Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026069
V. Gordon, G. Finke, J. Proth
Scheduling problems involving due dates or deadlines are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the complexity of the problems (polynomially solvable or NP-hard) and on the time complexity of algorithms for polynomially solvable problems or on the kind of algorithms proposed (enumerative, local search, etc.) for other problems.
{"title":"Scheduling with due dates and deadlines","authors":"V. Gordon, G. Finke, J. Proth","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026069","url":null,"abstract":"Scheduling problems involving due dates or deadlines are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the complexity of the problems (polynomially solvable or NP-hard) and on the time complexity of algorithms for polynomially solvable problems or on the kind of algorithms proposed (enumerative, local search, etc.) for other problems.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115403908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025839
K. Ide, Jung-Ik Ha Jung-Ik Ha, M. Sawamura, H. Iura, Y. Yamamoto
This paper proposes a novel hybrid speed estimator that gives the synergetic effect between the model based and the saliency based field orientation for induction motor drives. The model based field orientation consists of a flux observer with an adaptive speed estimator that has unstable regions at zero frequency and zero speed. Saliency based flux orientation utilizes magnetic saliencies caused by saturation and high frequency injection that causes the torque ripples due to chattering. The chattering occurs by the higher cut-off frequency of flux angle estimation to keep the high dynamics. The proposed method compensates both faults and realizes complete speed estimation from zero to high-speed condition including zero stator frequency.
{"title":"A novel hybrid speed estimator of flux observer for induction motor drives","authors":"K. Ide, Jung-Ik Ha Jung-Ik Ha, M. Sawamura, H. Iura, Y. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025839","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel hybrid speed estimator that gives the synergetic effect between the model based and the saliency based field orientation for induction motor drives. The model based field orientation consists of a flux observer with an adaptive speed estimator that has unstable regions at zero frequency and zero speed. Saliency based flux orientation utilizes magnetic saliencies caused by saturation and high frequency injection that causes the torque ripples due to chattering. The chattering occurs by the higher cut-off frequency of flux angle estimation to keep the high dynamics. The proposed method compensates both faults and realizes complete speed estimation from zero to high-speed condition including zero stator frequency.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115708969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025869
C. Buccella, M. Feliziani, V. Fuina
The reduction of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field in an area excited by power frequency currents is investigated by active shielding techniques. The magnetic field inside a shielded area is measured in simple test configurations. The performances of the proposed field-controlled active shield are showed.
{"title":"ELF magnetic field mitigation by active shielding","authors":"C. Buccella, M. Feliziani, V. Fuina","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025869","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field in an area excited by power frequency currents is investigated by active shielding techniques. The magnetic field inside a shielded area is measured in simple test configurations. The performances of the proposed field-controlled active shield are showed.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115973363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026088
T. Miyake, S. Haruta, S. Horihata
One can roughly estimate eye-gaze direction of a person or a portrait. In particular, it seems likely that one can accurately recognize whether or not one meets a person's eyes directly. If a machine realizes such visual information processing as a man does, one can tell one's intention to the machine with one's eyes. Most previous methods of eye-gaze estimation use a special light source or a hardware device. These methods however are not user friendly because they require the user to restrict his motion. We propose a new method for eye-gaze estimation. This method, based on image processing, uses only a single facial image obtained by a CCD camera under ordinary lighting condition without using any instrument except a pair of small marks. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces good accuracy irrespective of the head direction.
{"title":"Image based eye-gaze estimation irrespective of head direction","authors":"T. Miyake, S. Haruta, S. Horihata","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026088","url":null,"abstract":"One can roughly estimate eye-gaze direction of a person or a portrait. In particular, it seems likely that one can accurately recognize whether or not one meets a person's eyes directly. If a machine realizes such visual information processing as a man does, one can tell one's intention to the machine with one's eyes. Most previous methods of eye-gaze estimation use a special light source or a hardware device. These methods however are not user friendly because they require the user to restrict his motion. We propose a new method for eye-gaze estimation. This method, based on image processing, uses only a single facial image obtained by a CCD camera under ordinary lighting condition without using any instrument except a pair of small marks. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces good accuracy irrespective of the head direction.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117012501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025820
N. Urasaki, T. Senjyu, K. Uezato
This paper presents an automatic parameter measurement strategy for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors. The strategy consists of the DC test, single-phase AC test, and drive test. To automatically implement these tests, d-q axes currents in the stationary reference frame are appropriately controlled for each test using an inverter drive system. The advantage of the proposed strategy is that additional equipment such as rotary encoder and torque transducer are unnecessary. In addition, the dead-time effect of the inverter is compensated to improve accuracy of the calculated parameters. Parameter measurement results with the dead-time compensation are compared to the results without compensation.
{"title":"Automatic parameter measurement for permanent magnet synchronous motors compensating dead-time effect","authors":"N. Urasaki, T. Senjyu, K. Uezato","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025820","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an automatic parameter measurement strategy for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors. The strategy consists of the DC test, single-phase AC test, and drive test. To automatically implement these tests, d-q axes currents in the stationary reference frame are appropriately controlled for each test using an inverter drive system. The advantage of the proposed strategy is that additional equipment such as rotary encoder and torque transducer are unnecessary. In addition, the dead-time effect of the inverter is compensated to improve accuracy of the calculated parameters. Parameter measurement results with the dead-time compensation are compared to the results without compensation.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025867
F. Scapino, F. Spertino
The paper proposes a novel analysis and design method providing the designer with an aid useful to compare different solutions and to optimize component dimensioning, in the field of electronic systems, for direct conversion of PV energy, devoted to be connected to an utility grid. The novel concept of load curve in DC frame is first introduced that allows to find the system steady-state operating point both in DC and AC frame leading to a prediction technique. Predictions by load curve technique are shown to be validated by experimental results obtained from an ad hoc designed prototype system. Then the technique is applied to evaluate the effect of parasitic parameters in working point displacement with respect to the design ideal case. As an example, this ability of the load curve technique to help the design is exploited in the practical case of a PV generator installed at the Polytechnic University of Turin and results are verified by means of PSpice simulations.
{"title":"Load curves at DC inverter side: a useful tool to predict behavior and aid the design of grid-connected photovoltaic systems","authors":"F. Scapino, F. Spertino","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025867","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a novel analysis and design method providing the designer with an aid useful to compare different solutions and to optimize component dimensioning, in the field of electronic systems, for direct conversion of PV energy, devoted to be connected to an utility grid. The novel concept of load curve in DC frame is first introduced that allows to find the system steady-state operating point both in DC and AC frame leading to a prediction technique. Predictions by load curve technique are shown to be validated by experimental results obtained from an ad hoc designed prototype system. Then the technique is applied to evaluate the effect of parasitic parameters in working point displacement with respect to the design ideal case. As an example, this ability of the load curve technique to help the design is exploited in the practical case of a PV generator installed at the Polytechnic University of Turin and results are verified by means of PSpice simulations.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128498620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026033
F. Profumo, F. Eastham, A. Tenconi, G. Gianolio
After more than 100 years of development, rotating electric machines are a mature industrial product. Nevertheless improvements are still possible for specific applications, and it is likely that the major evolution will be promoted by unconventional structures. Among them, some of the most interesting proposals have a three dimensional flux path. Due to the magnetic circuit geometry, the unconventional "3D motors" suffer the difficulties in adopting the laminated iron technology: the problem can be afforded adopting new materials, such as plastic or powder magnetic composite material. Hence, unconventional motor structures and new materials open a possible evolution in the electric machines and drives scenario. Today, plastic materials are an infrequent choice for the electric machines structural parts, but, pioneering applications, such as aeronautical components, let some technological scouting: a low weight-high efficiency plastic axial flux motor for a solar flying platform is presented as example of a combined new material-new geometry development.
{"title":"\"Plastic\" electric motors: a viable solution for axial flux machines","authors":"F. Profumo, F. Eastham, A. Tenconi, G. Gianolio","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026033","url":null,"abstract":"After more than 100 years of development, rotating electric machines are a mature industrial product. Nevertheless improvements are still possible for specific applications, and it is likely that the major evolution will be promoted by unconventional structures. Among them, some of the most interesting proposals have a three dimensional flux path. Due to the magnetic circuit geometry, the unconventional \"3D motors\" suffer the difficulties in adopting the laminated iron technology: the problem can be afforded adopting new materials, such as plastic or powder magnetic composite material. Hence, unconventional motor structures and new materials open a possible evolution in the electric machines and drives scenario. Today, plastic materials are an infrequent choice for the electric machines structural parts, but, pioneering applications, such as aeronautical components, let some technological scouting: a low weight-high efficiency plastic axial flux motor for a solar flying platform is presented as example of a combined new material-new geometry development.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026040
A. Willig
For the PROFIBUS, a standardized and well-known fieldbus system, it is attractive to use wireless media. A natural approach in creating such a system is to re-use as much existing technology, as possible. In the area of wireless local area networks (WLANs) clearly the IEEE 802.11 standard is the leading technology. Hence, the question comes up, how this technology can be used in the creation of a wireless PROFIBUS. In this paper, the authors consider the solution of running the existing PROFIBUS MAC and link-layer protocol directly on top of an IEEE 802.11 DSSS PHY, without the 802.11 MAC functionality. They show that the PROFIBUS MAC protocol (a token-passing scheme on top of a broadcast medium, stations organized in a logical ring) is vulnerable against bit errors and packet losses. Specifically, the membership of a station in the logical ring is harmed by loss of token frames. Ring membership is important, since only ring members are allowed to transmit data. Lost stations can't do so, no matter how time-critical and important their data is. Their re-inclusion into the ring takes some time. The problems are serious and they conclude that for creation of a wireless PROFIBUS alternative solutions for MAC- and link-layer protocols should be investigated.
{"title":"Analysis of the PROFIBUS token passing protocol over wireless links","authors":"A. Willig","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026040","url":null,"abstract":"For the PROFIBUS, a standardized and well-known fieldbus system, it is attractive to use wireless media. A natural approach in creating such a system is to re-use as much existing technology, as possible. In the area of wireless local area networks (WLANs) clearly the IEEE 802.11 standard is the leading technology. Hence, the question comes up, how this technology can be used in the creation of a wireless PROFIBUS. In this paper, the authors consider the solution of running the existing PROFIBUS MAC and link-layer protocol directly on top of an IEEE 802.11 DSSS PHY, without the 802.11 MAC functionality. They show that the PROFIBUS MAC protocol (a token-passing scheme on top of a broadcast medium, stations organized in a logical ring) is vulnerable against bit errors and packet losses. Specifically, the membership of a station in the logical ring is harmed by loss of token frames. Ring membership is important, since only ring members are allowed to transmit data. Lost stations can't do so, no matter how time-critical and important their data is. Their re-inclusion into the ring takes some time. The problems are serious and they conclude that for creation of a wireless PROFIBUS alternative solutions for MAC- and link-layer protocols should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123736383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026334
A. Khashman
Image processing techniques have common problems that have had many researchers spending time and money addressing them and trying to find solutions. These problems include poor edge detection in low contrast images, speed of recognition and high computational cost. Scale space analysis is an efficient solution to the edge detection of objects in low to high contrast images. However, this approach is time consuming and computationally expensive. These expenses can be marginally reduced if an optimal scale (ideal scale) is defined in scale space edge detection. This paper reports on a new approach to detecting 3-dimensional objects in their 2-dimensional projected images using noise within the images. The novel idea is based on selecting one optimal scale (ideal scale) for the entire image at which scale space edge detection can be applied. The selection of an ideal scale is based on the hypothesis that the optimal edge detection scale (ideal scale) depends on the noise within an image"". This paper aims at providing the experimental evidence on the dependency of optimal scale on noise within images.""
{"title":"Noise-dependent optimal scale in edge detection","authors":"A. Khashman","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1026334","url":null,"abstract":"Image processing techniques have common problems that have had many researchers spending time and money addressing them and trying to find solutions. These problems include poor edge detection in low contrast images, speed of recognition and high computational cost. Scale space analysis is an efficient solution to the edge detection of objects in low to high contrast images. However, this approach is time consuming and computationally expensive. These expenses can be marginally reduced if an optimal scale (ideal scale) is defined in scale space edge detection. This paper reports on a new approach to detecting 3-dimensional objects in their 2-dimensional projected images using noise within the images. The novel idea is based on selecting one optimal scale (ideal scale) for the entire image at which scale space edge detection can be applied. The selection of an ideal scale is based on the hypothesis that the optimal edge detection scale (ideal scale) depends on the noise within an image\"\". This paper aims at providing the experimental evidence on the dependency of optimal scale on noise within images.\"\"","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132058982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025958
W. Su, C. Liaw, Seng-Chi Chen
The direct digital positioning control for a linear brushless DC motor (LBDCM) driven positioning stage with quantitative and robust performance is studied in this paper. An experimental LBDCM drive is first established, and its dynamic model is estimated from measurements. To handle the command tracking and load regulation position control problems simultaneously, a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) position controller with cascade configuration is proposed. In making the quantitative positioning control, the discrete tracking and regulation performance transfer functions are first generated. Then the controllers of the 2DOF control scheme are designed according to the estimated dynamic model and the generated performance transfer functions. When the changes of system parameters occur, a simple robust control is added to reduce the tracking response trajectory deviation from the prescribed one, and the load regulation response can be further improved.
{"title":"Quantitative and robust direct digital control for an LBDCM driven positioning stage","authors":"W. Su, C. Liaw, Seng-Chi Chen","doi":"10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2002.1025958","url":null,"abstract":"The direct digital positioning control for a linear brushless DC motor (LBDCM) driven positioning stage with quantitative and robust performance is studied in this paper. An experimental LBDCM drive is first established, and its dynamic model is estimated from measurements. To handle the command tracking and load regulation position control problems simultaneously, a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) position controller with cascade configuration is proposed. In making the quantitative positioning control, the discrete tracking and regulation performance transfer functions are first generated. Then the controllers of the 2DOF control scheme are designed according to the estimated dynamic model and the generated performance transfer functions. When the changes of system parameters occur, a simple robust control is added to reduce the tracking response trajectory deviation from the prescribed one, and the load regulation response can be further improved.","PeriodicalId":330283,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127650718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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