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Effect of laser shock peening and heat‑treated on surface hardness of Ti–6Al–4V 激光冲击强化和热处理对Ti-6Al-4V表面硬度的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2603187
Liming Yuan, Wentai Ouyang, X. Qin, Wenwu Zhang, Pengkai Liu, Hongyu Quan, Tianrun Zhang
Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloys have been extensively used in aviation due to their good comprehensive mechanical properties. However, TC4 has low hardness and poor wear resistance, which cannot meet the increasingly stringent working environment requirements of aerospace. Thus, it is necessary to enhance their performance by posttreatment. Laser shock peening (LSP) is an advanced surface treatment technology that improve the hardness and fatigue life of the metal material by ultra-high plastic strain. However, laser shock peening has limits to improve the surface hardness of workpiece. And heat treatment can effectively improve the performance of titanium alloys. Therefore, the combination of heat treatment and laser shock peening is used to improve the surface hardness of TC4. In this study, the Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) samples were subjected to one and two LSP impacts, respectively. Heat treatment was performed on the sample that has been subjected to one impact, and one of the heat-treated samples was subjected to one impact again. The surface hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness tester meter. The fracture morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and phase characterization was measured by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The effect of laser shock peening and heat treatment on the surface hardness of TC4 samples was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the maximum surface hardness of the treated sample was increased by 56.8% compared with original sample. Therefore, the combination of laser shock peening and heat treatment can greatly increase the surface hardness of the TC4.
Ti-6Al-4V (TC4)钛合金以其良好的综合力学性能在航空领域得到了广泛的应用。但TC4硬度低,耐磨性差,不能满足航空航天日益严格的工作环境要求。因此,有必要通过后处理来提高其性能。激光冲击强化(LSP)是一种利用超高塑性应变提高金属材料硬度和疲劳寿命的先进表面处理技术。然而,激光冲击强化在提高工件表面硬度方面存在一定的局限性。热处理可以有效地提高钛合金的性能。因此,采用热处理与激光冲击强化相结合的方法来提高TC4的表面硬度。在本研究中,Ti-6Al-4V (TC4)样品分别受到一次和两次LSP的影响。对已经受一次冲击的试样进行热处理,其中一个热处理试样再经受一次冲击。用维氏硬度计测定表面硬度。用扫描电镜(SEM)观察断口形貌,用x射线衍射仪(XRD)测定断口物相特征。实验研究了激光冲击强化和热处理对TC4试样表面硬度的影响。结果表明,处理后试样的最大表面硬度比原始试样提高了56.8%。因此,激光冲击强化与热处理相结合,可以大大提高TC4的表面硬度。
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引用次数: 0
Research and simulation analysis of laser ranging technology based on pulse compression 基于脉冲压缩的激光测距技术研究与仿真分析
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2603168
Du Juan, Zhu Jingguo, Jiang Chenghao, Qiao Zhi, H. Zhihong, Cao Kang, Wang Chunxiao, Zuo Yong
As a classic radar signal processing method, pulse compression technology can effectively increase the measurement distance while ensuring the ranging resolution, so as to achieve long-distance high-precision measurement. Waveform modulation techniques commonly used for pulse compression include linear frequency modulation and phase code modulation. In this paper, we proposed a method of laser ranging technology based on pulse compression, briefly analyzing two waveform modulation techniques and exploring the relationship between modulation bandwidth and ranging accuracy based on the linear frequency modulation ranging model. The results indicated that the ranging accuracy fluctuated greatly when the modulation bandwidth was changed. The measurement error would be stable within 10mm when the modulation bandwidth was on the order of GHz. The method would be expected to provide a certain reference for the choice of laser modulation bandwidth in the field of long-distance high-precision laser measurement.
脉冲压缩技术作为一种经典的雷达信号处理方法,可以在保证测距分辨率的同时有效地增加测量距离,从而实现远距离高精度测量。通常用于脉冲压缩的波形调制技术包括线性频率调制和相位编码调制。本文提出了一种基于脉冲压缩的激光测距技术,简要分析了两种波形调制技术,并在线性调频测距模型的基础上探讨了调制带宽与测距精度之间的关系。结果表明,当调制带宽改变时,测距精度波动较大。当调制带宽为GHz数量级时,测量误差稳定在10mm以内。该方法有望为远程高精度激光测量领域中激光调制带宽的选择提供一定的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of propagation characteristics of Gaussian beam in weakly compressible flow 高斯光束在弱可压缩流中的传播特性分析
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2601813
Jinyu Xie, L. Bai, Yankun Wang
When the aircraft is flying in the air at high speed, it will compress the surrounding air to form a shock wave layer on the front of aircraft, and the shock wave will gradually turn into turbulence as the distance from the front of the aircraft increases. When the shock wave turns into turbulence, the air is weakly compressible, and the laser will be distorted when it is transmitted in the air, and the intensity will attenuate. In this paper, Gaussian beam is used as the beam source, combined with Rytov theory, the expression of the intensity of Gaussian beam propagation in weakly compressible flow is derived. The results show that air density is an important factor affecting the attenuation of intensity, and the influence of air pressure cannot be ignored. Increasing the beam waist width can resist the attenuation of intensity to a certain extent. It is different from the turbulent atmosphere that the beam attenuation is greater in weakly compressible flows, which must be considered when discuss the attenuation of aerospace communication signals.
当飞机在空中高速飞行时,它会压缩周围的空气,在飞机前部形成一个激波层,随着离飞机前部距离的增加,激波会逐渐转化为湍流。当激波变成湍流时,空气具有弱可压缩性,激光在空气中传播时会发生畸变,强度会衰减。本文采用高斯光束作为光束源,结合Rytov理论,推导了高斯光束在弱可压缩流中的传播强度表达式。结果表明,空气密度是影响强度衰减的重要因素,其中气压的影响不可忽视。增大梁腰宽度可以在一定程度上抵抗强度衰减。与湍流大气不同的是,弱可压缩流中的波束衰减更大,这是讨论航空通信信号衰减时必须考虑的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Research on multi-point light focusing based on complex neural network 基于复杂神经网络的多点光聚焦研究
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2603136
C. Xiang, Zhaoyang Ttang, Yuanshen Xiao, Yingchun Ding, Jiaqi He
The research of light focusing and imaging through scattering media is currently a popular topic. Many focusing technologies have been developed, such as transmission matrix method, phase conjugation method, iterative optimization method, etc. However, these methods have some limitations. At present, deep learning methods have been widely used in the field of image restoration, and have strong inverse restoration capabilities. Yet, the application of this method in the field of optical focusing is still relatively limited, and the performance is not ideal. In this letter, a method based on complex neural network is proposed, and the multi-point focusing of light passing through the scattering medium is numerically simulated. Since the complex information of the network is not reduced, compared with the real number neural network method, this method more accurately simulates the recovery process of light scattering, and can obtain multiple light focal points with high enhancement at the same time.
散射介质对光聚焦成像的研究是当前研究的热点。许多聚焦技术被开发出来,如传输矩阵法、相位共轭法、迭代优化法等。然而,这些方法有一些局限性。目前,深度学习方法已广泛应用于图像恢复领域,并具有较强的逆恢复能力。然而,该方法在光学聚焦领域的应用还比较有限,性能也不理想。本文提出了一种基于复杂神经网络的方法,并对光在散射介质中的多点聚焦进行了数值模拟。由于没有减少网络的复杂信息,与实数神经网络方法相比,该方法更准确地模拟了光散射的恢复过程,并且可以同时获得多个高增强的光焦点。
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引用次数: 0
Imbert-Fedorov shifts in anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals 各向异性二维原子晶体中的Imbert-Fedorov位移
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2603132
Xiaoyan Yu, Jin Zhang, Yuqing Chen, Mian Huang, X. Dai
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引用次数: 0
Research on 3D high speed precision machining of sapphire based on femtosecond laser 基于飞秒激光的蓝宝石三维高速精密加工研究
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2602942
Zhihao Chen, Hongbing Yuan, Peichao Wu, Ling Zhao, Mina Zhang, Xiaowen Cao, Wenwu Zhang
Sapphire is widely used in industry, national defense, aerospace, space technology and other fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties such as ultra-high hardness, good thermal and chemical stability, high transmittance and so on. Because of the brittleness of sapphire, edge collapse and fragmentation are occurring easily during the process of traditional mechanical machining. Therefore, development of a rapid and high-quality processing method has great significance. Compared with continuous / long pulse laser processing, femtosecond laser processing with ultra-short duration and extremely high peak power has the advantages of small thermal effect, high processing accuracy, real three-dimensional and wide material adaptability. In this paper, a method of machining sapphire with a center wavelength of 515 nm femtosecond laser and scanning galvanometer is proposed. The effects of laser power, processing speed and scanning pitch on the machining depth and surface roughness are studied. A 3D structure is fabricated by combining a scanning galvanometer and the XYZ platform with high speed. Finally, two types of arrays of 3D structure have been fabricated on sapphire, which has high machined surface quality.
蓝宝石因其超高硬度、良好的热化学稳定性、高透光率等优异的物理化学性能,被广泛应用于工业、国防、航空航天、空间技术等领域。由于蓝宝石的脆性,在传统的机械加工过程中容易发生边缘塌陷和碎裂。因此,开发一种快速、高质量的加工方法具有重要意义。与连续/长脉冲激光加工相比,超短持续时间和极高峰值功率的飞秒激光加工具有热效应小、加工精度高、三维真实、材料适应性广等优点。本文提出了一种中心波长为515 nm的飞秒激光和扫描振镜加工蓝宝石的方法。研究了激光功率、加工速度和扫描间距对加工深度和表面粗糙度的影响。将扫描振镜与高速XYZ平台相结合,制作出三维结构。最后,在具有较高加工表面质量的蓝宝石表面上制备了两种类型的三维结构阵列。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of sample porosity on refractive index in THz non-destructive testing 太赫兹无损检测中试样孔隙率对折射率的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2602928
Ying Li, Zhaohui Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Tian-yao Zhang
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy has been widely applied in performing dielectric analysis for various materials. However, air voids trapped in samples will significantly affect the characterization. In this study, the refractive index of mixture samples consisting of iron trioxide and polytetrafluoroethylene in five different mass ratios were measured with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. In order to extract the intrinsic refractive index of iron trioxide, the effective medium model of CRI was then applied to remove refractive index of PTFE in the sample. The extracted refractive indices were presented as a variable parameter decrease with the increase of iron trioxide content, which also corresponds to the increase of air voids in the tablets. The correlation between trapped air voids and analyte composition roots from the coarse rust particles used in pellets compression. This study shows that the influence of air porosity should be considered when terahertz waves are utilized to characterize dielectric property of coarse material.
太赫兹时域光谱学已广泛应用于各种材料的介电分析。然而,样品中的空气空洞将显著影响表征。本研究用太赫兹时域光谱法测量了五种不同质量比的三氧化铁和聚四氟乙烯混合样品的折射率。为了提取三氧化铁的本征折射率,采用CRI有效介质模型去除样品中PTFE的折射率。提取的折射率随三氧化铁含量的增加呈可变参数下降,这也对应于片剂中空气空隙的增加。从颗粒压缩中使用的粗铁锈颗粒中捕获的空隙和分析物成分之间的相关性。研究表明,利用太赫兹波表征粗糙材料的介电特性时,应考虑空气孔隙率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in surface characteristics of stainless steel polished by nanosecond laser based on beam coupling 基于光束耦合的纳秒激光抛光不锈钢表面特性的变化
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2603292
Xiaoxiao Chen, Yuan Li, Huihui Zhang, Wenwu Zhang
The laser polishing process of metal materials has been extensively studied. This paper proposes a new type of beam-coupled laser polishing method to study the surface quality of polished stainless steel when the power and frequency change, and the changes of the surface roughness and topography with the laser power and frequency were analyzed. Under the condition of power 0.5W and frequency 10Khz, as the feed speed changes from 200mm/min to 1200mm/min, the surface roughness first decreases, then slightly increases. The single pulse energy decreases, and the surface roughness first increases and then decreases with increasing of the frequency from 10kHz to 20kHz. With low repetition frequency and single pulse energy, the surface roughness is significantly reduced to 0.19μm at the process parameters of 2.0W, 10Khz, and 600mm/min. Under the specific process parameters, the processed surface has a color change similar to that caused by surface quenching treatment. The surface material absorbs more laser light, and the processed surface microstructure changes. By adjusting the process parameters, the polishing quality can be improved. It is proved that the beam-coupled laser polishing of stainless steel is an effective polishing method.
金属材料的激光抛光工艺得到了广泛的研究。本文提出了一种新型光束耦合激光抛光方法,研究了功率和频率变化时抛光不锈钢的表面质量,并分析了表面粗糙度和形貌随激光功率和频率的变化。在功率0.5W、频率10Khz的条件下,随着进给速度从200mm/min到1200mm/min的变化,表面粗糙度先减小后略有增大。从10kHz到20kHz,随着频率的增加,单脉冲能量减小,表面粗糙度先增大后减小。在低重复频率和单脉冲能量下,在2.0W、10Khz和600mm/min的工艺参数下,表面粗糙度显著降低至0.19μm。在特定的工艺参数下,被加工表面具有类似于表面淬火处理引起的颜色变化。表面材料吸收更多的激光,加工后的表面微观结构发生变化。通过调整工艺参数,可以提高抛光质量。实验证明,光束耦合激光抛光是一种有效的不锈钢抛光方法。
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引用次数: 1
Measurement of distributed refractive index through Rayleigh backscattering spectra detection using a U-bent common fiber 利用u型弯曲普通光纤瑞利后向散射光谱检测测量分布折射率
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2600768
Qiao Shan, Liwen Sheng, Ping Song, Zhang Aiguo, Guo Honglong, Li Peng, Jinpeng Lang, Jin Hui, Qu Tianyang
We propose and experimentally validate a distributed refractive index (RI) sensor obtained by simply bending a piece of standard single mode fiber (SMF) to a radius of curvature in several millimeters with intact buffer coating. The RI of the external medium surrounding the U-bent optical fibers is measured by the wavelength shifts of the local Rayleigh backscattered spectra when the RI ranges from 1.3330 to 1.3773. To demonstrate the ability of distributed RI sensing based on the proposed method, this presented sensing element is employed to measure multipoint RI variations at the same time. The sensitivities are about 19.61nm/RIU (RI units), 27.59nm/RIU and 39.08nm/RIU in the proposed structure, respectively.
我们提出并实验验证了一种分布式折射率(RI)传感器,该传感器通过简单地将一段标准单模光纤(SMF)弯曲到几毫米的曲率半径,并具有完整的缓冲涂层。当RI值在1.3330 ~ 1.3773范围内时,利用局部瑞利背散射光谱的波长位移测量了u型弯曲光纤周围外介质的RI值。为了验证基于该方法的分布式RI感知能力,采用该传感元件同时测量多点RI变化。该结构的灵敏度分别为19.61nm/RIU、27.59nm/RIU和39.08nm/RIU。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of laser remelting on microstructure and mechanical property of AlCoCuFeNi high entropy alloy fabricated by laser additive manufacturing 激光重熔对激光增材制造AlCoCuFeNi高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1117/12.2603159
ye xuyang, Z. Mina, He Longjun, xu zifa, R. Dianbo, Zhang Wenwu
An approach of laser remelting (LR) during laser melting deposition (LMD) process was applied to improve the forming quality and mechanical properties of the AlCoCuFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs). In particular, the effect of laser remelting on the surface morphology, phase, microstructure and hardness of the parts were investigated using LSCM, SEM, XRD and Vickers microhardness tester. The results show that both LMD and LMD+LR samples dominantly consisted of a body-centered-cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution phases. There are many splash particles on the surface of the LMD part, which is attributed to the serious balling effect. The analysis shows that the LR process can improve the surface quality and microhardness of the LMD HEA samples due to the elimination of balling defects (microcracks and porosity).
采用激光熔化沉积(LMD)过程中激光重熔(LR)的方法来改善AlCoCuFeNi高熵合金(HEAs)的成形质量和力学性能。利用LSCM、SEM、XRD和维氏显微硬度计研究了激光重熔对零件表面形貌、物相、显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,LMD和LMD+LR样品主要由体心立方(BCC)和面心立方(FCC)固溶体组成。LMD零件表面有许多飞溅颗粒,这是由于严重的球化效应造成的。分析表明,LR工艺由于消除了球化缺陷(微裂纹和孔隙),可以提高LMD HEA样品的表面质量和显微硬度。
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引用次数: 0
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Sixteenth National Conference on Laser Technology and Optoelectronics
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