Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2082
Hussein Jaafer, Khalid Kadhem Al-Kinani
Background Idebenone is an extensively metabolized drug with poor water solubility that is used to treat Leiber’s hereditary optical neuropathy. Objective This study aims to prepare idebenone nanoemulsion as a poloxamer-based nasal gel to overcome the extensive rate of hepatic metabolism for better bioavailability and lower histopathological effect on the nasal mucosa. Methods The formulation strategy was based on eliciting mutual concentration reduction between the nanoemulsion and the carrier gel by setting their gelation temperature between 30-32°C to overcome the mucociliary dose washout. The o/w nanoemulsions rely on cremophor EL and transcutol as an emulsifying system to stabilize idebenone-loaded lemongrass oil. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare nanoemulsions that were characterized by zeta sizer while the thermosensitive hydrogels were prepared using the cold method. In-vitro dissolution test and ex-vivo permeation study through excised sheep nasal mucosa were performed to evaluate the enhanced permeation ratio, rate of permeation, and permeation coefficient. The histopathological effect of direct application on sheep nasal mucosa was studied using optical microscopy to evaluate cellular toxicity. Results The formula prepared from NE1 with poloxamer 407: poloxamer188 in concentrations 10:3% w/w respectively showed almost complete drug release in 120 minutes due to complete polymers blend erosion. Furthermore, thermosensitive nano-emulgel at a temperature of gelation 31.8°C was obtained at much lower concentrations of poloxamer 407 (10%) compared to previous studies. Nanoemulsions retained their globular size below 100nm due to further gel entrapment stabilization. Conclusions Drug permeation through excised sheep nasal mucosa elicited an increase in enhanced permeation ratio to 20.3 times and other flux kinetics parameters compared to those of IDB oil dispersion. Direct cellular toxicity showed a minor inflammatory response characterized by serous infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema. In contrast, most of the epithelial cells retained their histological characteristics compared to control slides. Received: Mar. 2023 Accepted: Aug 2023 Published: Oct.2023
{"title":"Preparation of Idebenone as a Thermosetting Nasal Gel for Better Bioavailability and Histopathological Effect","authors":"Hussein Jaafer, Khalid Kadhem Al-Kinani","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2082","url":null,"abstract":"Background Idebenone is an extensively metabolized drug with poor water solubility that is used to treat Leiber’s hereditary optical neuropathy. Objective This study aims to prepare idebenone nanoemulsion as a poloxamer-based nasal gel to overcome the extensive rate of hepatic metabolism for better bioavailability and lower histopathological effect on the nasal mucosa. Methods The formulation strategy was based on eliciting mutual concentration reduction between the nanoemulsion and the carrier gel by setting their gelation temperature between 30-32°C to overcome the mucociliary dose washout. The o/w nanoemulsions rely on cremophor EL and transcutol as an emulsifying system to stabilize idebenone-loaded lemongrass oil. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare nanoemulsions that were characterized by zeta sizer while the thermosensitive hydrogels were prepared using the cold method. In-vitro dissolution test and ex-vivo permeation study through excised sheep nasal mucosa were performed to evaluate the enhanced permeation ratio, rate of permeation, and permeation coefficient. The histopathological effect of direct application on sheep nasal mucosa was studied using optical microscopy to evaluate cellular toxicity. Results The formula prepared from NE1 with poloxamer 407: poloxamer188 in concentrations 10:3% w/w respectively showed almost complete drug release in 120 minutes due to complete polymers blend erosion. Furthermore, thermosensitive nano-emulgel at a temperature of gelation 31.8°C was obtained at much lower concentrations of poloxamer 407 (10%) compared to previous studies. Nanoemulsions retained their globular size below 100nm due to further gel entrapment stabilization. Conclusions Drug permeation through excised sheep nasal mucosa elicited an increase in enhanced permeation ratio to 20.3 times and other flux kinetics parameters compared to those of IDB oil dispersion. Direct cellular toxicity showed a minor inflammatory response characterized by serous infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema. In contrast, most of the epithelial cells retained their histological characteristics compared to control slides. Received: Mar. 2023 Accepted: Aug 2023 Published: Oct.2023","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2047
Sura Albermany, Noor Abd Alwahab Mahdi
Background: The first month of life is the most vulnerable period and mortality during this period is an important component of under-5 mortalities. Causes of death in this period are preventable like sepsis, RDS, and asphyxia, while others are not like multiple congenital abnormalities. Objectives: To study the death rate and main causes of death in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH) through the period (2018-2021). Patients and methods: The death per year for the four years of the study and causes of death were collected retrospectively and analyzed for total death rate and rate for each year, sex distribution, male-to-female ratio, early and late death rate, and main causes of death. Results: it was found that the total death rate is 17.3%, male: female ratio 1.6: 1. The early neonatal death was 54.3% and the late neonatal death was 45.6%. The main causes are congenital anomalies (39%), sepsis (17.4%), prematurity (16.9%), RDS (10.8%), postoperative complications (7.5%), and birth asphyxia (1.9%). Conclusions: The death rate in the NICU / CWTH is still high despite improvement in respiratory care and the use of invasive and noninvasive respiratory support. The death rate because of congenital abnormalities was the main cause of death. Received: Dec,, 2022 Accepted: July, 2023 Published: Oct.2023
{"title":"Death rate and causes of death in the neonatal intensive care unit in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (2018-2021)","authors":"Sura Albermany, Noor Abd Alwahab Mahdi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2047","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The first month of life is the most vulnerable period and mortality during this period is an important component of under-5 mortalities. Causes of death in this period are preventable like sepsis, RDS, and asphyxia, while others are not like multiple congenital abnormalities. Objectives: To study the death rate and main causes of death in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH) through the period (2018-2021). Patients and methods: The death per year for the four years of the study and causes of death were collected retrospectively and analyzed for total death rate and rate for each year, sex distribution, male-to-female ratio, early and late death rate, and main causes of death. Results: it was found that the total death rate is 17.3%, male: female ratio 1.6: 1. The early neonatal death was 54.3% and the late neonatal death was 45.6%. The main causes are congenital anomalies (39%), sepsis (17.4%), prematurity (16.9%), RDS (10.8%), postoperative complications (7.5%), and birth asphyxia (1.9%). Conclusions: The death rate in the NICU / CWTH is still high despite improvement in respiratory care and the use of invasive and noninvasive respiratory support. The death rate because of congenital abnormalities was the main cause of death. Received: Dec,, 2022 Accepted: July, 2023 Published: Oct.2023","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2078
Noorulhuda Ojaimi Mahdi Al-Dahlaki, Safaa Al-Deen Ahmed Shanter Al-Qaysi
Background: Invasive fungal infections have become more common during the past two decades. Candida species are the most common human fungal infections. Internal injuries characterize these infections because of virulence factors, such as gliotoxin, which is a fungal toxin that is thought to be antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral. Objectives: To test the ability of Candida species obtained from clinical sources to produce gliotoxin as a virulence factor and investigate its cytotoxicity effects against some selected cell lines. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten clinical isolates of Candida species were obtained from patients attending hospitals in Baghdad from September 2021 to March 2022. They were diagnosed and characterized by routine laboratory methods and cultures. The capability of Candida isolates to secrete the gliotoxin was tested and measured by analytical methods. The cytotoxicity of produced gliotoxin was applied against normal and cancer cell lines. Results: The 110 yeast isolates were diagnosed and identified as follows: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida Krusei, Candida kefyr, Candida lusitaniae, Candida rugosa. Twenty-eight Candida isolates showed gliotoxin production. The cytotoxicity effects of gliotoxin were reported against lymphocytes and AMGM and AMJ13 cell lines in different concentrations. The highest cytotoxic effect was noticed in the concentration of 400 µg/mL of gliotoxin. Conclusion: The results indicated that the pathogenicity of Candida was distributed among all ages, both sexes, and several types of sources of clinical isolates. Gliotoxin had an effect on normal and cancer cells. Received: Feb., 2023 Accepted: Aug. 2023 Published: Oct. 2023
{"title":"Cytotoxic effect of Gliotoxin from Candida spp. isolated from clinical sources against cancer and normal cell lines","authors":"Noorulhuda Ojaimi Mahdi Al-Dahlaki, Safaa Al-Deen Ahmed Shanter Al-Qaysi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2078","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Invasive fungal infections have become more common during the past two decades. Candida species are the most common human fungal infections. Internal injuries characterize these infections because of virulence factors, such as gliotoxin, which is a fungal toxin that is thought to be antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral. Objectives: To test the ability of Candida species obtained from clinical sources to produce gliotoxin as a virulence factor and investigate its cytotoxicity effects against some selected cell lines. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten clinical isolates of Candida species were obtained from patients attending hospitals in Baghdad from September 2021 to March 2022. They were diagnosed and characterized by routine laboratory methods and cultures. The capability of Candida isolates to secrete the gliotoxin was tested and measured by analytical methods. The cytotoxicity of produced gliotoxin was applied against normal and cancer cell lines. Results: The 110 yeast isolates were diagnosed and identified as follows: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida Krusei, Candida kefyr, Candida lusitaniae, Candida rugosa. Twenty-eight Candida isolates showed gliotoxin production. The cytotoxicity effects of gliotoxin were reported against lymphocytes and AMGM and AMJ13 cell lines in different concentrations. The highest cytotoxic effect was noticed in the concentration of 400 µg/mL of gliotoxin. Conclusion: The results indicated that the pathogenicity of Candida was distributed among all ages, both sexes, and several types of sources of clinical isolates. Gliotoxin had an effect on normal and cancer cells. Received: Feb., 2023 Accepted: Aug. 2023 Published: Oct. 2023","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2105
Saif Salahuddin Jasim, None Ghada Ibrahim Taha
J Fac Med Baghdad 2023; Vol.65, No. 3 Received:March., 2023 Accepted: June. 2023 Published: Oct. 2023 Background: Periodontitis is a long-standing infection that destroys the gums, periodontal ligaments, and the alveolar bone that supports the teeth. Inflammation of the gums and chronic periodontitis are both caused by the bacteria in the dental plaque and the herpes viruses, especially types 1 and 2 of the herpes simplex virus. Objectives: To compare the ELISA and real-time PCR as ways to detect the herpes simplex virus in breast cancer patients with periodontitis who are receiving chemotherapy. Cases and methods: In this case-control study, a total of 90 subjects (30 with periodontitis with breast cancer after receiving chemotherapy, 30 with periodontitis (without chemotherapy treatment), and 30 cases which do not have periodontitis (healthy gingiva) and without breast cancer as a healthy control group. The mean ±SD age was (51.06±8.521). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for the analysis and Real-Time PCR to detection of Herpes simplex virus-1 in saliva samples. Results: In the present study, the incidence of HSV-1 Ag in patients having periodontitis and receiving chemotherapy was high but not significantly so compared with those having periodontitis but without chemotherapy and the healthy control group. In contrast, the result of Real-time PCR was positive (13.3%) and (10.0%), which proves the presence of HSV in most patients with periodontitis without chemotherapy and with periodontitis receiving chemotherapy but was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Real-time PCR was able to back up ELISA's findings in this study. Since ELISA is more cost-effective than real-time PCR, it is advised that the first screening may be performed using ELISA, and then positive samples might be investigated with real-time PCR to confirm the presence of HSV-DNA Received:March., 2023 Accepted: June. 2023 Published: Oct. 2023
J Fac Med巴格达2023;第65卷第3期收稿日期:3月背景:牙周炎是一种长期的感染，它会破坏牙龈、牙周韧带和支撑牙齿的牙槽骨。牙龈炎症和慢性牙周炎都是由牙菌斑中的细菌和疱疹病毒引起的，尤其是单纯疱疹病毒的1型和2型。目的:比较ELISA和real-time PCR在乳腺癌牙周炎化疗患者单纯疱疹病毒检测中的应用。病例与方法:本病例-对照研究共90例，其中30例为化疗后牙周炎合并乳腺癌患者，30例为牙周炎(未化疗)患者，30例为无牙周炎(健康牙龈)、无乳腺癌患者作为健康对照组。平均±SD年龄为(51.06±8.521)岁。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒和实时荧光定量PCR检测唾液样品中的单纯疱疹病毒1型。结果:在本研究中，接受化疗的牙周炎患者中HSV-1 Ag的发病率较高，但与未接受化疗的牙周炎患者和健康对照组相比差异不显著。而Real-time PCR结果分别为阳性(13.3%)和阳性(10.0%)，说明大多数未化疗的牙周炎患者和接受化疗的牙周炎患者存在HSV，但差异不显著(p>0.05)。结论:Real-time PCR能够支持ELISA的研究结果。由于ELISA比实时PCR更具成本效益，建议先用ELISA进行筛选，然后用实时PCR对阳性样本进行调查，以确认是否存在HSV-DNA。， 2023录用日期:2023年6月出版日期:2023年10月
{"title":"Comparison between HSV-1 Ag detection techniques by ELISA and real-time PCR in breast cancer patients suffering from periodontitis","authors":"Saif Salahuddin Jasim, None Ghada Ibrahim Taha","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2105","url":null,"abstract":"J Fac Med Baghdad 2023; Vol.65, No. 3 Received:March., 2023 Accepted: June. 2023 Published: Oct. 2023 Background: Periodontitis is a long-standing infection that destroys the gums, periodontal ligaments, and the alveolar bone that supports the teeth. Inflammation of the gums and chronic periodontitis are both caused by the bacteria in the dental plaque and the herpes viruses, especially types 1 and 2 of the herpes simplex virus. Objectives: To compare the ELISA and real-time PCR as ways to detect the herpes simplex virus in breast cancer patients with periodontitis who are receiving chemotherapy. Cases and methods: In this case-control study, a total of 90 subjects (30 with periodontitis with breast cancer after receiving chemotherapy, 30 with periodontitis (without chemotherapy treatment), and 30 cases which do not have periodontitis (healthy gingiva) and without breast cancer as a healthy control group. The mean ±SD age was (51.06±8.521). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for the analysis and Real-Time PCR to detection of Herpes simplex virus-1 in saliva samples. Results: In the present study, the incidence of HSV-1 Ag in patients having periodontitis and receiving chemotherapy was high but not significantly so compared with those having periodontitis but without chemotherapy and the healthy control group. In contrast, the result of Real-time PCR was positive (13.3%) and (10.0%), which proves the presence of HSV in most patients with periodontitis without chemotherapy and with periodontitis receiving chemotherapy but was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Real-time PCR was able to back up ELISA's findings in this study. Since ELISA is more cost-effective than real-time PCR, it is advised that the first screening may be performed using ELISA, and then positive samples might be investigated with real-time PCR to confirm the presence of HSV-DNA Received:March., 2023 Accepted: June. 2023 Published: Oct. 2023","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1979
Nadia Alewe Mijbel, Shafa Jamil Ibrahim
Background: According to several animal and human studies, Vitamin D appears to play a substantial role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, However, the possibility of vitamin D's Reno protective impact and influence on the reversal of already-existing renal damage remains speculative. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are ubiquitous worldwide and have been linked to a variety of pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes, allergies, autoimmune illnesses, pregnancy difficulties, and, more recently, worse COVID-19 clinical outcomes. From a translational perspective, the goal of this review is to look into the potential function of vitamin D in the development of diabetic kidney diseases Aim of the study: to evaluate the role of vit. D on renal function in patients with DMT1. Patient and Method: The total number of study participants was 120, divided into three groups: Group A: Included 40 patients have DM with NP (stage1, stage 2, stage 3a), Group B included 40 patients who had DM without NP, and group C included 40 healthy participants (control). Samples were taken from the Diabetic control clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center/Al-Kindy Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City, and Al-Shaheed Al-Sadder General Hospital during the period from October 2021 to March 2022. Result: Statistically significant weak positive correlations were detected between vitamin D and GFR (r= 0.321, P= 0.001); while a significant moderate negative correlation was seen between vitamin D and HbA1c (r= -0.494, P= 0.001) and weak negative correlation was seen with B. Urea (r= -0.2, P= 0.028). No statistically significant correlations were detected between vitamin D and all of age, DM duration, and s. creatinine. Conclusion: Our data suggest a correlation between reduced levels of vitamin D3 and diabetes nephropathy and it may be a potential predictor for both the occurrence and severity of diabetic nephropathy
背景：根据几项动物和人类研究，维生素D似乎在糖尿病肾病的发展中发挥着重要作用。然而，维生素D的雷诺保护作用和对逆转现有肾损伤的影响的可能性仍然是推测性的。维生素D缺乏和不足在世界各地普遍存在，并与多种病理生理状况有关，包括糖尿病、过敏、自身免疫性疾病、妊娠困难，以及最近更严重的新冠肺炎临床结果。从翻译的角度来看，这篇综述的目的是探讨维生素D在糖尿病肾病发展中的潜在功能。研究目的：评估维生素D的作用。D对DMT1患者肾功能的影响。患者和方法：研究参与者总数为120人，分为三组：A组：包括40名患有糖尿病伴NP的患者（1期、2期、3a期），B组包括40名无NP的糖尿病患者，C组包括40例健康参与者（对照）。在2021年10月至2022年3月期间，从内分泌和糖尿病中心/Al Kindy医院、巴格达教学医院/医疗城和Al Shaheed Al Sadder综合医院的糖尿病控制诊所采集样本。结果：维生素D与肾小球滤过率之间存在统计学显著的弱正相关（r=0.321，P=0.001）；维生素D与HbA1c呈中度负相关（r=-0.494，P=0.001），与尿素双歧杆菌呈弱负相关（r=-0.2，P=0.028）。结论：我们的数据表明维生素D3水平降低与糖尿病肾病之间存在相关性，它可能是糖尿病肾病发生和严重程度的潜在预测指标
{"title":"The Relationship between Levels of Serum Vit. D and Kidney Function in Diabetic Nephropathy Iraqi Patient","authors":"Nadia Alewe Mijbel, Shafa Jamil Ibrahim","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1979","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to several animal and human studies, Vitamin D appears to play a substantial role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, However, the possibility of vitamin D's Reno protective impact and influence on the reversal of already-existing renal damage remains speculative. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are ubiquitous worldwide and have been linked to a variety of pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes, allergies, autoimmune illnesses, pregnancy difficulties, and, more recently, worse COVID-19 clinical outcomes. From a translational perspective, the goal of this review is to look into the potential function of vitamin D in the development of diabetic kidney diseases\u0000Aim of the study: to evaluate the role of vit. D on renal function in patients with DMT1.\u0000Patient and Method: The total number of study participants was 120, divided into three groups: Group A: Included 40 patients have DM with NP (stage1, stage 2, stage 3a), Group B included 40 patients who had DM without NP, and group C included 40 healthy participants (control). Samples were taken from the Diabetic control clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center/Al-Kindy Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City, and Al-Shaheed Al-Sadder General Hospital during the period from October 2021 to March 2022. \u0000Result: Statistically significant weak positive correlations were detected between vitamin D and GFR (r= 0.321, P= 0.001); while a significant moderate negative correlation was seen between vitamin D and HbA1c (r= -0.494, P= 0.001) and weak negative correlation was seen with B. Urea (r= -0.2, P= 0.028). No statistically significant correlations were detected between vitamin D and all of age, DM duration, and s. creatinine.\u0000Conclusion: Our data suggest a correlation between reduced levels of vitamin D3 and diabetes nephropathy and it may be a potential predictor for both the occurrence and severity of diabetic nephropathy","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49457899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2039
Dhuha Ali, Ghada Taha
Background: The most widely used vaccination against SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the Pfizer vaccine, which provides protection against this virus. However, its ability to safeguard the oral cavity is unclear, and neither are the exact immunological biomarker levels it activates. Aim of the study: To investigate the possibility that Pfizer vaccination protects the oral cavity against Covid-19. Patients and Methods: The study group consisted of a total of 70 subjects (30 as the control group They were followed up before being vaccinated as non-vaccinated (maybe previously infected or non-infected or recovered) and 40 participants followed up three weeks after the first dose and one week after the second vaccination. All saliva samples were collected from the individuals in the current study at the medical city hospital in Baghdad from September 2021 to July 2022. The salivary biomarkers sIgA and IL-17 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Result: Secretory IgA levels showed a highly significant difference (p0.05) in the followed-up group after the first vaccination compared to the non-vaccinated group (controls), however, a non-significant difference in its level was found in the followed-up group after the first vaccination compared to after the second vaccination. In contrast to healthy controls, non-vaccinated participants had greater salivary IL-17 levels. Followed-up participants’ IL-17 levels did not change significantly after the first and second vaccines (P>0.05). Conclusion: The Pfizer vaccine had a minor impact on sIgA because mRNA vaccines protect systemically more than salivary. Nevertheless, the Pfizer vaccine raises IL-17 levels after the first and second doses without triggering cytokine syndrome.
{"title":"Effect of Covid-19 vaccine on some immunological salivary biomarkers (sIgA and Interleukine-17)","authors":"Dhuha Ali, Ghada Taha","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2039","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most widely used vaccination against SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the Pfizer vaccine, which provides protection against this virus. However, its ability to safeguard the oral cavity is unclear, and neither are the exact immunological biomarker levels it activates.\u0000Aim of the study: To investigate the possibility that Pfizer vaccination protects the oral cavity against Covid-19.\u0000Patients and Methods: The study group consisted of a total of 70 subjects (30 as the control group They were followed up before being vaccinated as non-vaccinated (maybe previously infected or non-infected or recovered) and 40 participants followed up three weeks after the first dose and one week after the second vaccination. All saliva samples were collected from the individuals in the current study at the medical city hospital in Baghdad from September 2021 to July 2022. The salivary biomarkers sIgA and IL-17 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.\u0000Result: Secretory IgA levels showed a highly significant difference (p0.05) in the followed-up group after the first vaccination compared to the non-vaccinated group (controls), however, a non-significant difference in its level was found in the followed-up group after the first vaccination compared to after the second vaccination. In contrast to healthy controls, non-vaccinated participants had greater salivary IL-17 levels. Followed-up participants’ IL-17 levels did not change significantly after the first and second vaccines (P>0.05).\u0000Conclusion: The Pfizer vaccine had a minor impact on sIgA because mRNA vaccines protect systemically more than salivary. Nevertheless, the Pfizer vaccine raises IL-17 levels after the first and second doses without triggering cytokine syndrome.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41306313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1991
Rasha Abdulrida, Thukaa Z. Abdul-Jalil
Background: Euonymus japonicus is one species of celastraceous family used as decorative plant and in traditional Chinese medicine. The lack of information about the main active constituents and the possible biological activities of Iraqi Euonymus japonicus leaves is considered a motivation to start this in vitro study Aim of the study: to identify the phytochemical components and to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities Material and Methods: The chemical composition of Iraqi Euonymus japonicus leaves was identified and analyzed using the Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography approach and the antioxidant properties were measured by free radical - scavenging assay DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate). Furthermore, the antibacterial properties were evaluated via the agar well diffusion method against two pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus- aureus, E. coli, and Candida albicans. Results: The results showed that the main active constituents of Euonymus japonicus leaves in ethyl acetate fraction were Naringenin, vitexin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, and quercetin respectively.in addition, antioxidant activity ethyl-acetate fraction had the greatest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 54.89 μg /mL while the highest antimicrobial efficacy of the ethyl acetate extract (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) was demonstrated by the inhibitory zones (12-19 mm for Staphylococcus- aureus,16-20 mm for E. coli,16-21 mm for candida albicans) compared with positive control Augmentin (19 mm) and ketoconazole (16mm) respectively Conclusion: The first identification of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of E. japonic in vitro, show this plant has the highest activity compared to standard, this activity is related to the polyphenolic compound.
{"title":"Evaluation of the active constituents, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Iraqi Euonymus japonicus leaves using Ethyl Acetate Extract","authors":"Rasha Abdulrida, Thukaa Z. Abdul-Jalil","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.1991","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Euonymus japonicus is one species of celastraceous family used as decorative plant and in traditional Chinese medicine. The lack of information about the main active constituents and the possible biological activities of Iraqi Euonymus japonicus leaves is considered a motivation to start this in vitro study\u0000Aim of the study: to identify the phytochemical components and to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities\u0000Material and Methods: The chemical composition of Iraqi Euonymus japonicus leaves was identified and analyzed using the Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography approach and the antioxidant properties were measured by free radical - scavenging assay DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate). Furthermore, the antibacterial properties were evaluated via the agar well diffusion method against two pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus- aureus, E. coli, and Candida albicans.\u0000Results: The results showed that the main active constituents of Euonymus japonicus leaves in ethyl acetate fraction were Naringenin, vitexin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, and quercetin respectively.in addition, antioxidant activity ethyl-acetate fraction had the greatest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 54.89 μg /mL while the highest antimicrobial efficacy of the ethyl acetate extract (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) was demonstrated by the inhibitory zones (12-19 mm for Staphylococcus- aureus,16-20 mm for E. coli,16-21 mm for candida albicans) compared with positive control Augmentin (19 mm) and ketoconazole (16mm) respectively\u0000Conclusion: The first identification of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of E. japonic in vitro, show this plant has the highest activity compared to standard, this activity is related to the polyphenolic compound.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44701805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2091
Arkan Altmimi, Nadiya Younis, Moneer K. Faraj
Background: Since energy is the product of volume times dosage, volumes are given a weighting that is proportionate to the dose that they have received. This is a result that energy is a measure of how much substance has been absorbed. Aim of the study: The current study aimed to study the fluctuation of the efficiency index and Paddick with differences in the target volume. Method The efficiency index and conformance index data were computed for each of the thirty scheduled clinical treatments using the Leksell Gamma Knife® Icon™ version (11.1) and compared to the target volume. Data analysis was carried out using the available statistical package for Social Sciences. Result The value of efficiency index (ƞ50% ) for the 30 clinical stereotactic radiosurgery treatment plans ranged from 44% to 84% with a mean value of 63%.and value of conformity was 47% to 82% with a mean value of 60.6%, The study also showed a strong relationship between target volume and this indexes. Conclusion: Volumes are given a weighting that is proportional to the dose that they have absorbed because energy is the product of volume times dose, where there would be a correlation between efficiency and conformance improvements and an increase in the target volume
{"title":"Study of target volume effect on efficiency index and paddick comformty index for arteriovenous malformation treatment plans by gamma knife","authors":"Arkan Altmimi, Nadiya Younis, Moneer K. Faraj","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2091","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since energy is the product of volume times dosage, volumes are given a weighting that is proportionate to the dose that they have received. This is a result that energy is a measure of how much substance has been absorbed.\u0000Aim of the study: The current study aimed to study the fluctuation of the efficiency index and Paddick with differences in the target volume.\u0000Method The efficiency index and conformance index data were computed for each of the thirty scheduled clinical treatments using the Leksell Gamma Knife® Icon™ version (11.1) and compared to the target volume. Data analysis was carried out using the available statistical package for Social Sciences.\u0000Result The value of efficiency index (ƞ50% ) for the 30 clinical stereotactic radiosurgery treatment plans ranged from 44% to 84% with a mean value of 63%.and value of conformity was 47% to 82% with a mean value of 60.6%, The study also showed a strong relationship between target volume and this indexes.\u0000Conclusion: Volumes are given a weighting that is proportional to the dose that they have absorbed because energy is the product of volume times dose, where there would be a correlation between efficiency and conformance improvements and an increase in the target volume","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2127
Russul Anwer, M. Funjan, R. Al-Battat
Background: Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices produce polychromatic incoherent high-intensity pulsed light with a specified wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration through the use of flashlamps and bandpass filters. Similar to lasers, IPL devices operate on the selective photothermolysis principle, with melanin acting as the chromophore. Despite this similarity, they are constructed differently and produce different amounts of light Aim of the study: To investigate the efficacy of IPL home-use device in hair reduction technique for women with unwanted facial hair. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in Baghdad on forty-five female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototype (II to IV) and black, brown hair in a period of eight months with five sessions. The treatment area (1 of chin) photographs and the density of hair (hair count) after each session were compared to the pretreatment. Results: After five sessions a percentage average of hair reduction reached 70.9% (P-value ≤0.01) from the pretreatment density of hairs. Also, the physician's GAIS(global esthetic improvement scale) score was used in order to evaluate hair reduction. After five sessions, it was found that 40% of the subjects had excellent response, 56.6% had good responses and 3.33% had average responses (p-value ≤0.01) Conclusion: The current study shows that the IPL technique used for hair reduction is effective and safe to use for the subject’s Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (II to IV) facial hair.
{"title":"The effectiveness of intense pulsed light (home use) device in facial hair reduction","authors":"Russul Anwer, M. Funjan, R. Al-Battat","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices produce polychromatic incoherent high-intensity pulsed light with a specified wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration through the use of flashlamps and bandpass filters. Similar to lasers, IPL devices operate on the selective photothermolysis principle, with melanin acting as the chromophore. Despite this similarity, they are constructed differently and produce different amounts of light\u0000Aim of the study: To investigate the efficacy of IPL home-use device in hair reduction technique for women with unwanted facial hair.\u0000Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in Baghdad on forty-five female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototype (II to IV) and black, brown hair in a period of eight months with five sessions. The treatment area (1 of chin) photographs and the density of hair (hair count) after each session were compared to the pretreatment.\u0000Results: After five sessions a percentage average of hair reduction reached 70.9% (P-value ≤0.01) from the pretreatment density of hairs. Also, the physician's GAIS(global esthetic improvement scale) score was used in order to evaluate hair reduction. After five sessions, it was found that 40% of the subjects had excellent response, 56.6% had good responses and 3.33% had average responses (p-value ≤0.01)\u0000Conclusion: The current study shows that the IPL technique used for hair reduction is effective and safe to use for the subject’s Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (II to IV) facial hair. ","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48441650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2044
Abeer Maulan Mohammed, Sarmad Mohammed Zayni, Muhammad M. AL-Anee, Faiq Isho Corial, Adnan Al- Rubaee
Background: Researchers have found that interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a crucial regulatory function in the onset and progression of a wide range of inflammatory disorders. One of the more prevalent inflammatory illnesses affecting people today is rheumatoid arthritis. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to compare the IL-6 levels of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to those of healthy controls and to examine the relationship between IL-6 and RA-related demographic and clinical factors. Materials and Method A total of 80 participants: 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sufferers and 40 healthy controls, all of whom ranged in age from 23 to 61. The serum concentrations of (IL-6) were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Increased IL-6 blood levels were associated with rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that this biomarker may be useful for diagnosing the disease at an early stage. There was no statistically significant correlation between disease severity and the DAS28 score and IL-6 levels in the serum. Conclusion: The cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been proposed as a biomarker and possible player in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
{"title":"Diagnostic and Predictive Values of IL-6 in a Group of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Abeer Maulan Mohammed, Sarmad Mohammed Zayni, Muhammad M. AL-Anee, Faiq Isho Corial, Adnan Al- Rubaee","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2044","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Researchers have found that interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a crucial regulatory function in the onset and progression of a wide range of inflammatory disorders. One of the more prevalent inflammatory illnesses affecting people today is rheumatoid arthritis.\u0000Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to compare the IL-6 levels of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to those of healthy controls and to examine the relationship between IL-6 and RA-related demographic and clinical factors. Materials and Method A total of 80 participants: 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sufferers and 40 healthy controls, all of whom ranged in age from 23 to 61. The serum concentrations of (IL-6) were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\u0000Results: Increased IL-6 blood levels were associated with rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that this biomarker may be useful for diagnosing the disease at an early stage. There was no statistically significant correlation between disease severity and the DAS28 score and IL-6 levels in the serum.\u0000Conclusion: The cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been proposed as a biomarker and possible player in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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