibiotic found were IIIB (5.3%) and IIA categories (18.2%). Chi-square analysis showed that empirical antibiotic rationality related to good clinical outcome of CAP children (p = 0.011; OR = 2.957; 95% CI = 1,263 - 6,923).","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hermawan, Muthi Ikawati, Susi Ari Kristina, Edy Meiyanto
The e-learning method has emerged over the years along with the development of information technology. One of the advantages of this method is not depending on space and time of lecture. The course of clinical chemistry and bioanalysis consisting of lectures and practical courses has time and place limitations for practical and discussion between lecturers and students, therefore learning method innovation is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid e-learning method using eLisa on student, as well as understanding and evaluating student perceptions and acceptance of the hybrid e-learning method in clinical chemistry and bioanalysis courses. The platform for the the hybrid e-learning method is eLisa (elisa.ugm.ac.id), developed by the Center for Innovation and Academic Studies (PIKA) UGM. A total of 54 UGM Pharmacy students in the sixth semester of the academic year 2017/2018 participated in this learning activity. Online discussion was conducted on a scientific paper or data obtained from practical courses. Lecturers also provide assignments and online quizzes through eLisa every 2 to 3 weeks. Online assignments and quizzes are opened 24 hours after the lectures. The hybrid e-learning method improve student’s understanding on the lectures and results in the increased number of students who get A marks by 100% compared to conventional learning methods. Most students were satisfied and able to enjoy the learning process with hybrid e-learning with eLisa. This method is able to improve the understanding of subjects and students are satisfied with the implementation of course learning. Further development on improving e-learning methods is needed to improve the quality of learning outcomes.
{"title":"Efektivitas Hybrid e-Learning Mata Kuliah Kimia Klinik dan Bioanalisis di Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada","authors":"A. Hermawan, Muthi Ikawati, Susi Ari Kristina, Edy Meiyanto","doi":"10.22146/jmpf.42718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.42718","url":null,"abstract":"The e-learning method has emerged over the years along with the development of information technology. One of the advantages of this method is not depending on space and time of lecture. The course of clinical chemistry and bioanalysis consisting of lectures and practical courses has time and place limitations for practical and discussion between lecturers and students, therefore learning method innovation is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid e-learning method using eLisa on student, as well as understanding and evaluating student perceptions and acceptance of the hybrid e-learning method in clinical chemistry and bioanalysis courses. The platform for the the hybrid e-learning method is eLisa (elisa.ugm.ac.id), developed by the Center for Innovation and Academic Studies (PIKA) UGM. A total of 54 UGM Pharmacy students in the sixth semester of the academic year 2017/2018 participated in this learning activity. Online discussion was conducted on a scientific paper or data obtained from practical courses. Lecturers also provide assignments and online quizzes through eLisa every 2 to 3 weeks. Online assignments and quizzes are opened 24 hours after the lectures. The hybrid e-learning method improve student’s understanding on the lectures and results in the increased number of students who get A marks by 100% compared to conventional learning methods. Most students were satisfied and able to enjoy the learning process with hybrid e-learning with eLisa. This method is able to improve the understanding of subjects and students are satisfied with the implementation of course learning. Further development on improving e-learning methods is needed to improve the quality of learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41750070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inappropriate inventory control of medicines in hospital can lead to shortage or over stock, which is a problem faced by Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) method on efficiency and effectivity of medicine inventory at Hospital Pharmacy Dr. Sardjito. A quasi experimental nonequivalent without control group design was applied, and purposive sampling was taken from retrospective data in January-June 2018 and the application of methods prospectively i.e. August-December 2018. Thirty-five types of medicines which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained, i.e. high cost, high volume, clinicaly important, and supply focus. These types of medicines were included in category A of ABC Pareto Analysis. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on inventory value, stock out value, and Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR) was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on stock out incident was analysed using Mc Nemar Test statistic. This study found that minimum-maximum stock level method to impact the positively their efficiency of drug control marked by decreased of inventory value and ITOR ideal value. The effectiveness of drug control marked by decreased incidence of stock out in Hospital Pharmacy Departement Dr. Sardjito.
{"title":"Pengendalian Persediaan Obat dengan Minimum-Maximum Stock Level di Instalasi Farmasi RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta","authors":"Titik Indarti, S. Satibi, E. Yuniarti","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.45295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.45295","url":null,"abstract":"Inappropriate inventory control of medicines in hospital can lead to shortage or over stock, which is a problem faced by Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) method on efficiency and effectivity of medicine inventory at Hospital Pharmacy Dr. Sardjito. A quasi experimental nonequivalent without control group design was applied, and purposive sampling was taken from retrospective data in January-June 2018 and the application of methods prospectively i.e. August-December 2018. Thirty-five types of medicines which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained, i.e. high cost, high volume, clinicaly important, and supply focus. These types of medicines were included in category A of ABC Pareto Analysis. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on inventory value, stock out value, and Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR) was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on stock out incident was analysed using Mc Nemar Test statistic. This study found that minimum-maximum stock level method to impact the positively their efficiency of drug control marked by decreased of inventory value and ITOR ideal value. The effectiveness of drug control marked by decreased incidence of stock out in Hospital Pharmacy Departement Dr. Sardjito.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44859282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charina Halim Sugiono, R. Rollando, FX Haryanto Susanto, Eva Monica
Good pharmacy services are expected to build the positive image of the hospital. This includes the enhancement of competitive advantage among hospitals. The expected output of this research is identifying the effect of three dimensions of pharmacy services; interpersonal relations, therapy management and general satisfaction, to the image of the Baptis hospital, Batu City. The implementation of SWOT analysis is expected to determine the effect between variables, and the hospital can improve the competitive advantage. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research involved 200 respondents and the method of statistical analysis was Multiple Linear Regression to investigate the effect of pharmacy services on the hospital image. The results of the study prove that pharmacy personnel at the Pharmacy Installation of Baptist Hospital Batu has provided good service, cared for patients, showed respect, and gave their willingness to provide information, education, counseling, and good activities. While the rating is classified as low, but still in good range is the patient's response time which is in the dimensions of general patient satisfaction. Qualitative research used the SWOT analysis and involved pharmacists of the Baptis Hospital. Generally, the result of statistical analysis revealed that the dimensions of pharmacy services have a positive effect on the hospital hospital image, both partially and simultaneously. In addition, the result of SWOT analysis demonstrated that Baptis Hospital is included in the first quadrant, which means the hospital runs a strategy that leads to the growth of the hospital. The hospital is in the perfect position that allows the management to rely on the strength in order to develop rapidly.
{"title":"Korelasi Pelayanan Kefarmasian dan Citra Rumah Sakit dalam Analisa SWOT Instalasi Farmasi RS Baptis Batu","authors":"Charina Halim Sugiono, R. Rollando, FX Haryanto Susanto, Eva Monica","doi":"10.22146/jmpf.41599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.41599","url":null,"abstract":"Good pharmacy services are expected to build the positive image of the hospital. This includes the enhancement of competitive advantage among hospitals. The expected output of this research is identifying the effect of three dimensions of pharmacy services; interpersonal relations, therapy management and general satisfaction, to the image of the Baptis hospital, Batu City. The implementation of SWOT analysis is expected to determine the effect between variables, and the hospital can improve the competitive advantage. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research involved 200 respondents and the method of statistical analysis was Multiple Linear Regression to investigate the effect of pharmacy services on the hospital image. The results of the study prove that pharmacy personnel at the Pharmacy Installation of Baptist Hospital Batu has provided good service, cared for patients, showed respect, and gave their willingness to provide information, education, counseling, and good activities. While the rating is classified as low, but still in good range is the patient's response time which is in the dimensions of general patient satisfaction. Qualitative research used the SWOT analysis and involved pharmacists of the Baptis Hospital. Generally, the result of statistical analysis revealed that the dimensions of pharmacy services have a positive effect on the hospital hospital image, both partially and simultaneously. In addition, the result of SWOT analysis demonstrated that Baptis Hospital is included in the first quadrant, which means the hospital runs a strategy that leads to the growth of the hospital. The hospital is in the perfect position that allows the management to rely on the strength in order to develop rapidly.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47034229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zulfa Mazidah, Nanang Munif Yasin, Susi Ari Kristina
Cost analysis of chronic diseases in health care facilities during JKN is needed as quality and cost control. Stroke is a high cost, volume, and risk, catastrophic disease that can cause an increase in medical expenses, which requires special attention. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of real costs and cost components, providing an overview of the direct medical costs and tariff packages of INA-CBGs based on the type of stroke, and the factors that affect direct medical costs. This study is a descriptive-analytic observational study according to the hospital perspective. Data was taken retrospectively. The subjects of the study were adult JKN patients who were aged ≥18 years old with a stroke diagnosis that entered the inclusion criteria. The research variables included age, gender, type of stroke, comorbidity, hospitalization class, length of stay (LOS), and real costs. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The research results obtained total real costs of Rp. 1,525,236,503 with an average cost of Rp. 4,872,960, the largest cost component was the cost of drugs and BMHP Rp. 402,248,555 (27.21%). The real cost of hemorrhagic strokes is Rp. 572,969,865 and the INA-CBGs tariff package is Rp. 483,804,000, the real cost of ischemic stroke is Rp. 1,107,055,700. There were significant differences in real cost from class factors and length of stay (p-value <0.005). The concluded that the INA-CBGs tariff package is insufficient to finance hospitalized patients with hemorrhagic strokes (-Rp89.165,865), but sufficient for ischemic stroke (+Rp.154,789,069).
{"title":"Analisis Biaya Penyakit Stroke Pasien Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi","authors":"Zulfa Mazidah, Nanang Munif Yasin, Susi Ari Kristina","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.41984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.41984","url":null,"abstract":"Cost analysis of chronic diseases in health care facilities during JKN is needed as quality and cost control. Stroke is a high cost, volume, and risk, catastrophic disease that can cause an increase in medical expenses, which requires special attention. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of real costs and cost components, providing an overview of the direct medical costs and tariff packages of INA-CBGs based on the type of stroke, and the factors that affect direct medical costs. This study is a descriptive-analytic observational study according to the hospital perspective. Data was taken retrospectively. The subjects of the study were adult JKN patients who were aged ≥18 years old with a stroke diagnosis that entered the inclusion criteria. The research variables included age, gender, type of stroke, comorbidity, hospitalization class, length of stay (LOS), and real costs. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The research results obtained total real costs of Rp. 1,525,236,503 with an average cost of Rp. 4,872,960, the largest cost component was the cost of drugs and BMHP Rp. 402,248,555 (27.21%). The real cost of hemorrhagic strokes is Rp. 572,969,865 and the INA-CBGs tariff package is Rp. 483,804,000, the real cost of ischemic stroke is Rp. 1,107,055,700. There were significant differences in real cost from class factors and length of stay (p-value <0.005). The concluded that the INA-CBGs tariff package is insufficient to finance hospitalized patients with hemorrhagic strokes (-Rp89.165,865), but sufficient for ischemic stroke (+Rp.154,789,069).","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laksmy Anggun Larasati, T. Andayani, Susi Ari Kristina
Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires good therapeutic management and self care to achieve optimal glycemic target. The important barrier to achieve good glycemic control is a lack of knowledge about optimal glycemic targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the level of knowledge to clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta and Bantul primary health care. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique was done by accidental sampling for patients visiting the primary health care from October to December 2018 that involved 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were included in the inclusion criteria. The level of knowledge was measured by the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ)-24 which had 24 questions and the clinical outcome was obtained from laboratory measurement data as well as from medical record data when the patient was in routine control. Sociodemographic data were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between the level of knowledge and clinical outcomes was analyzed using chi square. The results showed that the knowledge level score had an average value of 12. The most incorrect answer was in etiology and diabetes self care, which is eating too much sugar and sweet foods is the cause of diabetes (97%), exercise regularly increasing the need of hormone insulin or diabetes medication (82%), the insulin reaction is caused by too much food (84%) and diabetics should clean the wound with betadine and alcohol (88%). There were 106 (53%) patients who achieved good glycemic control. Chi square test showed no relationship between the level of knowledge of clinical outcomes (p = 0.328). The result of this study may become a material and education content evaluation in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Outcome Klinik Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2","authors":"Laksmy Anggun Larasati, T. Andayani, Susi Ari Kristina","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.43489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.43489","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires good therapeutic management and self care to achieve optimal glycemic target. The important barrier to achieve good glycemic control is a lack of knowledge about optimal glycemic targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the level of knowledge to clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta and Bantul primary health care. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique was done by accidental sampling for patients visiting the primary health care from October to December 2018 that involved 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were included in the inclusion criteria. The level of knowledge was measured by the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ)-24 which had 24 questions and the clinical outcome was obtained from laboratory measurement data as well as from medical record data when the patient was in routine control. Sociodemographic data were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between the level of knowledge and clinical outcomes was analyzed using chi square. The results showed that the knowledge level score had an average value of 12. The most incorrect answer was in etiology and diabetes self care, which is eating too much sugar and sweet foods is the cause of diabetes (97%), exercise regularly increasing the need of hormone insulin or diabetes medication (82%), the insulin reaction is caused by too much food (84%) and diabetics should clean the wound with betadine and alcohol (88%). There were 106 (53%) patients who achieved good glycemic control. Chi square test showed no relationship between the level of knowledge of clinical outcomes (p = 0.328). The result of this study may become a material and education content evaluation in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46304702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nunik Dewi Kumalasari, A. Rahem, B. Presley, E. Setiawan
Long-term treatment of cardiovascular disease may give impact in a high burden of medical cost for the patient. A concern arises whether the health budget allocation prepared by the Indonesian Government through "Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional" program is enough to cover medical cost for the outpatient treatment. This study aims to calculate the direct medical cost of patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure and compare it with the Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs) tariff. This is a prospective and observational study carried out in one of the public hospitals in East Java between February and April 2015. All data related to outpatients with coronary heart disease and heart failure were analysed. Direct medical cost analysis in this study calculated from a combination of cost of medication, health professional services, electrocardiography, emergency care services, and laboratory test component, then it was compared with INA-CBGs tariff from ICD 10. Total of 390 patients included were 387 patients with coronary heart disease (99.23%) and three (3) patients with heart failure (0.77%). Average direct medical cost for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure were IDR 130.593,6 (range IDR 50.282 – IDR 385.911) and IDR 128.587 (range IDR 112.832 – IDR 140.103), respectively. Even though this study showed that budget allocation of INA-CBGs could cover the average direct medical cost of patients with both of diseases, some patients had a direct medical cost higher than the limit of INA-CBGs allocation. Therefore, an optimal interprofessional collaboration between physician and pharmacist needed to provide medical treatment based on patient needs and keep it within budget allocation range.
{"title":"Direct Medical Cost Analysis Among Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure Outpatients at One Hospital","authors":"Nunik Dewi Kumalasari, A. Rahem, B. Presley, E. Setiawan","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.38170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.38170","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term treatment of cardiovascular disease may give impact in a high burden of medical cost for the patient. A concern arises whether the health budget allocation prepared by the Indonesian Government through \"Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional\" program is enough to cover medical cost for the outpatient treatment. This study aims to calculate the direct medical cost of patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure and compare it with the Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs) tariff. This is a prospective and observational study carried out in one of the public hospitals in East Java between February and April 2015. All data related to outpatients with coronary heart disease and heart failure were analysed. Direct medical cost analysis in this study calculated from a combination of cost of medication, health professional services, electrocardiography, emergency care services, and laboratory test component, then it was compared with INA-CBGs tariff from ICD 10. Total of 390 patients included were 387 patients with coronary heart disease (99.23%) and three (3) patients with heart failure (0.77%). Average direct medical cost for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure were IDR 130.593,6 (range IDR 50.282 – IDR 385.911) and IDR 128.587 (range IDR 112.832 – IDR 140.103), respectively. Even though this study showed that budget allocation of INA-CBGs could cover the average direct medical cost of patients with both of diseases, some patients had a direct medical cost higher than the limit of INA-CBGs allocation. Therefore, an optimal interprofessional collaboration between physician and pharmacist needed to provide medical treatment based on patient needs and keep it within budget allocation range.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41466761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of certain drugs is known to be an extrinsic factor the risk of falling in the elderly (elderly) because it can cause postural hypotension, sedation, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, muscle weakness, and other side effects. This study aims to determine the profile of drug use that have the potential to fall in the elderly. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with purposive sampling technique. The study was carried out at two regional hospitals in Madiun (RSUD Dr. Soedono Madiun and RSUD Kota Madiun). The data is sourced from the outpatient's medical record of Neurology and Internal Medicine clinics and from the medication record in the Pharmacy Installation from May to October 2018. The results showed that there were 343 patients (64.11%) out of 535 patients involved in the study using fall risk medicines (FRM). Three FRM groups that were often prescribed were antihypertensive 52.71% (282 patients), anticonvulsants 20.19% (108 patients), and benzodiazepines 10.47% (56 patients). A number of 46.54% (249 patients) used FRM included in the low-risk category (Medication Fall Risk Score 1-5), and as many as 17.57% (94 patients) were included in high risk (Medication Fall Risk Score ≥ 6). The elderly that use 1 FRM was 24.86% (133 patients), followed by 2 drugs was 19.07% (102 patients). The results of this study realized that the use of fall risk medicines in the elderly is quite high, so it is necessary to weigh the risks and benefits of its use to prevent falls in the elderly.
{"title":"Prevalensi Penggunaan Fall Risk Medicine pada Pasien Lanjut Usia di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Madiun","authors":"Fita Rahmawati, Nasikhatul Mustafidah, Lily Annisa","doi":"10.22146/JMPF.45206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JMPF.45206","url":null,"abstract":"The use of certain drugs is known to be an extrinsic factor the risk of falling in the elderly (elderly) because it can cause postural hypotension, sedation, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, muscle weakness, and other side effects. This study aims to determine the profile of drug use that have the potential to fall in the elderly. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with purposive sampling technique. The study was carried out at two regional hospitals in Madiun (RSUD Dr. Soedono Madiun and RSUD Kota Madiun). The data is sourced from the outpatient's medical record of Neurology and Internal Medicine clinics and from the medication record in the Pharmacy Installation from May to October 2018. The results showed that there were 343 patients (64.11%) out of 535 patients involved in the study using fall risk medicines (FRM). Three FRM groups that were often prescribed were antihypertensive 52.71% (282 patients), anticonvulsants 20.19% (108 patients), and benzodiazepines 10.47% (56 patients). A number of 46.54% (249 patients) used FRM included in the low-risk category (Medication Fall Risk Score 1-5), and as many as 17.57% (94 patients) were included in high risk (Medication Fall Risk Score ≥ 6). The elderly that use 1 FRM was 24.86% (133 patients), followed by 2 drugs was 19.07% (102 patients). The results of this study realized that the use of fall risk medicines in the elderly is quite high, so it is necessary to weigh the risks and benefits of its use to prevent falls in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":33008,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44169593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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