Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025830
D. Hasenkopf, E. Weigand, Jian Xie Jian Xie
This paper describes a modulator design for a voltage-source inverter using optimized pulse patterns, which is implemented in a programmable logic device (PLD), similar to field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The modulator was developed using a hardware-description language and is realized in a PLD, that is interfaced via PC bus to a host computer. The inverter consists of three identical phase modules, where each module is built as a full-bridge-circuit in a three-level neutral-point-clamped topology. So, each phase-module can switch between five different voltage levels. This inverter is used to demonstrate control methods for the balancing of single-phase railway loads fed from three-phase grids.
{"title":"FPGA-based modulator design for five-level inverter control with optimized pulse patterns","authors":"D. Hasenkopf, E. Weigand, Jian Xie Jian Xie","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025830","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a modulator design for a voltage-source inverter using optimized pulse patterns, which is implemented in a programmable logic device (PLD), similar to field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The modulator was developed using a hardware-description language and is realized in a PLD, that is interfaced via PC bus to a host computer. The inverter consists of three identical phase modules, where each module is built as a full-bridge-circuit in a three-level neutral-point-clamped topology. So, each phase-module can switch between five different voltage levels. This inverter is used to demonstrate control methods for the balancing of single-phase railway loads fed from three-phase grids.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115000413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025947
P. Acarnley, Y. Al-Sadiq
This paper introduces the application of a stochastic search technique, known as simulated annealing, to the problem of tuning electric drive speed controllers. Tuning by conventional analysis methods is complicated by the presence of a significant nonlinearity caused by saturation of the current controller. The nonlinearity ensures that optimum controller settings depend on the form of the input stimulus, for example the magnitude of a step change in speed demand. For the purposes of illustration, the paper concentrates on finding the settings for the parameters of a proportional-integral (PI) speed controller which minimise the integral of absolute speed error following a step change in speed demand. After describing the basic principles of simulated annealing, the paper presents results showing the development of optimum controller settings. Simulated annealing avoids the requirement for mathematical modelling of the drive and its load and is able to deal with the inherent nonlinearities of the system. The approach described is applicable to both off-line and on-line tuning of a wide variety of controller configurations.
{"title":"Tuning PI speed controllers for electric drives using simulated annealing","authors":"P. Acarnley, Y. Al-Sadiq","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025947","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the application of a stochastic search technique, known as simulated annealing, to the problem of tuning electric drive speed controllers. Tuning by conventional analysis methods is complicated by the presence of a significant nonlinearity caused by saturation of the current controller. The nonlinearity ensures that optimum controller settings depend on the form of the input stimulus, for example the magnitude of a step change in speed demand. For the purposes of illustration, the paper concentrates on finding the settings for the parameters of a proportional-integral (PI) speed controller which minimise the integral of absolute speed error following a step change in speed demand. After describing the basic principles of simulated annealing, the paper presents results showing the development of optimum controller settings. Simulated annealing avoids the requirement for mathematical modelling of the drive and its load and is able to deal with the inherent nonlinearities of the system. The approach described is applicable to both off-line and on-line tuning of a wide variety of controller configurations.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130296735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025883
E. Figueres, G. Garcerá, M. Pascual, D. Cerver
The purpose of this paper is to present an analog and robust voltage-mode control loop of buck derived converters, which maintains the crossover frequency and the phase margin of the loop gain much closer to the design goals than the conventional loop, even with large variations of the power stage elements. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can achieve that the power stage seen by the voltage regulator becomes a first order system like current-mode controls do. A 5 V-5 A, 50 kHz buck prototype operating from an input voltage ranging from 15 V to 25 V has been experimentally tested with different LC output filters and load conditions, including discontinuous conduction mode. Small-signal and large signal measurements on the prototype have been carried out, showing the robustness properties achieved by the proposed loop.
{"title":"Robust voltage-mode control of DC-DC switching converters based on a two-controller scheme","authors":"E. Figueres, G. Garcerá, M. Pascual, D. Cerver","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025883","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present an analog and robust voltage-mode control loop of buck derived converters, which maintains the crossover frequency and the phase margin of the loop gain much closer to the design goals than the conventional loop, even with large variations of the power stage elements. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can achieve that the power stage seen by the voltage regulator becomes a first order system like current-mode controls do. A 5 V-5 A, 50 kHz buck prototype operating from an input voltage ranging from 15 V to 25 V has been experimentally tested with different LC output filters and load conditions, including discontinuous conduction mode. Small-signal and large signal measurements on the prototype have been carried out, showing the robustness properties achieved by the proposed loop.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132457766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026083
P. Melin, O. Castillo
Stepping motors are widely used in robotics and in the numerical control of machine tools where they have to perform high-precision positioning operations. However, the variations of the mechanical configuration of the drive, which are common to these two applications, can lead to a loss of synchronism for high stepping rates. Moreover, the classical open-loop speed control is weak and a closed-loop control becomes necessary. In this paper, fuzzy logic is applied to control the speed of a stepping motor drive with feedback. A neuro-fuzzy hybrid approach is used to design the fuzzy rule base of the intelligent system for control. In particular, the authors used the ANFIS methodology to build a Sugeno fuzzy model for controlling the stepping motor drive. An advanced test bed is used in order to evaluate the tracking properties and the robustness capacities of the fuzzy logic controller.
{"title":"Intelligent system for control of a stepping motor drive using a hybrid neuro-fuzzy approach","authors":"P. Melin, O. Castillo","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026083","url":null,"abstract":"Stepping motors are widely used in robotics and in the numerical control of machine tools where they have to perform high-precision positioning operations. However, the variations of the mechanical configuration of the drive, which are common to these two applications, can lead to a loss of synchronism for high stepping rates. Moreover, the classical open-loop speed control is weak and a closed-loop control becomes necessary. In this paper, fuzzy logic is applied to control the speed of a stepping motor drive with feedback. A neuro-fuzzy hybrid approach is used to design the fuzzy rule base of the intelligent system for control. In particular, the authors used the ANFIS methodology to build a Sugeno fuzzy model for controlling the stepping motor drive. An advanced test bed is used in order to evaluate the tracking properties and the robustness capacities of the fuzzy logic controller.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133494651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026049
S. Mizik, P. Barani, P. Korondi, M. Sugiyama
The main goal of this paper is to extend the potential based guiding (PBG) model to a more general form that can be approximated by a common type neuro-fuzzy algorithm. The extended model (VFB) eliminates the strongly alternating behavior of PBG. As a result of virtual training of VFB based on different guiding-style description models, some examples are given, which show the effectiveness of VFB. These examples also show the advantages of using virtual environment, COSMOS for training of different guiding-style description robot models.
{"title":"Virtual autonom robot","authors":"S. Mizik, P. Barani, P. Korondi, M. Sugiyama","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026049","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to extend the potential based guiding (PBG) model to a more general form that can be approximated by a common type neuro-fuzzy algorithm. The extended model (VFB) eliminates the strongly alternating behavior of PBG. As a result of virtual training of VFB based on different guiding-style description models, some examples are given, which show the effectiveness of VFB. These examples also show the advantages of using virtual environment, COSMOS for training of different guiding-style description robot models.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132238191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025932
E. Dallago, A. Danioni, M. Passoni, G. Venchi
In this paper, the voltage regulation of a flyback converter under load transient conditions is investigated. First, the best regulation is found with an optimization algorithm which uses a cycle-by-cycle model. The predictions are then compared with the performance given by an optimized peak current-mode controlled converter. Simulation results are then provided to highlight the two different output voltage dynamics during load transients.
{"title":"Comparison of transient performance in a peak current-mode flyback converter","authors":"E. Dallago, A. Danioni, M. Passoni, G. Venchi","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025932","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the voltage regulation of a flyback converter under load transient conditions is investigated. First, the best regulation is found with an optimization algorithm which uses a cycle-by-cycle model. The predictions are then compared with the performance given by an optimized peak current-mode controlled converter. Simulation results are then provided to highlight the two different output voltage dynamics during load transients.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"82 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132330624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025977
M. Dotoli, P. Lino
A fuzzy control approach for the adjustment of the boost pressure of a variable geometry, turbine (VGT) supercharged diesel engine is proposed. The VGT adapts the boost pressure to the target reference for different engine speeds by adjusting the turbine blades, resulting in a reduction of both fuel consumption and gas emissions, while preserving efficiency. We design an adaptive fuzzy control law according to the following steps: first, a standard PI controller is devised, then an equivalent fuzzy controller is built, finally the fuzzy controller is made nonlinear by tuning its input/output parameters using an optimization algorithm. Further, modification of the membership functions is investigated. A large number of simulations on a zero-dimensional model of the engine prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy with reference to stability and transient performance in comparison with standard PI techniques.
{"title":"Fuzzy adaptive control of a variable geometry turbocharged diesel engine","authors":"M. Dotoli, P. Lino","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025977","url":null,"abstract":"A fuzzy control approach for the adjustment of the boost pressure of a variable geometry, turbine (VGT) supercharged diesel engine is proposed. The VGT adapts the boost pressure to the target reference for different engine speeds by adjusting the turbine blades, resulting in a reduction of both fuel consumption and gas emissions, while preserving efficiency. We design an adaptive fuzzy control law according to the following steps: first, a standard PI controller is devised, then an equivalent fuzzy controller is built, finally the fuzzy controller is made nonlinear by tuning its input/output parameters using an optimization algorithm. Further, modification of the membership functions is investigated. A large number of simulations on a zero-dimensional model of the engine prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy with reference to stability and transient performance in comparison with standard PI techniques.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114290165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025847
A. Barrado, R. Vazquez, E. Olías, A. Lázaro, J. Pleite
This paper presents a new type of hybrid source based on the combined linear-nonlinear control (HS-LnL). The hybrid sources are composed of both a linear and a switching source connected in parallel. The linear-nonlinear control allows to reduce the current provide by the linear source when a load current step occurs. This fact has an effect on the hybrid source efficiency. Three prototypes have been built to check and to compare the experimental results. These results prove, for the HS-LnL, that the output voltage drop is limited, the efficiency is not affected by including a linear source and fast transient response is improved. The obtained experimental results show that these power supplies can be used to feed DSPs and microprocessors.
{"title":"Linear-non-linear control to improve fast transient response in hybrid sources","authors":"A. Barrado, R. Vazquez, E. Olías, A. Lázaro, J. Pleite","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025847","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new type of hybrid source based on the combined linear-nonlinear control (HS-LnL). The hybrid sources are composed of both a linear and a switching source connected in parallel. The linear-nonlinear control allows to reduce the current provide by the linear source when a load current step occurs. This fact has an effect on the hybrid source efficiency. Three prototypes have been built to check and to compare the experimental results. These results prove, for the HS-LnL, that the output voltage drop is limited, the efficiency is not affected by including a linear source and fast transient response is improved. The obtained experimental results show that these power supplies can be used to feed DSPs and microprocessors.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116371346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026341
T. Sakamoto, N. Hori
It is shown that the concept of discrete-time models of an analog system can be applied to the principle of equivalent areas (PEA), which is noncausal in its exact form. The proposed method makes possible the development of various algorithms for implementing online the PEA for control purposes. From this viewpoint, the existing PEA as applied to the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) can be viewed as the case where the zero-order-hold is used. Moreover, with the proposed approach, an infinitely many formulae can be derived for the conversion of a servo signal into a PWM signal. Four such formulae are shown; two are single-rate formulae and the other two are dual-rate ones. These methods are compared numerically using an open-loop first order example.
{"title":"New PWM schemes based on the principle of equivalent areas","authors":"T. Sakamoto, N. Hori","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026341","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that the concept of discrete-time models of an analog system can be applied to the principle of equivalent areas (PEA), which is noncausal in its exact form. The proposed method makes possible the development of various algorithms for implementing online the PEA for control purposes. From this viewpoint, the existing PEA as applied to the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) can be viewed as the case where the zero-order-hold is used. Moreover, with the proposed approach, an infinitely many formulae can be derived for the conversion of a servo signal into a PWM signal. Four such formulae are shown; two are single-rate formulae and the other two are dual-rate ones. These methods are compared numerically using an open-loop first order example.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026062
E. Carpanzano, A. Ballarino
In order to face the more and more frequent market changes, reliable and flexible factory automation systems have to be developed or reconfigured with reduced times and costs. Therefore, innovative development methodologies for the structured design and testing of industrial supervision and control systems are mandatory. In the present work a development methodology is presented, which uses the formal reference model proposed by the IEC 61499 international standard to design the modules of a factory automation system. Moreover, a closed-loop simulation based testing method is presented to verify the different hierarchic levels of the designed automation system in a modular way, following a bottom-up approach. Such a technique is implemented in the Matlab environment, using its toolboxes Simulink and Stateflow. Through the adoption of formal models that exploit the concepts of modularity, encapsulation and abstraction, the description of complex systems is simplified and model reuse is enhanced. Furthermore, by means of a simulation based testing method correctness is verified before final implementation and reliability is improved. In the paper an application example is also presented, where the design and testing of the automation system of a manufacturing cell for a furniture factory by means of the proposed framework is illustrated.
{"title":"A structured approach to the design and simulation-based testing of factory automation systems","authors":"E. Carpanzano, A. Ballarino","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026062","url":null,"abstract":"In order to face the more and more frequent market changes, reliable and flexible factory automation systems have to be developed or reconfigured with reduced times and costs. Therefore, innovative development methodologies for the structured design and testing of industrial supervision and control systems are mandatory. In the present work a development methodology is presented, which uses the formal reference model proposed by the IEC 61499 international standard to design the modules of a factory automation system. Moreover, a closed-loop simulation based testing method is presented to verify the different hierarchic levels of the designed automation system in a modular way, following a bottom-up approach. Such a technique is implemented in the Matlab environment, using its toolboxes Simulink and Stateflow. Through the adoption of formal models that exploit the concepts of modularity, encapsulation and abstraction, the description of complex systems is simplified and model reuse is enhanced. Furthermore, by means of a simulation based testing method correctness is verified before final implementation and reliability is improved. In the paper an application example is also presented, where the design and testing of the automation system of a manufacturing cell for a furniture factory by means of the proposed framework is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129408996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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