Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512036
Mirna Faiq, Eman S. Saleh, Omar B. Fathalla
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex series of metabolic defects, characterized by high levels of serum glucose, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. The high mobility group AT-hook1, an architectural transcript factor, affects the homeostasis of glucose. No previous studies have been performed to examine whether HMGA1 can be secreted into the extracellular milieu. Objectives: this case-control study aimed to examine whether HMGA1 secretes into the extracellular milieu and compares its serum level in two groups of metabolic syndrome (with and without diabetes) and a control group composed of apparently healthy individuals of Iraqi population with different nationalities. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with metabolic syndrome and thirty healthy Iraqi participants included in this study. Serum HMGA1 concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid profile, serum (glucose and insulin), HbA1c, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were also measured. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software for Windows version 26.0. Results: Significant difference in HMGA1 level was seen (P = 0.000), between metabolic syndrome with diabetes, metabolic syndrome without diabetes and control group. Higher concentrations were seen in metabolic syndrome patients with diabetes followed by metabolic syndrome patients without diabetes and then the control group, and no significant difference was seen in the serum level based on nationality. Significant positive correlation was found between HMGA1 and fasting blood glucose (p=0.001) as well as between HMGA1 and HbA1c (p= 0.015) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover there was a significant association between HMGA1 levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolic syndrome was found to be increased by a high HMGA1 level, odds ratio (OR), 0.411 (95% CI, 0.208-0.813). Conclusions: This case-control study found that circulating HMGA1 concentration was significantly higher in Mets mainly in those with T2DM. Also, the high concentration of HMGA1 was found to present a significant risk of metabolic syndrome regardless of whether diabetes is present or not. Besides HMGA1 serum level was positively correlated with parameters of diabetes including HbA1c and FBG.
{"title":"High Serum High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Levels are associated with presence of Metabolic Syndrome: Case-control study","authors":"Mirna Faiq, Eman S. Saleh, Omar B. Fathalla","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex series of metabolic defects, characterized by high levels of serum glucose, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. The high mobility group AT-hook1, an architectural transcript factor, affects the homeostasis of glucose. No previous studies have been performed to examine whether HMGA1 can be secreted into the extracellular milieu.\u0000Objectives: this case-control study aimed to examine whether HMGA1 secretes into the extracellular milieu and compares its serum level in two groups of metabolic syndrome (with and without diabetes) and a control group composed of apparently healthy individuals of Iraqi population with different nationalities.\u0000Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with metabolic syndrome and thirty healthy Iraqi participants included in this study. Serum HMGA1 concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid profile, serum (glucose and insulin), HbA1c, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were also measured. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software for Windows version 26.0.\u0000Results: Significant difference in HMGA1 level was seen (P = 0.000), between metabolic syndrome with diabetes, metabolic syndrome without diabetes and control group. Higher concentrations were seen in metabolic syndrome patients with diabetes followed by metabolic syndrome patients without diabetes and then the control group, and no significant difference was seen in the serum level based on nationality. Significant positive correlation was found between HMGA1 and fasting blood glucose (p=0.001) as well as between HMGA1 and HbA1c (p= 0.015) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover there was a significant association between HMGA1 levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolic syndrome was found to be increased by a high HMGA1 level, odds ratio (OR), 0.411 (95% CI, 0.208-0.813).\u0000Conclusions: This case-control study found that circulating HMGA1 concentration was significantly higher in Mets mainly in those with T2DM. Also, the high concentration of HMGA1 was found to present a significant risk of metabolic syndrome regardless of whether diabetes is present or not. Besides HMGA1 serum level was positively correlated with parameters of diabetes including HbA1c and FBG.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6511951
Zina S. Abdulrahman Aldaggistany, Ihab S. Ahmed, Zuhair Al-Johar
Background: The demographic characteristics of Iraqi patients with the metabolic syndrome (MS) and presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been scarcely studied before. Aim of the study To study the socio-demographic characteristics of a group of Iraqi patients with MS presenting with ACS. Patients and Methods: A convenience sample of 150 cases presenting with ACS and admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from mid-January through July 2011 were included in the current cross-sectional study. The data needed for the study was collected through a direct interview to fill a questionnaire by all cases carried out by a consultant physician.
{"title":"Prevalence and Demographic characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Iraqi Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome","authors":"Zina S. Abdulrahman Aldaggistany, Ihab S. Ahmed, Zuhair Al-Johar","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6511951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6511951","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The demographic characteristics of Iraqi patients with the metabolic syndrome (MS) and presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been scarcely studied before.\u0000Aim of the study To study the socio-demographic characteristics of a group of Iraqi patients with MS presenting with ACS.\u0000Patients and Methods: A convenience sample of 150 cases presenting with ACS and admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from mid-January through July 2011 were included in the current cross-sectional study. The data needed for the study was collected through a direct interview to fill a questionnaire by all cases carried out by a consultant physician.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43087258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6511910
Maryam AL-Ani, Qusay A. Fahed, Ali I. Shyaa
Background: Differentiating flow gaps associated with hypoplastic transverse sinus from venous thrombosis is a diagnostic challenge in brain magnetic resonance imaging with venography. Objectives: To assess the clinical benefit of anatomical signs to anticipate the side of the dominant transverse sinus. Patients and Methods: A total of 100 patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging with venography at the radiology department /medical city and were retrospectively reviewed for the direction of superior sagittal sinus flow void, inclination of sulcus for the superior sagittal sinus, angulation of the posterior falx and direction of occipital lobe bending in axial non-contrast T1 weighted image, then compare these findings with a side of the dominant transverse sinus in magnetic resonance venography. Results: Inclination of sulcus for superior sagittal sinus and superior sagittal sinus flow void direction toward the right side had high positive predictive values (95.5%) and (93.2 %) in proper matching with the right transverse sinus dominance, respectively. Right-sided angulation of the posterior flax and rightward direction of the occipital lobe had a positive predictive value of (90.9 %) in predicting transverse sinus dominance. Conclusion: The side of dominant transverse sinus can be anticipated by reviewing anatomical signs in T1 weighted image, which may help to differentiate hypoplastic transverse sinus from venous thrombosis that aid in better interpretation of brain MRI- MRV examinations.
{"title":"Clinical importance of imaging anatomical signs in predicting transverse sinus dominance using conventional magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Maryam AL-Ani, Qusay A. Fahed, Ali I. Shyaa","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6511910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6511910","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Differentiating flow gaps associated with hypoplastic transverse sinus from venous thrombosis is a diagnostic challenge in brain magnetic resonance imaging with venography.\u0000Objectives: To assess the clinical benefit of anatomical signs to anticipate the side of the dominant transverse sinus.\u0000Patients and Methods: A total of 100 patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging with venography at the radiology department /medical city and were retrospectively reviewed for the direction of superior sagittal sinus flow void, inclination of sulcus for the superior sagittal sinus, angulation of the posterior falx and direction of occipital lobe bending in axial non-contrast T1 weighted image, then compare these findings with a side of the dominant transverse sinus in magnetic resonance venography.\u0000Results: Inclination of sulcus for superior sagittal sinus and superior sagittal sinus flow void direction toward the right side had high positive predictive values (95.5%) and (93.2 %) in proper matching with the right transverse sinus dominance, respectively. Right-sided angulation of the posterior flax and rightward direction of the occipital lobe had a positive predictive value of (90.9 %) in predicting transverse sinus dominance.\u0000Conclusion: The side of dominant transverse sinus can be anticipated by reviewing anatomical signs in T1 weighted image, which may help to differentiate hypoplastic transverse sinus from venous thrombosis that aid in better interpretation of brain MRI- MRV examinations.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46847385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512014
N. Hameed, Shealan Khudhair Abbas Abbas
Background: Neonates who are admitted to hospitals will need various drugs. The use of unlicensed or off-label drugs without scientific evidence makes this exposure unsafe. Aim of study: We aimed to assess the use of drugs for neonates based on the British National Formulary for Children and IBM Micromedex Neofax. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive study which reviewed the clinical files of enrolled neonates who have stayed in the hospital for more than 24 hours and received at least one drug. It was conducted in the neonatal care unit of the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital/ Medical City Complex in Baghdad during the period from 1st of January to 30th of June/2018. The data was entered on a predesigned format and analyzed by using the appropriate statistical methods. Results: A total number of 1079 neonates were admitted to the NCU during the study period, of whom 967 were included in the current study with 597 (61.7%) males and 370 (38.3%) females. There were 424 (43.8%) preterm, 496 (51.3%) term and post term neonates, and 47 (4.9%) neonates with unknown gestational age. Different classes of drugs were used with a total of 56 drugs, of which 33.9% were unlicensed and 66.1% were off-label. Accordingly, 42.5% of the neonates received unlicensed drugs and almost all patients received at least one off-label drug. Major risk factors for such use include mechanical ventilation, male sex and prolonged hospitalization. Conclusions: In hospitalized neonates, drugs were more frequently prescribed as an off-label rather than unlicensed. Almost all neonates were exposed to off-label formulations.
{"title":"The Use of Off-label and Unlicensed Drugs for Neonates: A Report from a Teaching Hospital in Baghdad","authors":"N. Hameed, Shealan Khudhair Abbas Abbas","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonates who are admitted to hospitals will need various drugs. The use of unlicensed or off-label drugs without scientific evidence makes this exposure unsafe.\u0000Aim of study: We aimed to assess the use of drugs for neonates based on the British National Formulary for Children and IBM Micromedex Neofax.\u0000Patients and methods: This is a descriptive study which reviewed the clinical files of enrolled neonates who have stayed in the hospital for more than 24 hours and received at least one drug. It was conducted in the neonatal care unit of the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital/ Medical City Complex in Baghdad during the period from 1st of January to 30th of June/2018. The data was entered on a predesigned format and analyzed by using the appropriate statistical methods.\u0000Results: A total number of 1079 neonates were admitted to the NCU during the study period, of whom 967 were included in the current study with 597 (61.7%) males and 370 (38.3%) females. There were 424 (43.8%) preterm, 496 (51.3%) term and post term neonates, and 47 (4.9%) neonates with unknown gestational age. Different classes of drugs were used with a total of 56 drugs, of which 33.9% were unlicensed and 66.1% were off-label. Accordingly, 42.5% of the neonates received unlicensed drugs and almost all patients received at least one off-label drug. Major risk factors for such use include mechanical ventilation, male sex and prolonged hospitalization.\u0000Conclusions: In hospitalized neonates, drugs were more frequently prescribed as an off-label rather than unlicensed. Almost all neonates were exposed to off-label formulations.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512041
Maryam K. Ali, S. Jawad, Yasmeen J. Al-Bayaa
Background:-Streptococcus pyogenes is an exclusively human pathogen. This bacterial species is responsible for a large variety of infections. Objective: This review identified published articles on the risk factors, prevention and control strategies for streptococcus diseases. Material and methods: A systematic search was carried out to identify papers published on the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases in an attempt to provide basic information about Streptococcus infections, potential risks for their spread, and treatment and prevention strategies. Results: The more common methods for Streptococcus pyogenes transmission are through respiratory droplets, skin lesions brought on by Streptococcus pyogenes contact with infected objects or devices. Another potential mode is foodborne transmission but more research is needed to determine this infection route. Native communities, and those of low socio-economic status worldwide were found particularly susceptible to Streptococcus diseases, as well as children, older adults and those with impaired immune system. Those groups are susceptible to Streptococcus pyogenes infections and their complications with higher infectious rates in educational institutions, hospitals, over-crowding and the continuous increase in social contact. The importance of improving living conditions and personal and hand hygiene is one of the techniques in the management and prevention of Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Infection control methods must be highlighted with greater precision. Conclusion: Prevention and control measures should target the improvement of living conditions, and personal and hand hygiene. Adherence to infection prevention and control practices should be emphasized in high-risk settings.
背景：化脓性链球菌是一种独特的人类病原体。这种细菌是造成多种感染的原因。目的：综述已发表的关于链球菌疾病的危险因素、预防和控制策略的文章。材料和方法：进行系统搜索，以确定发表在Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus和Google Scholar电子数据库上的论文，试图提供有关链球菌感染、其传播的潜在风险以及治疗和预防策略的基本信息。结果：化脓性链球菌更常见的传播方式是通过呼吸道飞沫、化脓性链球菌接触受感染物体或装置引起的皮肤损伤。另一种潜在的传播方式是食源性传播，但还需要更多的研究来确定这种感染途径。世界各地的土著社区和社会经济地位低下的社区，以及儿童、老年人和免疫系统受损的人，都特别容易感染链球菌疾病。这些群体容易感染化脓性链球菌及其并发症，教育机构、医院的感染率更高，拥挤过度，社交接触持续增加。改善生活条件以及个人和手部卫生的重要性是管理和预防化脓性链球菌感染的技术之一。必须更加精确地强调感染控制方法。结论：预防和控制措施应以改善生活条件、个人和手部卫生为目标。在高风险环境中应强调遵守感染预防和控制措施。
{"title":"Review article of Streptococcus pyogenes infection: Rick factors, prevention and management strategies","authors":"Maryam K. Ali, S. Jawad, Yasmeen J. Al-Bayaa","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512041","url":null,"abstract":"Background:-Streptococcus pyogenes is an exclusively human pathogen. This bacterial species is responsible for a large variety of infections.\u0000Objective: This review identified published articles on the risk factors, prevention and control strategies for streptococcus diseases.\u0000Material and methods: A systematic search was carried out to identify papers published on the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases in an attempt to provide basic information about Streptococcus infections, potential risks for their spread, and treatment and prevention strategies.\u0000Results: The more common methods for Streptococcus pyogenes transmission are through respiratory droplets, skin lesions brought on by Streptococcus pyogenes contact with infected objects or devices. Another potential mode is foodborne transmission but more research is needed to determine this infection route. Native communities, and those of low socio-economic status worldwide were found particularly susceptible to Streptococcus diseases, as well as children, older adults and those with impaired immune system. Those groups are susceptible to Streptococcus pyogenes infections and their complications with higher infectious rates in educational institutions, hospitals, over-crowding and the continuous increase in social contact. The importance of improving living conditions and personal and hand hygiene is one of the techniques in the management and prevention of Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Infection control methods must be highlighted with greater precision.\u0000Conclusion: Prevention and control measures should target the improvement of living conditions, and personal and hand hygiene. Adherence to infection prevention and control practices should be emphasized in high-risk settings.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512046
Maha Alramadany, Layla S. Yas
Background: Hypertension from smoking is a chronic medical condition that impacts human health. It has been proved that it could be a significant risk factor for different disorders like brain damage, the lung disease and has been related to the growth of oral diseases. However, there are few and conflicting research on its effect on salivary electrolytes concentrations. Aim of the study: To assess the effect of hypertension with and without smoking on electrolyte concentrations in saliva and to identify its effect on normal oral balance. Methods: A total number of 90 subjects included, which is comprised of (49) (54.4 %) males subjects and (41) (45.6 %) females subjects in the gender. They were divided into three groups, G1, G2 and G3 groups. Group 1 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension with smoking, Group 2 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension without smoking and Group 3 comprised 30 subjects of healthy non-smoking controls. Results: Findings displayed a highly significant difference in concentration of calcium in saliva and there was no significant difference in potassium and sodium for the three groups. There was a significant difference of calcium in saliva concentration for all study group with respect to P-Value (0.000). Conclusion: The salivary calcium concentration in the saliva can be affected by hypertension with smoking and the increase in salivary calcium levels might be a risk factor for development of periodontal diseases.
{"title":"Effects of hypertension with and without smoking on salivary electrolytes concentration","authors":"Maha Alramadany, Layla S. Yas","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512046","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension from smoking is a chronic medical condition that impacts human health. It has been proved that it could be a significant risk factor for different disorders like brain damage, the lung disease and has been related to the growth of oral diseases. However, there are few and conflicting research on its effect on salivary electrolytes concentrations.\u0000Aim of the study: To assess the effect of hypertension with and without smoking on electrolyte concentrations in saliva and to identify its effect on normal oral balance.\u0000Methods: A total number of 90 subjects included, which is comprised of (49) (54.4 %) males subjects and (41) (45.6 %) females subjects in the gender. They were divided into three groups, G1, G2 and G3 groups. Group 1 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension with smoking, Group 2 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension without smoking and Group 3 comprised 30 subjects of healthy non-smoking controls. \u0000Results: Findings displayed a highly significant difference in concentration of calcium in saliva and there was no significant difference in potassium and sodium for the three groups. There was a significant difference of calcium in saliva concentration for all study group with respect to P-Value (0.000).\u0000Conclusion: The salivary calcium concentration in the saliva can be affected by hypertension with smoking and the increase in salivary calcium levels might be a risk factor for development of periodontal diseases.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48721204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441973
Ahmed A. Obeed, Tahseen A. AL-Kinani, Huda Ibrahim AL- Qadhi
الخلفية: قصور القلب هو متلازمة إكلينيكية معقدة تنتج عن أي مرض قلبي وظيفي أو هيكلي يقلل من قدرة البطين على تعبئة الدم أو ضخه. فقر الدم شائع لدى مرضى قصور القلب ويرتبط بالتدهور من خلال تنشيط المسارات الهرمونية العصبية. عقار داباكليفلوزين هو مثبط انتقائي وقابل للانعكاس للناقل المشترك للصوديوم الجلوكوز 2 (SGLT2). يزيد داباجليفلوزين من مستوى الهيموجلوبين من خلال آليات مختلفة مثل زيادة تركيز البلازما عن طريق إدرار البول أو زيادة تخليق الإريثروبويتين. الهدف: تقييم تأثير الداباجليفلوزين الإضافي في العلاج التقليدي على الهيموجلوبين في مرضى قصور القلب المصابين بمرض الكلى المزمن (CKD) مع أو بدون داء السكري DM. المرضى والطرق: كانت هذه دراسة سريرية مستقبلية أجريت في أجنحة طبية في مركز الناصرية للقلب خلال الفترة من 1 نوفمبر / 2021 إلى نهاية يوليو / 2022. تم إجراء البحث على 120 مشاركًا يعانون من قصور في القلب وضعف كلوي. تم تقسيم المرضى إلى مجموعتين. ضمت المجموعة الأولى 60 مريضاً تم إعطاؤهم داباجليفلوزين بالإضافة إلى الأدوية التقليدية ، وتألفت المجموعة الأخرى من 60 مريضاً تلقوا العلاج التقليدي فقط. تمت مطابقة كلا المجموعتين فيما يتعلق بالخصائص الاجتماعية والديموغرافية. تم تسجيل تركيز الهيموجلوبين في اليوم الأول كزيارة أساسية ثم تمت متابعتها بعد أربعة أشهر. النتائج: قبل العلاج لم تكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في العوامل الاجتماعية والديموغرافية والسريرية بين المجموعتين. في مجموعة داباجليفلوزين ، كان مستوى الهيموجلوبين أعلى بكثير من مستوى ما قبل العلاج (12.53 جم / لتر مقابل 11.85 جم / لتر ، P = 0.016) ، كان لدى المرضى في المجموعة الضابطة مستوى متوسط أقل بكثير من الهيموجلوبين بعد العلاج مقارنة بمستوى خط الأساس ( 11.88 جم / لتر مقابل 12.56 جم / لتر ، P = 0.001). الاستنتاج: أظهرت الدراسة أن داباجليفلوزين يزيد تركيز الهيموجلوبين ويصحح فقر الدم لدى مرضى قصور القلب المصابين بمرض الكلى المزمن مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم.
{"title":"تأثير عقار داباغليفلوزين على مستوى هيموجلوبين في الدم","authors":"Ahmed A. Obeed, Tahseen A. AL-Kinani, Huda Ibrahim AL- Qadhi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441973","url":null,"abstract":"الخلفية: قصور القلب هو متلازمة إكلينيكية معقدة تنتج عن أي مرض قلبي وظيفي أو هيكلي يقلل من قدرة البطين على تعبئة الدم أو ضخه. فقر الدم شائع لدى مرضى قصور القلب ويرتبط بالتدهور من خلال تنشيط المسارات الهرمونية العصبية. عقار داباكليفلوزين هو مثبط انتقائي وقابل للانعكاس للناقل المشترك للصوديوم الجلوكوز 2 (SGLT2). يزيد داباجليفلوزين من مستوى الهيموجلوبين من خلال آليات مختلفة مثل زيادة تركيز البلازما عن طريق إدرار البول أو زيادة تخليق الإريثروبويتين.\u0000الهدف: تقييم تأثير الداباجليفلوزين الإضافي في العلاج التقليدي على الهيموجلوبين في مرضى قصور القلب المصابين بمرض الكلى المزمن (CKD) مع أو بدون داء السكري DM.\u0000المرضى والطرق: كانت هذه دراسة سريرية مستقبلية أجريت في أجنحة طبية في مركز الناصرية للقلب خلال الفترة من 1 نوفمبر / 2021 إلى نهاية يوليو / 2022. تم إجراء البحث على 120 مشاركًا يعانون من قصور في القلب وضعف كلوي. تم تقسيم المرضى إلى مجموعتين. ضمت المجموعة الأولى 60 مريضاً تم إعطاؤهم داباجليفلوزين بالإضافة إلى الأدوية التقليدية ، وتألفت المجموعة الأخرى من 60 مريضاً تلقوا العلاج التقليدي فقط. تمت مطابقة كلا المجموعتين فيما يتعلق بالخصائص الاجتماعية والديموغرافية. تم تسجيل تركيز الهيموجلوبين في اليوم الأول كزيارة أساسية ثم تمت متابعتها بعد أربعة أشهر.\u0000النتائج: قبل العلاج لم تكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في العوامل الاجتماعية والديموغرافية والسريرية بين المجموعتين. في مجموعة داباجليفلوزين ، كان مستوى الهيموجلوبين أعلى بكثير من مستوى ما قبل العلاج (12.53 جم / لتر مقابل 11.85 جم / لتر ، P = 0.016) ، كان لدى المرضى في المجموعة الضابطة مستوى متوسط أقل بكثير من الهيموجلوبين بعد العلاج مقارنة بمستوى خط الأساس ( 11.88 جم / لتر مقابل 12.56 جم / لتر ، P = 0.001).\u0000الاستنتاج: أظهرت الدراسة أن داباجليفلوزين يزيد تركيز الهيموجلوبين ويصحح فقر الدم لدى مرضى قصور القلب المصابين بمرض الكلى المزمن مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441967
Alak Hussein
Back ground: methotrexate is an antifolate that is widely used in cancers and inflammatory or auto- immune diseases, it is also known to be contraindicated in pregnancy, breast feeding and not recommended in patients planning to be parents since it has a harmful effect on fetus and gonads. Ovarian function can be evaluated by certain parameters like the levels of female hormones or anti- Mullerian hormone which is considered as a good indicator for this purpose or histopathological examination of ovarian follicles especially the primordial follicles. Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the effect of two different concentrations of methotrexate on ovarian tissue integrity and function. Materials and method: adult female albino rats (n=30) were randomly divided in to 3 groups; group A (n=10) in which animals were treated with i. p injection of normal saline once weekly for four weeks, group B (n=10) in which animals were treated with i. p. injection of 1mg/ kg bw of methotrexate once weekly for four weeks, and lastly group C in which animals were treated with i. p. injection of 2.5 mg/ kg bw of methotrexate once weekly for four weeks. Then serum level of anti- Mullerian hormone were measured and histopathological examination of the ovaries were done to evaluate ovarian injury caused by methotrexate treatment. Results: this study has demonstrated that methotrexate in the both 1mg and 2.5 mg / kg of BW doses did not significantly reduce the levels of anti- Mullerian hormone and the number of primordial follicles and atretic follicles were also not significantly affected by the treatment of methotrexate in both doses. While histopathological examination revealed mild ovarian damage in case of treatment with 1mg/ kg bw of methotrexate and moderate damage in case of treatment with 2.5 mg/ kg bw of methotrexate. Conclusions: there is no important difference between the effects of 1 and 2.5 mg/ kg of BW of methotrexate on ovarian function but there is a slight difference in the effects of the two different doses on the integrity of ovarian tissue.
背景:甲氨蝶呤是一种抗叶酸盐，广泛用于癌症和炎症或自身免疫性疾病，也被认为是怀孕和母乳喂养的禁忌症，因为它对胎儿和性腺有有害的影响，所以不建议计划生育的患者使用。卵巢功能可以通过一些参数来评估，比如雌性激素或抗苗勒管激素的水平，这被认为是一个很好的指标，或者对卵巢卵泡特别是原始卵泡进行组织病理学检查。目的:本研究的目的是确定两种不同浓度甲氨蝶呤对卵巢组织完整性和功能的影响。材料与方法:成年雌性白化大鼠30只，随机分为3组;A组(n=10)每周一次注射生理盐水，连续4周;B组(n=10)每周一次注射甲氨蝶呤1mg/ kg bw，连续4周;C组(n=10)每周一次注射甲氨蝶呤2.5 mg/ kg bw，连续4周。测定血清抗苗勒管激素水平，并对卵巢进行组织病理学检查，评价甲氨蝶呤对卵巢的损伤。结果:本研究表明，甲氨蝶呤在1mg和2.5 mg / kg体重剂量下均未显著降低抗苗勒管激素水平，且两种剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗对原始卵泡和闭锁卵泡的数量也无显著影响。组织病理学检查显示，1mg/ kg bw甲氨蝶呤组卵巢轻度损伤，2.5 mg/ kg bw甲氨蝶呤组卵巢中度损伤。结论:甲氨蝶呤1和2.5 mg/ kg体重对卵巢功能的影响无显著差异，但两种剂量对卵巢组织完整性的影响略有差异。
{"title":"A short-term comparison between the effect of two different concentrations of methotrexate on ovarian tissues and function of female albino rats","authors":"Alak Hussein","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441967","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: methotrexate is an antifolate that is widely used in cancers and inflammatory or auto- immune diseases, it is also known to be contraindicated in pregnancy, breast feeding and not recommended in patients planning to be parents since it has a harmful effect on fetus and gonads. \u0000 Ovarian function can be evaluated by certain parameters like the levels of female hormones or anti- Mullerian hormone which is considered as a good indicator for this purpose or histopathological examination of ovarian follicles especially the primordial follicles. \u0000 Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the effect of two different concentrations of methotrexate on ovarian tissue integrity and function. \u0000 Materials and method: adult female albino rats (n=30) were randomly divided in to 3 groups; group A (n=10) in which animals were treated with i. p injection of normal saline once weekly for four weeks, group B (n=10) in which animals were treated with i. p. injection of 1mg/ kg bw of methotrexate once weekly for four weeks, and lastly group C in which animals were treated with i. p. injection of 2.5 mg/ kg bw of methotrexate once weekly for four weeks. Then serum level of anti- Mullerian hormone were measured and histopathological examination of the ovaries were done to evaluate ovarian injury caused by methotrexate treatment. \u0000 Results: this study has demonstrated that methotrexate in the both 1mg and 2.5 mg / kg of BW doses did not significantly reduce the levels of anti- Mullerian hormone and the number of primordial follicles and atretic follicles were also not significantly affected by the treatment of methotrexate in both doses. While histopathological examination revealed mild ovarian damage in case of treatment with 1mg/ kg bw of methotrexate and moderate damage in case of treatment with 2.5 mg/ kg bw of methotrexate. \u0000 Conclusions: there is no important difference between the effects of 1 and 2.5 mg/ kg of BW of methotrexate on ovarian function but there is a slight difference in the effects of the two different doses on the integrity of ovarian tissue.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46742628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441971
Ahmed J. Abdulrahman, M. Jabarah, Samer A. Najjar
Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine illness, affecting an increasing number of people all over the world. It is caused by a lack, or inadequate synthesis of insulin by the pancreas leading to an increase in blood glucose concentrations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most strongly linked disease to obesity of all disorders. The number of obesity-related diabetes is predicted to reach 300 million by 2025. The term 'diabesity' was coined as a result of this strong link, therefore, weight loss is seen as a key therapeutic goal in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Also, it has weight-losing benefits which is assumed to be due to appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Liraglutide on weight management, body mass index, renal function and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic mellitus obese patients in Iraq. Methods: An open-label therapeutic trial was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 at Baquba Teaching Hospital/ Diyala. (23 males and 27 females) with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus for 2 - 4 years were included in the study. They were obese, hypertensive and dyslipidemic. They received metformin and liraglutide for 12 weeks as 0.6 mg/day during the first week, which was gradually increased to 1.2 mg and up to 1.8 mg/day according to patient tolerance and requirement for control at the beginning the study. The patients had their height as well as body weight measured, calculated, blood pressure measured and renal functions tested. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System - version 9.1). Two-way ANOVA and Least significant differences (LSD) post hoc test were performed as well as paired t-test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Treatment with liraglutide for 12 weeks has resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, and blood pressure (P<0.05). The changes in the results of renal function test of liraglutide-treated patients were not significant. Conclusion: In obese type 2 diabetic patients, liraglutide has the potential of reducing body weight, body mass index and blood pressure. It seemed safe in terms of its systemic effects
背景:糖尿病是最常见的内分泌疾病，在世界范围内影响越来越多的人。它是由胰腺缺乏或合成胰岛素不足引起的，导致血糖浓度升高。2型糖尿病是所有疾病中与肥胖联系最密切的疾病。预计到2025年，与肥胖相关的糖尿病患者将达到3亿人。“糖尿病”一词就是由于这种紧密联系而创造出来的，因此，减肥被视为预防和管理2型糖尿病的关键治疗目标。利拉鲁肽是一种胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1)受体激动剂，以葡萄糖依赖的方式刺激胰岛素分泌。此外，它还具有减肥功效，这被认为是由于食欲抑制和胃排空延迟。目的:评价利拉鲁肽对伊拉克2型糖尿病肥胖患者体重管理、体重指数、肾功能和血压的影响。方法:于2021年11月至2022年6月在巴古巴教学医院/迪亚拉进行了一项开放标签治疗试验。研究对象为2 - 4年2型糖尿病患者(男23例，女27例)。他们是肥胖、高血压和血脂异常。他们在第一周接受二甲双胍和利拉鲁肽治疗，剂量为0.6 mg/天，持续12周，根据患者耐受性和研究开始时的对照需要，逐渐增加到1.2 mg和1.8 mg/天。对患者的身高和体重进行测量、计算、血压测量和肾功能测试。采用SAS (statistical analysis System - version 9.1)进行统计分析。采用双因素方差分析、LSD事后检验和配对t检验。P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:利拉鲁肽治疗12周后，体重、BMI、血压均显著降低(P<0.05)。利拉鲁肽治疗组肾功能检查结果无明显变化。结论:利拉鲁肽对肥胖2型糖尿病患者具有降低体重、体质指数和血压的作用。就其系统性影响而言，它似乎是安全的
{"title":"Effects of liraglutide on weight control and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus Iraqi patients","authors":"Ahmed J. Abdulrahman, M. Jabarah, Samer A. Najjar","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441971","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine illness, affecting an increasing number of people all over the world. It is caused by a lack, or inadequate synthesis of insulin by the pancreas leading to an increase in blood glucose concentrations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most strongly linked disease to obesity of all disorders. The number of obesity-related diabetes is predicted to reach 300 million by 2025. The term 'diabesity' was coined as a result of this strong link, therefore, weight loss is seen as a key therapeutic goal in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Also, it has weight-losing benefits which is assumed to be due to appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying. \u0000Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Liraglutide on weight management, body mass index, renal function and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic mellitus obese patients in Iraq.\u0000Methods: An open-label therapeutic trial was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 at Baquba Teaching Hospital/ Diyala. (23 males and 27 females) with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus for 2 - 4 years were included in the study. They were obese, hypertensive and dyslipidemic. They received metformin and liraglutide for 12 weeks as 0.6 mg/day during the first week, which was gradually increased to 1.2 mg and up to 1.8 mg/day according to patient tolerance and requirement for control at the beginning the study. The patients had their height as well as body weight measured, calculated, blood pressure measured and renal functions tested. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System - version 9.1). Two-way ANOVA and Least significant differences (LSD) post hoc test were performed as well as paired t-test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: Treatment with liraglutide for 12 weeks has resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, and blood pressure (P<0.05). The changes in the results of renal function test of liraglutide-treated patients were not significant.\u0000Conclusion: In obese type 2 diabetic patients, liraglutide has the potential of reducing body weight, body mass index and blood pressure. It seemed safe in terms of its systemic effects\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44042559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441983
Noor Mohammed Fadhil, R. A. Hamdi
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in females of childbearing time of life. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have a higher chance of developing complications such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Obesity is a state of extreme fat buildup which leads to the development of multiple complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes mellitus. Podocalyxin is an element of the endothelial cells plasma membranes that is widely spread, it is limited to the luminal membrane area and is irregularly located on the surface of endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Objectives: To estimate serum Podocalyxin in polycystic ovarian syndrome women and compare its level with healthy controls. Also, to find the correlation between serum Podocalyxin and anthropometrics parameters which are (body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio). Methods: This case control study included 124 women who were grouped into 2 groups: group 1 included 63 females diagnosed with PCOS (patients) and group 2 included 61 healthy women (controls). Serum podocalyxin was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and anthropometrics measures (“body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio WHR”) were done. Results: The results of this study showed significantly high mean BMI(P=0.001), WC(P=0.002) and WHR(P=0.001) in patients as compared to healthy controls. The results also showed a significant increase in mean value of serum PODXL (P=0.001) in PCOS females when compared with healthy controls. In patients group, significant positive correlations were found between serum PODXL and BMI (r=0.395, p=0.001), waist circumference (WC) (r.=0.433, p.=0.001) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (r.=0.427, p.=0.001 ). Conclusion: PCOS women have greater body mass represented by BMI, WC and WHR which reflect the risk of multiple complications like hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, PCOS women have higher serum PODXL which is considered as a marker for the vasculature thus might be a potential marker for prediction of early atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Evaluation of serum Podocalyxin in Iraqi women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","authors":"Noor Mohammed Fadhil, R. A. Hamdi","doi":"10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441983","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in females of childbearing time of life. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have a higher chance of developing complications such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Obesity is a state of extreme fat buildup which leads to the development of multiple complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and type2 diabetes mellitus. Podocalyxin is an element of the endothelial cells plasma membranes that is widely spread, it is limited to the luminal membrane area and is irregularly located on the surface of endothelial cells lining blood vessels.\u0000Objectives: To estimate serum Podocalyxin in polycystic ovarian syndrome women and compare its level with healthy controls. Also, to find the correlation between serum Podocalyxin and anthropometrics parameters which are (body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio).\u0000 Methods: This case control study included 124 women who were grouped into 2 groups: group 1 included 63 females diagnosed with PCOS (patients) and group 2 included 61 healthy women (controls). Serum podocalyxin was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and anthropometrics measures (“body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio WHR”) were done.\u0000Results: The results of this study showed significantly high mean BMI(P=0.001), WC(P=0.002) and WHR(P=0.001) in patients as compared to healthy controls. The results also showed a significant increase in mean value of serum PODXL (P=0.001) in PCOS females when compared with healthy controls. In patients group, significant positive correlations were found between serum PODXL and BMI (r=0.395, p=0.001), waist circumference (WC) (r.=0.433, p.=0.001) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (r.=0.427, p.=0.001 ).\u0000Conclusion: PCOS women have greater body mass represented by BMI, WC and WHR which reflect the risk of multiple complications like hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, PCOS women have higher serum PODXL which is considered as a marker for the vasculature thus might be a potential marker for prediction of early atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":33125,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ kly@ lTb","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44902826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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