Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441939
Z. Abdulrahman, Mohammed Qasim Alatrakji, A. A. Al-Maliky, K. Hussein, S. Hussain
Background: Numerous factors, including metformin doses and treatment adherence, may contribute to significant variations in glycemic control and adiposity markers of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Objectives : This study aims to determine the influence of metformin dose and treatment adherence on glycemic control and adiposity markers in Iraqi patients with T2DM. Methods: Between October 2021 and March 2022, a case-series study at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center – Baghdad included 153 T2DM patients with a disease duration of more than one year. Clinical and physical examinations were conducted before enrolment. We measured anthropometric variables to calculate the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and other surrogate indicators. We measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, HDL-c, and triglycerides in the serum. Results: Increasing metformin doses did not improve the studied parameters. Adherence to treatment significantly influences fasting glycemia, HbA1c level, and the markers of adiposity. Meanwhile, increasing metformin doses is not associated with changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk markers. Conclusion: Beyond metformin dose up-titration, treatment adherence affects glycemic control, visceral adiposity, and CVD risk surrogates. Metformin dose up-titration was not linked to insulin resistance and body fat contents.
{"title":"Influence of Metformin Dose and Treatment Adherence on Glycemic Control, Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Iraqi Patients with T2DM","authors":"Z. Abdulrahman, Mohammed Qasim Alatrakji, A. A. Al-Maliky, K. Hussein, S. Hussain","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441939","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Numerous factors, including metformin doses and treatment adherence, may contribute to significant variations in glycemic control and adiposity markers of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.\u0000Objectives : This study aims to determine the influence of metformin dose and treatment adherence on glycemic control and adiposity markers in Iraqi patients with T2DM.\u0000Methods: Between October 2021 and March 2022, a case-series study at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center – Baghdad included 153 T2DM patients with a disease duration of more than one year. Clinical and physical examinations were conducted before enrolment. We measured anthropometric variables to calculate the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and other surrogate indicators. We measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, HDL-c, and triglycerides in the serum.\u0000Results: Increasing metformin doses did not improve the studied parameters. Adherence to treatment significantly influences fasting glycemia, HbA1c level, and the markers of adiposity. Meanwhile, increasing metformin doses is not associated with changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk markers.\u0000Conclusion: Beyond metformin dose up-titration, treatment adherence affects glycemic control, visceral adiposity, and CVD risk surrogates. Metformin dose up-titration was not linked to insulin resistance and body fat contents.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45657940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431928
Maha hassan Gadhi, Eman S. Saleh
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is caused coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) affecting people worldwide. The angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) represents areceptor of SARS-CoV-2 on the infected host cell. Apelin or its receptor agonists suppress the production ofangiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II (Ang-II) and is characterized by a protective effectagainst SARS-CoV-2.Objective: The study aims to assess the serum level of Elabela biomarker as an early detector for AcuteKidney Injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19.Cases and Methods: This is a case-control study which included 45 hospitalized adult patients in multiplecenters (public hospitals) receiving COVID-19 cases in Baghdad. These cases had a positive real-time orreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasal/oropharyngeal swabs. Excluded from thestudy were those with a negative PCR and comorbidities and 43 apparently healthy adult subjects as controls.The age range of the cases and controls was (20 to 60) yearsResult: There are no a statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age and genderdistribution. Statistically significant differences were found in terms of eGFR, S. Creatinine, D. dimer,NEU×103/µL, LYM×103/µL and ELA biomarker. Significant negative correlations were found betweenElabela with D. dimer and NEU×103/µL, and between eGFR with S. creatinine, D. Dimer, and NUT×103/µL.Conclusion: The Elabela biomarker can be used for the early detection of acute kidney injury in COVID-19patients.
{"title":"Measurement of the serum level of Elabela for the early detection of acute kidney injury in hospitalized Iraqi COVID-19 patients","authors":"Maha hassan Gadhi, Eman S. Saleh","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431928","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is caused coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) affecting people worldwide. The angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) represents areceptor of SARS-CoV-2 on the infected host cell. Apelin or its receptor agonists suppress the production ofangiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II (Ang-II) and is characterized by a protective effectagainst SARS-CoV-2.Objective: The study aims to assess the serum level of Elabela biomarker as an early detector for AcuteKidney Injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19.Cases and Methods: This is a case-control study which included 45 hospitalized adult patients in multiplecenters (public hospitals) receiving COVID-19 cases in Baghdad. These cases had a positive real-time orreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasal/oropharyngeal swabs. Excluded from thestudy were those with a negative PCR and comorbidities and 43 apparently healthy adult subjects as controls.The age range of the cases and controls was (20 to 60) yearsResult: There are no a statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age and genderdistribution. Statistically significant differences were found in terms of eGFR, S. Creatinine, D. dimer,NEU×103/µL, LYM×103/µL and ELA biomarker. Significant negative correlations were found betweenElabela with D. dimer and NEU×103/µL, and between eGFR with S. creatinine, D. Dimer, and NUT×103/µL.Conclusion: The Elabela biomarker can be used for the early detection of acute kidney injury in COVID-19patients.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431943
Wasan Wajdi Ibrahim, Maha Talib Mosa
Background: Preterm labor and related prematurity are predisposing factors that increase perinatal morbidity and mortality. Acute phase reactants are inflammatory markers which are positive and negative reactants explained by the reaction of reactants to the subclinical infection that are commonly associated with preterm labor. Objectives: To assess the role of acute phase reactants in pregnant women with preterm delivery. Patients and method: A case control study conducted in Gynecological Department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 1st February 2021 to 30th October 2021, on one hundred pregnant women with gestational age (28weeks - 36weeks+6days) who attended outpatient clinic; fifty pregnant women with established preterm labor as case group and fifty pregnant women with no signs and symptoms of preterm labor as control group. Data was collected using structured questionnaire included demographic features, and biochemical parameters (serum ferritin (ng/ml), albumin (gm/dl), fibrinogen (mg/dl), and calcium (mg/dl) . Results: Mean±SD serum ferritin in control group was (46.2 ± 16.2 ng/ml) while in case group (52.47 ± 11.6ng/ml) with significant difference between both groups (P=0.03), mean±SD serum albumin in control group (3.18 ± 0.31 ng/ml) while in case group (2.92 ± 0.39) with highly significant difference between both groups (P<0.001). Validity test of serum ferritin at cutoff ≥ 52.7 (ng/ml) in case group was as follows: Sensitivity (94%), specificity (90%), negative predictive value (94%), positive predictive value (90%) and the accuracy was (92%). The validity test of serum albumin at cutoff ≤ 3.06 (gm/dl) to detect the preterm labor as follows: Sensitivity (78%), specificity (86%), negative predictive value (78%), positive predictive value (83%) and the accuracy was (84%). Mean±SD serum fibrinogen in control group was (400.9 ± 38.1) while in case group was (410.7 ± 51.2) with no significant difference between both groups (P=0.1). Mean±SD serum calcium in control group was (8.1 ± 0.7) while in case group was (7.92 ± 0.5) with no significant difference between both groups (P=0.1). Conclusion: serum ferritin and albumin can be used in prediction of preterm labor in 3rd trimester.
{"title":"The Role of Acute Phase Reactants (Fibrinogen, Ferritin, Albumin, Calcium) in Pregnant Women with Preterm Delivery","authors":"Wasan Wajdi Ibrahim, Maha Talib Mosa","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm labor and related prematurity are predisposing factors that increase perinatal morbidity and mortality. Acute phase reactants are inflammatory markers which are positive and negative reactants explained by the reaction of reactants to the subclinical infection that are commonly associated with preterm labor.\u0000Objectives: To assess the role of acute phase reactants in pregnant women with preterm delivery.\u0000Patients and method: A case control study conducted in Gynecological Department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 1st February 2021 to 30th October 2021, on one hundred pregnant women with gestational age (28weeks - 36weeks+6days) who attended outpatient clinic; fifty pregnant women with established preterm labor as case group and fifty pregnant women with no signs and symptoms of preterm labor as control group. Data was collected using structured questionnaire included demographic features, and biochemical parameters (serum ferritin (ng/ml), albumin (gm/dl), fibrinogen (mg/dl), and calcium (mg/dl) .\u0000Results: Mean±SD serum ferritin in control group was (46.2 ± 16.2 ng/ml) while in case group (52.47 ± 11.6ng/ml) with significant difference between both groups (P=0.03), mean±SD serum albumin in control group (3.18 ± 0.31 ng/ml) while in case group (2.92 ± 0.39) with highly significant difference between both groups (P<0.001). Validity test of serum ferritin at cutoff ≥ 52.7 (ng/ml) in case group was as follows: Sensitivity (94%), specificity (90%), negative predictive value (94%), positive predictive value (90%) and the accuracy was (92%). The validity test of serum albumin at cutoff ≤ 3.06 (gm/dl) to detect the preterm labor as follows: Sensitivity (78%), specificity (86%), negative predictive value (78%), positive predictive value (83%) and the accuracy was (84%). Mean±SD serum fibrinogen in control group was (400.9 ± 38.1) while in case group was (410.7 ± 51.2) with no significant difference between both groups (P=0.1). Mean±SD serum calcium in control group was (8.1 ± 0.7) while in case group was (7.92 ± 0.5) with no significant difference between both groups (P=0.1).\u0000Conclusion: serum ferritin and albumin can be used in prediction of preterm labor in 3rd trimester.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431944
Nawfal Azzo, Safa Daud Sulman
Background: One of the most important prognostic indicators in cancer is the lymph node dissection. Lymphadenectomy considered as a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis in patients with gynecological malignancy who underwent surgery. D-dimer was used to detect deep vein thrombosis, thus, it’s important to predict complications of post-operative Lymphadenectomy. Objective: To predict the risk of deep venous thrombosis by used serum D-dimer and wells score after pelvic lymphadenectomy in gynecological cancer. Patients and method: A cross sectional study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology/ ward in medical city, from 1st, January 2021 to 30th, Dec. 2021. A total number of 45 (22 endometrial, 12 ovarian and 11 cervical cancers). Results: The mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in patients with endometrial cancer was (423.2±123.9) while the mean±SD post-operative level was (987±125.1), the mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in patients with ovarian cancer was (602±320.7) while the post-operative was (901.5± 412), mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in patients with cervical cancer was (339±157) while the postoperative was (1214±327), and the mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in all gynecological cancers was (541±167) while the post-operative was (1016±302). The mean±SD of wells score of those who are likely to developed DVT (n=7) in pre-operative was (2.3±0.02) while for those who are unlikely to develop deep vein thrombosis (n=38) was (2.03±0.4) with statistically significant difference (p=0.04) while highly significant difference found in pre- and post-operatively between the group of deep vein thrombosis (p˂0.001). Conclusion: Highly significant increase of post-operative D-dimer in all gynecological cancer patients.
{"title":"D-dimer level and Wells score in women undergone Lymphadenectomy in Gynecological Cancer to Assess Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis","authors":"Nawfal Azzo, Safa Daud Sulman","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most important prognostic indicators in cancer is the lymph node dissection. Lymphadenectomy considered as a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis in patients with gynecological malignancy who underwent surgery. D-dimer was used to detect deep vein thrombosis, thus, it’s important to predict complications of post-operative Lymphadenectomy.\u0000Objective: To predict the risk of deep venous thrombosis by used serum D-dimer and wells score after pelvic lymphadenectomy in gynecological cancer.\u0000Patients and method: A cross sectional study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology/ ward in medical city, from 1st, January 2021 to 30th, Dec. 2021. A total number of 45 (22 endometrial, 12 ovarian and 11 cervical cancers). \u0000Results: The mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in patients with endometrial cancer was (423.2±123.9) while the mean±SD post-operative level was (987±125.1), the mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in patients with ovarian cancer was (602±320.7) while the post-operative was (901.5± 412), mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in patients with cervical cancer was (339±157) while the postoperative was (1214±327), and the mean±SD level of pre-operative D-dimer in all gynecological cancers was (541±167) while the post-operative was (1016±302). The mean±SD of wells score of those who are likely to developed DVT (n=7) in pre-operative was (2.3±0.02) while for those who are unlikely to develop deep vein thrombosis (n=38) was (2.03±0.4) with statistically significant difference (p=0.04) while highly significant difference found in pre- and post-operatively between the group of deep vein thrombosis (p˂0.001).\u0000Conclusion: Highly significant increase of post-operative D-dimer in all gynecological cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46473529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431964
Sally Alaamery
Abstract Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and their contribution to increased morbidity and mortality due to the difficult-to-treat diseases caused by these bacteria, has demonstrated a need to develop and use alternative antimicrobial agents to control multidrug-resistant bacteria. There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants and herbs and their extracts as an alternative approach to discovering new antimicrobial compounds Materials and Methods: The sumac (Rhus coriaria L) plant was selected for this study, and aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from its fruits. They were tested against four multi-antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates that produce biofilms ( Gram-positive and Gram-negative), namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which isolated from Iraqi patients with wounds and burns in Medical City hospitals. Results: The current study proved that the aqueous and alcoholic extract of sumac ( Rhus coriaria L ) fruit is effective as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm against the studied multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates at all tested concentrations with significant differences. The study also showed that the alcoholic extract is more effective as an anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm than the aqueous extract of the sumac. Conclusion: The current study provides valuable results for the use of extracts of medicinal plants and herbs, including sumac extracts, to treat pathogenic bacteria that have become more resistant to antibiotics. These plant extracts also contain natural compounds that can be used without causing any harmful effects on patients. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Anti-biofilm activity, Multidrug-resistant bacteria, Rhus coriaria L., Sumac,
{"title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L) fruits extracts against some multidrug_resistant pathogenic bacteria","authors":"Sally Alaamery","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431964","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and their contribution to increased morbidity and mortality due to the difficult-to-treat diseases caused by these bacteria, has demonstrated a need to develop and use alternative antimicrobial agents to control multidrug-resistant bacteria. There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants and herbs and their extracts as an alternative approach to discovering new antimicrobial compounds \u0000Materials and Methods: The sumac (Rhus coriaria L) plant was selected for this study, and aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from its fruits. They were tested against four multi-antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates that produce biofilms ( Gram-positive and Gram-negative), namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which isolated from Iraqi patients with wounds and burns in Medical City hospitals. \u0000Results: The current study proved that the aqueous and alcoholic extract of sumac ( Rhus coriaria L ) fruit is effective as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm against the studied multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates at all tested concentrations with significant differences. The study also showed that the alcoholic extract is more effective as an anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm than the aqueous extract of the sumac. \u0000Conclusion: The current study provides valuable results for the use of extracts of medicinal plants and herbs, including sumac extracts, to treat pathogenic bacteria that have become more resistant to antibiotics. These plant extracts also contain natural compounds that can be used without causing any harmful effects on patients. \u0000Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Anti-biofilm activity, Multidrug-resistant bacteria, Rhus coriaria L., Sumac,","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44562206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431957
زينةمحمد حسن, رنا علي حمدي, ابتهال نوري البصام
Background: The most typical consequence of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. An important part of the etiology of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy is played by oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is a dialdehyde that is moderately toxic and is frequently used as a marker for oxidative stress as well as lipid peroxidation. Objectives: To assess the serum malondialdehyde levels in diabetic patients with and those without retinopathy and to compare these levels to controls .In additions to, investigate the relationship between serum malondialdehyde level and long glycemic control, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Patients and Methods: This case-control study included (120) individuals from 40 to 70 years of age. They were divided into three groups: Group 1: 40 type 2diabetic patients with retinopathy, Group 2 :40 type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy, and Group 3 40 controls .The biochemical testes included fasting blood glucose measured by Cobas c 311 systems, glycated hemoglobinHbA1c measured by Cobas c 111 systems, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A higer mean value of (MDA) was found serum diabetic patients with and without retinopathy as compared to control (p=0.0001). As well as a significantly higher mean value of serum (MDA) in diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared to those without (p=0.0001).A significant positive correlation was found between serum(MDA) and HbA1C in diabetic patient with retinopathy group (r=0.931,p=0.0001) . Conclusion: Higher serum levels of malondialdehyde is an indicator of increased lipid peroxidation that may be involved in pathogeneses of retinopathy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Role of Serum Malondialdehyde in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy","authors":"زينةمحمد حسن, رنا علي حمدي, ابتهال نوري البصام","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431957","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most typical consequence of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. An important part of the etiology of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy is played by oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde is a dialdehyde that is moderately toxic and is frequently used as a marker for oxidative stress as well as lipid peroxidation. \u0000Objectives: To assess the serum malondialdehyde levels in diabetic patients with and those without retinopathy and to compare these levels to controls .In additions to, investigate the relationship between serum malondialdehyde level and long glycemic control, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).\u0000Patients and Methods: This case-control study included (120) individuals from 40 to 70 years of age. They were divided into three groups: Group 1: 40 type 2diabetic patients with retinopathy, Group 2 :40 type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy, and Group 3 40 controls .The biochemical testes included fasting blood glucose measured by Cobas c 311 systems, glycated hemoglobinHbA1c measured by Cobas c 111 systems, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\u0000Results: A higer mean value of (MDA) was found serum diabetic patients with and without retinopathy as compared to control (p=0.0001). As well as a significantly higher mean value of serum (MDA) in diabetic patients with retinopathy as compared to those without (p=0.0001).A significant positive correlation was found between serum(MDA) and HbA1C in diabetic patient with retinopathy group (r=0.931,p=0.0001) .\u0000Conclusion: Higher serum levels of malondialdehyde is an indicator of increased lipid peroxidation that may be involved in pathogeneses of retinopathy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431945
Aras Qadir Pirot, Sardar M. Weli
Abstract: Background: Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that particularly affects pregnant women. It was estimated that 41.8% of pregnant women worldwide were anaemic. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors among supplemented and non-supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. Patient and methods: Sixty hundred and forty one samples were collected randomly from the pregnant and control women. Data concerned to age, education, residence, and obstetrical related factors were collected by face to face interview. Finally, 5 ml of venous blood were collected from each pregnant woman for complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 determination. Results: this study found that 74.2% and 34.9 of non-supplemented and supplemented pregnant women were anemic respectively. Factors such as; gestational age, gravidity, history of abortion, birth intervals, age, occupation, level of education, body mass index, family income and blood pressure were significantly associated with the rate of anaemia. There were differences between the rate of anemia among supplemented and non-supplemented pregnant women in all factors, the rates were decreased in the supplemented groups. The normal percentage of serum ferritin was very low; 16.5% and 38.4% among non-supplemented and supplemented anemic pregnant women respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of anemia was high among non-supplemented compared to supplemented pregnant women. The majority of anemia was mild type. All risk factors that are associated with anemia were decreased in supplemented compared to non-supplemented pregnant women. Most of the anemic cases in our result are iron deficient.
{"title":"Prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among supplemented and non-supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city Kurdistan-Iraq","authors":"Aras Qadir Pirot, Sardar M. Weli","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431945","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000Background: Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that particularly affects pregnant women. It was estimated that 41.8% of pregnant women worldwide were anaemic. \u0000Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors among supplemented and non-supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. \u0000Patient and methods: Sixty hundred and forty one samples were collected randomly from the pregnant and control women. Data concerned to age, education, residence, and obstetrical related factors were collected by face to face interview. Finally, 5 ml of venous blood were collected from each pregnant woman for complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 determination. \u0000Results: this study found that 74.2% and 34.9 of non-supplemented and supplemented pregnant women were anemic respectively. Factors such as; gestational age, gravidity, history of abortion, birth intervals, age, occupation, level of education, body mass index, family income and blood pressure were significantly associated with the rate of anaemia. There were differences between the rate of anemia among supplemented and non-supplemented pregnant women in all factors, the rates were decreased in the supplemented groups. The normal percentage of serum ferritin was very low; 16.5% and 38.4% among non-supplemented and supplemented anemic pregnant women respectively. \u0000Conclusion: the prevalence of anemia was high among non-supplemented compared to supplemented pregnant women. The majority of anemia was mild type. All risk factors that are associated with anemia were decreased in supplemented compared to non-supplemented pregnant women. Most of the anemic cases in our result are iron deficient.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431901
S. Berdawd, Abdulrahman Omar Taha
Background: Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall which need urgent and prompt intervention post-operative time outcomes of gastroschisis and omphalocele differ between different countries, especially between developed and developing countries. Objectives: Is to determine the early outcome of patients born with gastroschisis and omomphalocele Patients and Methods: An analytical study including 30 patients (11 gastroschisis and 19 omphaloceles) were treated in Erbil city during 2015 -2018. Patients with associated bladder and cloacal exstrophies were excluded. Results: Female to male ratio was 1.3:1, and the mean age at presentation was 11.7 hours. The Mean weight was 2.86 kg. the Majority of patients25 (83.3%) were term. In Nineteen cases (63.3%)were delivered vaginally (9 gastroschisis and 10comphalocele), prenatally diagnosis was done in 9(30%). The Mean size of the defect was 3.7cm, and the content was mixed in 7(23.3%). Primary repair has performed in 18(60%), a silo in 8(26.7%), and 4(13.3%) treated none surgically (all were omphalocele). Operations have been done within 24 hours of arrival in 16(61.5%). Associated anomalies have been found in 11(57.9%) patients with omphaloceles and only 2(18.2%) patients with gastroschisis. The mean period of hospital stays was6 days. Mortality among the gastroschisis patients were 8(72%), but only 4(21.1%) for omphalocele patients. Conclusion: Gastrochisis and omphalocele constitute a considerable part of neonatal surgical problems and their management is still challenging. Omphalocele cases were more likely to have associated congenital anomalies and gastroschisis, if the associated anomalies were confined to the gastrointestinal tract. There was a high mortality rate, especially in patients with gastroschisis and ruptured omphalocele due to a lack of intensive care units, facilities, and trained personnel to look after such high-risk patients.
{"title":"Early Outcome of Patient Born with Gastroschisis and Omphalocele","authors":"S. Berdawd, Abdulrahman Omar Taha","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431901","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall which need urgent and prompt intervention post-operative time outcomes of gastroschisis and omphalocele differ between different countries, especially between developed and developing countries.\u0000Objectives: Is to determine the early outcome of patients born with gastroschisis and omomphalocele\u0000Patients and Methods: An analytical study including 30 patients (11 gastroschisis and 19 omphaloceles) were treated in Erbil city during 2015 -2018. Patients with associated bladder and cloacal exstrophies were excluded.\u0000Results: Female to male ratio was 1.3:1, and the mean age at presentation was 11.7 hours. The Mean weight was 2.86 kg. the Majority of patients25 (83.3%) were term. In Nineteen cases (63.3%)were delivered vaginally (9 gastroschisis and 10comphalocele), prenatally diagnosis was done in 9(30%). The Mean size of the defect was 3.7cm, and the content was mixed in 7(23.3%). Primary repair has performed in 18(60%), a silo in 8(26.7%), and 4(13.3%) treated none surgically (all were omphalocele). Operations have been done within 24 hours of arrival in 16(61.5%). Associated anomalies have been found in 11(57.9%) patients with omphaloceles and only 2(18.2%) patients with gastroschisis. The mean period of hospital stays was6 days. Mortality among the gastroschisis patients were 8(72%), but only 4(21.1%) for omphalocele patients.\u0000Conclusion: Gastrochisis and omphalocele constitute a considerable part of neonatal surgical problems and their management is still challenging. Omphalocele cases were more likely to have associated congenital anomalies and gastroschisis, if the associated anomalies were confined to the gastrointestinal tract. There was a high mortality rate, especially in patients with gastroschisis and ruptured omphalocele due to a lack of intensive care units, facilities, and trained personnel to look after such high-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42691521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431963
Z. Ahmed
Background: Cytokines have an essential contribution to the inflammatory response and the development of chronic inflammation. Therefore, it has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukins are closely related to RA, and the exact role of some interleukins in the pathogenesis of RA is not yet known.Objectives: To evaluate the levels of interleukins and their ratio, since the levels of interleukins 35 and 39 in RA patients have not yet been determined in Iraq.Patients and methods: An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to measure the levels of interleukins in the blood of 56 patients with RA and 44 healthy volunteers who were enrolled in the study from November 2021 to March 2022.Results: The serum levels of IL-39 in the RA patient groups were significantly higher than in the control groups (p = 0.043). In contrast, the level of IL-35 was slightly higher in RA patients but not by significantly different values (p = 0.055). The cytokine ratio, IL-39/IL-35, was the same for the groups, and there were no significant differences when comparing patients to controls (14.30 ± 1.47 vs. 13.18 ± 0.71). In addition, IL-39 concentration levels were significantly higher in RA patients under therapy than in RA patients with a first diagnosis and without therapy.Conclusion: The study concluded the crucial role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the progression of RA.
{"title":"Evaluation of Some New Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Z. Ahmed","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431963","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cytokines have an essential contribution to the inflammatory response and the development of chronic inflammation. Therefore, it has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukins are closely related to RA, and the exact role of some interleukins in the pathogenesis of RA is not yet known.Objectives: To evaluate the levels of interleukins and their ratio, since the levels of interleukins 35 and 39 in RA patients have not yet been determined in Iraq.Patients and methods: An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to measure the levels of interleukins in the blood of 56 patients with RA and 44 healthy volunteers who were enrolled in the study from November 2021 to March 2022.Results: The serum levels of IL-39 in the RA patient groups were significantly higher than in the control groups (p = 0.043). In contrast, the level of IL-35 was slightly higher in RA patients but not by significantly different values (p = 0.055). The cytokine ratio, IL-39/IL-35, was the same for the groups, and there were no significant differences when comparing patients to controls (14.30 ± 1.47 vs. 13.18 ± 0.71). In addition, IL-39 concentration levels were significantly higher in RA patients under therapy than in RA patients with a first diagnosis and without therapy.Conclusion: The study concluded the crucial role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the progression of RA.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48605847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431950
Rabah H Asreah, Jawad A. Alkagany
Background: five clinical phases were described in patients with chronic (HBV) infection: HBeAg- positive HBV infection, HBeAg- positive CHB, HBeAg negative HBV infection, HBeAg-negative CHB and occult HBV infection. Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence of the unclassified phase (gray zone) in chronic hepatitis B patients and its significant in the clinical practice. Patients and methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on 109 patients' who have HBsAg positive for more than 6 months. The data recorded include; HbeAg and anti-HBe Ab, ultrasound of the abdomen, HBV DNA load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), accordingly; we classify the patients to known clinical phases. Patients who were unfit one of these phases considered to be in the gray zone and subsequently sent for liver fibroscan to determine the fibrosis stage. Results: The mean age of our patients was 34.25 (±13.9) years with 54.12% being males. The mean viral load was 5,885,490 IU/ml and mean ALT was 56.22 (±89.88) U/L. eight patients (7.3%) were in the HBeAg+ve HBV infection, 13 patients (11.9%) were in HBeAg+ve CHB . Thirty four patients (31.1%) were in the HBeAg-ve HBV infection and 23 (21.1%) were in HBeAg-ve CHB phase, both were showed a significant statistical relationship with age> 35 years. Thirty one (28.4%) further patients failed to identify with any of the four phases (normal ALT with HBV load > 2000 IU/ml), this group also showed significant relation to age above 35 years and 12 patients (38.8%) had significant fibrosis on fibroscan. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients with chronic HBV infection have persistently normal ALT levels, despite elevated levels of viral load; this is known as the "grey zone" phase. These patients merit close follow up with short-interval measurement of liver enzymes, liver fibroscan and biopsy may be considered.
{"title":"The Incidence and the Clinical Significance of the Gray Zone in the Clinical Phases of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","authors":"Rabah H Asreah, Jawad A. Alkagany","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6431950","url":null,"abstract":"Background: five clinical phases were described in patients with chronic (HBV) infection: HBeAg- positive HBV infection, HBeAg- positive CHB, HBeAg negative HBV infection, HBeAg-negative CHB and occult HBV infection. \u0000Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence of the unclassified phase (gray zone) in chronic hepatitis B patients and its significant in the clinical practice. \u0000Patients and methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on 109 patients' who have HBsAg positive for more than 6 months. The data recorded include; HbeAg and anti-HBe Ab, ultrasound of the abdomen, HBV DNA load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), accordingly; we classify the patients to known clinical phases. Patients who were unfit one of these phases considered to be in the gray zone and subsequently sent for liver fibroscan to determine the fibrosis stage. \u0000Results: The mean age of our patients was 34.25 (±13.9) years with 54.12% being males. The mean viral load was 5,885,490 IU/ml and mean ALT was 56.22 (±89.88) U/L. eight patients (7.3%) were in the HBeAg+ve HBV infection, 13 patients (11.9%) were in HBeAg+ve CHB . Thirty four patients (31.1%) were in the HBeAg-ve HBV infection and 23 (21.1%) were in HBeAg-ve CHB phase, both were showed a significant statistical relationship with age> 35 years. Thirty one (28.4%) further patients failed to identify with any of the four phases (normal ALT with HBV load > 2000 IU/ml), this group also showed significant relation to age above 35 years and 12 patients (38.8%) had significant fibrosis on fibroscan. \u0000Conclusions: A considerable number of patients with chronic HBV infection have persistently normal ALT levels, despite elevated levels of viral load; this is known as the \"grey zone\" phase. These patients merit close follow up with short-interval measurement of liver enzymes, liver fibroscan and biopsy may be considered.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46528130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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