Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000269
Amal D. Premarathna, L. Sarvananda, A. Jayasooriya, S. Amarakoon
Coral reefs being highly diverse to marine ecology, yet most of the mystery remain unsolved. Coral reefs are of ecological as well as economic importance. Corals support commercial and subsistence fisheries, tourism, and are of medicinal value. It also creates a barrier against storms, flooding, and erosion by reducing wave action. Further, Corals support the existence of nearly 4,000 species of fish, 800 species of hard corals reef and other oceanic species. They also act as carbon sinkers. Coral polyps take up dissolved CO2 in the water to make their calcareous exoskeleton allowing atmospheric CO2 levels to be reduced. People around the world depend on the coral reefs as it’s used as food, protection, provides employment and attracts tourism. They are attractive sites for recreational activities such as snorkeling and scuba diving. Furthermore, the coral reef ecosystem could represent increasingly significant sources for medical treatments, nutritional supplements, pesticides, cosmetics and other commercial products. Therefore, needs best strategies to improve to protect coral reef.
{"title":"A Review on Pathogenic Diseases on Corals Associated Risk Factors and Possible Devastation in Future in the Globe","authors":"Amal D. Premarathna, L. Sarvananda, A. Jayasooriya, S. Amarakoon","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000269","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reefs being highly diverse to marine ecology, yet most of the mystery remain unsolved. Coral reefs are of ecological as well as economic importance. Corals support commercial and subsistence fisheries, tourism, and are of medicinal value. It also creates a barrier against storms, flooding, and erosion by reducing wave action. Further, Corals support the existence of nearly 4,000 species of fish, 800 species of hard corals reef and other oceanic species. They also act as carbon sinkers. Coral polyps take up dissolved CO2 in the water to make their calcareous exoskeleton allowing atmospheric CO2 levels to be reduced. People around the world depend on the coral reefs as it’s used as food, protection, provides employment and attracts tourism. They are attractive sites for recreational activities such as snorkeling and scuba diving. Furthermore, the coral reef ecosystem could represent increasingly significant sources for medical treatments, nutritional supplements, pesticides, cosmetics and other commercial products. Therefore, needs best strategies to improve to protect coral reef.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123868904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000250
A. Hlali
This paper estimates and compares the technical efficiency of the container ports using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) models and check the role of the characteristics of infrastructure on container port efficiency. The comparisons are based on cross-sectional data for 26 world’s major container ports in 2015 using an input variables related to the characteristics of port infrastructure, such as: the total quay length (meter), the maximum alongside depth (meter), the total terminal area (square meter) and the storage capacity thousand Twenty-foot equivalent unit (thousand TEU/year). The result represents the mean DEA-SFA efficiency differential. DEA-BCC model results indicate that 16 container ports have more than 0.5 score efficiency while with the SFA models all container ports achieved score efficiency more than 0.5. The results show that SFA models improve the score technical efficiency of the container ports. The most efficient container ports in 2015 are Shanghai and Shenzhen achieved the high value technical efficiency with an undetectable difference.
{"title":"Efficiency Analysis with Different Models: The Case of Container Ports","authors":"A. Hlali","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000250","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates and compares the technical efficiency of the container ports using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) models and check the role of the characteristics of infrastructure on container port efficiency. The comparisons are based on cross-sectional data for 26 world’s major container ports in 2015 using an input variables related to the characteristics of port infrastructure, such as: the total quay length (meter), the maximum alongside depth (meter), the total terminal area (square meter) and the storage capacity thousand Twenty-foot equivalent unit (thousand TEU/year). The result represents the mean DEA-SFA efficiency differential. DEA-BCC model results indicate that 16 container ports have more than 0.5 score efficiency while with the SFA models all container ports achieved score efficiency more than 0.5. The results show that SFA models improve the score technical efficiency of the container ports. The most efficient container ports in 2015 are Shanghai and Shenzhen achieved the high value technical efficiency with an undetectable difference.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125473793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-31DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000246
P. Sunday
Water security entails having enough water in the reservoirs and rainfall, plus lakes and rivers. When this is in abundance, adverse effects of climate change such as drought and famine are mitigated. To add onto that all forms of irrigation ensure limited negative effects of climate change and vice versa. Further still when water is abundant in the ecosystem the vegetative cover remains intact much as water remains in the hydrological cycle and this prevents climate change [1,2].
{"title":"Climate: Water Security and Climate Change","authors":"P. Sunday","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000246","url":null,"abstract":"Water security entails having enough water in the reservoirs and rainfall, plus lakes and rivers. When this is in abundance, adverse effects of climate change such as drought and famine are mitigated. To add onto that all forms of irrigation ensure limited negative effects of climate change and vice versa. Further still when water is abundant in the ecosystem the vegetative cover remains intact much as water remains in the hydrological cycle and this prevents climate change [1,2].","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128487531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-07DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000245
A. Jebelli, Yagoub Mce, B. Dhillon
In this paper, the authors discuss the design and control of an autonomous underwater vehicle with vision and detection capabilities. The tasks involved the design of various mechanical parts, particularly two rotating thrusters and a mass shifter to control the device movement. Sensor boards were also embedded to share information with a Mini-PC board and thus, to assure proper operation. Control-based algorithms were developed to control the vehicle operation and assure proper responses to external commands and/or surrounding conditions.
{"title":"Design and Control of a Self-Balancing Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Vision and Detection Capabilities","authors":"A. Jebelli, Yagoub Mce, B. Dhillon","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors discuss the design and control of an autonomous underwater vehicle with vision and detection capabilities. The tasks involved the design of various mechanical parts, particularly two rotating thrusters and a mass shifter to control the device movement. Sensor boards were also embedded to share information with a Mini-PC board and thus, to assure proper operation. Control-based algorithms were developed to control the vehicle operation and assure proper responses to external commands and/or surrounding conditions.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123205118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000244
B. Levavi-Sivan, G. Degani, A. Hurvitz
In the present study, we examined the vitellogenin (Vg) level of Russian sturgeon maintained in a relatively constant aquaculture at a water temperature of 18-22°C during growth and maturation. An increase in Vg in the blood plasma from oocytes was found in the yellow oocytes stage to the gray oocytes stage. However, no Vg was found in the pre-vitellogenic stage. Based on the present study and previous studies on hormone control reproduction and growth, we proposed a quality model that correlated between egg development and the hormones involved in controlling vitelogenesis (VTL).
{"title":"Vitellogenin Level in the Plasma of Russian Sturgeon ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) Northern Israel","authors":"B. Levavi-Sivan, G. Degani, A. Hurvitz","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we examined the vitellogenin (Vg) level of Russian sturgeon maintained in a relatively constant aquaculture at a water temperature of 18-22°C during growth and maturation. \u0000An increase in Vg in the blood plasma from oocytes was found in the yellow oocytes stage to the gray oocytes stage. However, no Vg was found in the pre-vitellogenic stage. Based on the present study and previous studies on hormone control reproduction and growth, we proposed a quality model that correlated between egg development and the hormones involved in controlling vitelogenesis (VTL).","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124946504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000240
Suparna Roy, P. Anantharaman
Some seaweed has been used as an important source of commercial application of phycocolloids, agar, and alginate consequently some seaweeds have also been utilized as food and food ingredients due to their high nutritive compositions such as carbohydrates, protein, lipid, amino acids, fatty acids, fibre and minerals. In different countries, including India, seaweeds are gradually taking place as food items in the market, so their biochemical components analysis will decipher their nutritional implications. In this investigation, total 33 species of seaweeds were collected from the southeast coast of India and analyzed for their biochemical composition such as carbohydrate including glucose and starch, protein and lipid. The carbohydrate content varied from 15.20 ± 0.69 mg/gm dry weight (Padina boergesenii) to 97.69 ± 2.3 mg/gm dry wt (Gracilaria edulis). The carbohydrate content of red seaweeds was comparably higher than green and brown seaweeds. The protein content was minimum in Cystoseira indica (76.23 ± 0.21 mg/gm dry wt) and maximum in Amphiroa anceps (96.06 ± 0.95 mg/gm dry wt) and lipid content was comparatively high in Valoniopsis pachynema (82.33 ± 2.51 mg/gm dry wt) and Caulerpa racemosa (81.06 ± 0.37 mg/gm dry wt). The glucose content was high in Digenea simplex (0.78 ± 0.004 mg/gm dry wt) followed by Laurencia papillosa (0.61 ± 0.08 mg/gm dry wt) likewise starch content was also high in Digenea simplex (0.72 ± 0.01 mg/gm dry wt) and Laurencia papillosa (0.54 ± 0.00 mg/gm dry wt). From this study, it was concluded that the above mentioned seaweeds will be used as food after further more detailed analysis of the other biochemical components.
{"title":"Biochemical Compositions of Seaweeds Collected from Olaikuda and Vadakkadu, Rameshwaram, Southeast Coast of India","authors":"Suparna Roy, P. Anantharaman","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"Some seaweed has been used as an important source of commercial application of phycocolloids, agar, and alginate consequently some seaweeds have also been utilized as food and food ingredients due to their high nutritive compositions such as carbohydrates, protein, lipid, amino acids, fatty acids, fibre and minerals. In different countries, including India, seaweeds are gradually taking place as food items in the market, so their biochemical components analysis will decipher their nutritional implications. In this investigation, total 33 species of seaweeds were collected from the southeast coast of India and analyzed for their biochemical composition such as carbohydrate including glucose and starch, protein and lipid. The carbohydrate content varied from 15.20 ± 0.69 mg/gm dry weight (Padina boergesenii) to 97.69 ± 2.3 mg/gm dry wt (Gracilaria edulis). The carbohydrate content of red seaweeds was comparably higher than green and brown seaweeds. The protein content was minimum in Cystoseira indica (76.23 ± 0.21 mg/gm dry wt) and maximum in Amphiroa anceps (96.06 ± 0.95 mg/gm dry wt) and lipid content was comparatively high in Valoniopsis pachynema (82.33 ± 2.51 mg/gm dry wt) and Caulerpa racemosa (81.06 ± 0.37 mg/gm dry wt). The glucose content was high in Digenea simplex (0.78 ± 0.004 mg/gm dry wt) followed by Laurencia papillosa (0.61 ± 0.08 mg/gm dry wt) likewise starch content was also high in Digenea simplex (0.72 ± 0.01 mg/gm dry wt) and Laurencia papillosa (0.54 ± 0.00 mg/gm dry wt). From this study, it was concluded that the above mentioned seaweeds will be used as food after further more detailed analysis of the other biochemical components.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127202490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000241
P. Manivannan, G. Muralitharan
Microvirin, a mannose binding anti-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) lectin has been proved as a potent agent in combating HIV. Ligand binding residues of Microvirin was taken in to account for analysis of interfacial residues and identify surface/Buried residues based on Accessible surface area and free energy based calculations. After categorization, Comparative B factors were assessed for prediction of Rigid/Non-Rigid residues among the Ligand binding residues. Furthermore docking microvirin with glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 revealed the conserved interfacial residues in complexes and affirms the computational dissection of microvirin’s anti-HIV activity.
{"title":"Probing Potent Interfacial Residues in Microvirin before Complexationwith Glycoproteins: Visualizing Anti-HIV Activity in silico","authors":"P. Manivannan, G. Muralitharan","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"Microvirin, a mannose binding anti-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) lectin has been proved as a potent agent in combating HIV. Ligand binding residues of Microvirin was taken in to account for analysis of interfacial residues and identify surface/Buried residues based on Accessible surface area and free energy based calculations. After categorization, Comparative B factors were assessed for prediction of Rigid/Non-Rigid residues among the Ligand binding residues. Furthermore docking microvirin with glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 revealed the conserved interfacial residues in complexes and affirms the computational dissection of microvirin’s anti-HIV activity.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000239
Abdellaoui B, Berraho A, Falcini F, Santoleri Jr, S. M., P. A, Idrissi Mh, H. K
Landings of small pelagic fish in Moroccan Mediterranean Sea show large fluctuations and trends, a fact that has a considerable socio-economic impact. These changes are often related to the impact of the environmental conditions on recruitment processes. We investigate fluctuations of the sardine’s abundance at one of the most important fishing areas of the Moroccan Mediterranean Sea (i.e., Al-Hoceima region) and try to assess the impact of environmental changes on the availability of pelagic fish in this area. In these regards, we analyzed Seasonal and Trends Loess’ (STL) decomposition of time series between 2008 and 2015 of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data along with environmental parameters (i.e., sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a) from remote sensing and we applied nonlinear models (GAM). Results show an inverse relationship between fluctuations of sardine CPUE and sea surface temperature. Nonlinear relationships confirm that the temperature is the most important parameter affecting abundance, whereas chlorophyll-a, is generally, weakly correlated to the CPUE data at monthly and seasonal level variations, except for annual trends. The analysis also shows positive trend of chlorophyll-a, from 2003 and a negative one starting from 2011, revealing an inter-annual variability that support fish landings fluctuations. Modeling based on the relationships between the CPUE and temperature/chlorophyll-a, allowed better prediction of the sardine abundance in the Al-Hoceima fishing area (South Alboran Sea).
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Temperature and Chlorophyll Variations on theFluctuations of Sardine Abundance in Al-Hoceima (South Alboran Sea)","authors":"Abdellaoui B, Berraho A, Falcini F, Santoleri Jr, S. M., P. A, Idrissi Mh, H. K","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"Landings of small pelagic fish in Moroccan Mediterranean Sea show large fluctuations and trends, a fact that has a considerable socio-economic impact. These changes are often related to the impact of the environmental conditions on recruitment processes. We investigate fluctuations of the sardine’s abundance at one of the most important fishing areas of the Moroccan Mediterranean Sea (i.e., Al-Hoceima region) and try to assess the impact of environmental changes on the availability of pelagic fish in this area. In these regards, we analyzed Seasonal and Trends Loess’ (STL) decomposition of time series between 2008 and 2015 of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data along with environmental parameters (i.e., sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a) from remote sensing and we applied nonlinear models (GAM). Results show an inverse relationship between fluctuations of sardine CPUE and sea surface temperature. Nonlinear relationships confirm that the temperature is the most important parameter affecting abundance, whereas chlorophyll-a, is generally, weakly correlated to the CPUE data at monthly and seasonal level variations, except for annual trends. The analysis also shows positive trend of chlorophyll-a, from 2003 and a negative one starting from 2011, revealing an inter-annual variability that support fish landings fluctuations. Modeling based on the relationships between the CPUE and temperature/chlorophyll-a, allowed better prediction of the sardine abundance in the Al-Hoceima fishing area (South Alboran Sea).","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133621859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000238
G. Scotti, P. Consoli, V. Esposito, R. Chemello, T. Romeo, F. Andaloro
This is the first paper documenting research on a selection of marine caves located along the coast of Capo Milazzo in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Three submarine and one semi-submerged caves were surveyed and sampled using underwater photo sampling. Surveys have only taken into account the sessile species belonging to the main taxa: Porifera, Anthozoa, Bryozoa and Polychaeta. Diversity indices and abundances were calculated for three sections within each explored cave: the Entrance Zone, Intermediate Zone and Bottom Zone. The richest group was Porifera with 21 taxa, followed by cnidarians, (Anthozoa), with 8 taxa, Polychaeta (5 taxa), and Bryozoa (5 taxa). Among Porifera, the presence of Petrobiona massiliana, a protected species according to SPA/BIO Protocol and the Bern Convention, must be highlighted. The encrusting forms were dominant in the Bottom Zone, the massive forms in the Intermediate Zone and the arborescent forms in the Entrance Zone. Generally, the percentage coverage of each morphological group showed a decline in the Intermediate Zone and a general increase in the Dark Zone within each cave. The S, H’ and J values showed different trends in the five caves. These differences, also evidenced by Permanova analysis, depend on the topographic specificity of each cave which, in turn, affects the gradients of the biotic and abiotic parameters. Finally, no horizontal gradient of rarefaction of the benthic sessile fauna has been detected. This study represents an important step for the management and conservation practices of these fragile ecosystems, especially in view of the forthcoming establishment of the Marine Protected Area.
{"title":"Marine caves of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea: a First Census of Benthic Biodiversity","authors":"G. Scotti, P. Consoli, V. Esposito, R. Chemello, T. Romeo, F. Andaloro","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first paper documenting research on a selection of marine caves located along the coast of Capo Milazzo in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Three submarine and one semi-submerged caves were surveyed and sampled using underwater photo sampling. Surveys have only taken into account the sessile species belonging to the main taxa: Porifera, Anthozoa, Bryozoa and Polychaeta. Diversity indices and abundances were calculated for three sections within each explored cave: the Entrance Zone, Intermediate Zone and Bottom Zone. The richest group was Porifera with 21 taxa, followed by cnidarians, (Anthozoa), with 8 taxa, Polychaeta (5 taxa), and Bryozoa (5 taxa). Among Porifera, the presence of Petrobiona massiliana, a protected species according to SPA/BIO Protocol and the Bern Convention, must be highlighted. The encrusting forms were dominant in the Bottom Zone, the massive forms in the Intermediate Zone and the arborescent forms in the Entrance Zone. Generally, the percentage coverage of each morphological group showed a decline in the Intermediate Zone and a general increase in the Dark Zone within each cave. The S, H’ and J values showed different trends in the five caves. These differences, also evidenced by Permanova analysis, depend on the topographic specificity of each cave which, in turn, affects the gradients of the biotic and abiotic parameters. Finally, no horizontal gradient of rarefaction of the benthic sessile fauna has been detected. This study represents an important step for the management and conservation practices of these fragile ecosystems, especially in view of the forthcoming establishment of the Marine Protected Area.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125026030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-14DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000237
Yatnita Parama Cita, F. Muzaki, O. Radjasa, P. Sudarmono
The emergence of new infectious diseases, the resurgence of several infections that appeared to have been controlled, and the increase in bacterial resistance have created the necessity for studies directed towards the development of new antimicrobials; considering the failure to acquire new molecules with antimicrobial properties from marine sponges. The objective of this study was to evaluate screening of antimicrobial activity of seven sponges extract from Pasir Putih, East Java against some Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) as well as drug-resistant bacteria (S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosae) using the agar diffusion method and phytochemical screening of the extract. The findings show that the extract, Xestospongia testudinaria has a stronger antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens S. aureus, E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and bacteria resistant P. aeruginosa MDR and S. aureus MRSA compared to other sponge extract. In conclusion, the showed X. testudinaria ethanol extract was more active than other sponge extracts.
{"title":"Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Sponges Extract from Pasir Putih, East Java (Indonesia)","authors":"Yatnita Parama Cita, F. Muzaki, O. Radjasa, P. Sudarmono","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000237","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of new infectious diseases, the resurgence of several infections that appeared to have been controlled, and the increase in bacterial resistance have created the necessity for studies directed towards the development of new antimicrobials; considering the failure to acquire new molecules with antimicrobial properties from marine sponges. The objective of this study was to evaluate screening of antimicrobial activity of seven sponges extract from Pasir Putih, East Java against some Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) as well as drug-resistant bacteria (S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosae) using the agar diffusion method and phytochemical screening of the extract. The findings show that the extract, Xestospongia testudinaria has a stronger antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens S. aureus, E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and bacteria resistant P. aeruginosa MDR and S. aureus MRSA compared to other sponge extract. In conclusion, the showed X. testudinaria ethanol extract was more active than other sponge extracts.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134030908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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