Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000155
J. Alcántara-Carrió, S. Albarracín, A. FontánBouzas
{"title":"The Role of the Geological Inheritance in the Present Littoral â ShelfSedimentary Interactions","authors":"J. Alcántara-Carrió, S. Albarracín, A. FontánBouzas","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133043825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000E131
U. Kutschera
August Weismann (1834–1914) was one of the most influential experimental biologists and theorists of the 19th century (Figure 1). Although he is best known today as the founder of the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution (Weismannism) [1], the refutation of Lamarck’s idea of an “inheritance of acquired characteristics”, the concept of the mortal soma versus the potentially immortal germ line, the role of sexual reproduction with respect to the generation of variability, and the hypothesis of a “cell division limit” [2,3], his work is also relevant for marine scientists and limnologists. During his long career as a Professor at the University of Freiburg i. Br., Germany, Weismann repeatedly corrected his theories to accommodate new facts and data. Hence, he was an open-minded, non-dogmatic thinker, as well as a philosopher of science.
{"title":"From Aquatic Biology to Weismannism: Science versus Ideology","authors":"U. Kutschera","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000E131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000E131","url":null,"abstract":"August Weismann (1834–1914) was one of the most influential experimental biologists and theorists of the 19th century (Figure 1). Although he is best known today as the founder of the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution (Weismannism) [1], the refutation of Lamarck’s idea of an “inheritance of acquired characteristics”, the concept of the mortal soma versus the potentially immortal germ line, the role of sexual reproduction with respect to the generation of variability, and the hypothesis of a “cell division limit” [2,3], his work is also relevant for marine scientists and limnologists. During his long career as a Professor at the University of Freiburg i. Br., Germany, Weismann repeatedly corrected his theories to accommodate new facts and data. Hence, he was an open-minded, non-dogmatic thinker, as well as a philosopher of science.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129863653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-29DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000152
R. Ram, Roveena, A. Ch, P. Southgate
Sea cucumber harvesting, processing into beche-de-mer (BDM) and exporting had been an important marine commodity trade for over two centuries. Sea cucumber trading has also become an important export earner for the Fiji Islands and a source of income generation for coastal communities involved in this trade. This study showed that the processing techniques being utilized for BDM in Fiji have changed little since they were developed in the 1800’s. Fijian BDM (18 commercial species) is generally categorized as ‘grade B’ in Asian markets because of relatively poor product quality. The quality and value of beche-de-mer are significantly impacted by negligence during processing by sea cucumber fishers and marine products agents. The loss of value due to poor quality of the final dried product in Fiji ranges from 10% to 50%. Sea cucumber fishers in Fiji need to adopt improved processing techniques that support production of better quality product, improved yield and greater income.
{"title":"Effects of Processing Methods on the Value of Beche-de-mer from the Fiji Islands","authors":"R. Ram, Roveena, A. Ch, P. Southgate","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000152","url":null,"abstract":"Sea cucumber harvesting, processing into beche-de-mer (BDM) and exporting had been an important marine commodity trade for over two centuries. Sea cucumber trading has also become an important export earner for the Fiji Islands and a source of income generation for coastal communities involved in this trade. This study showed that the processing techniques being utilized for BDM in Fiji have changed little since they were developed in the 1800’s. Fijian BDM (18 commercial species) is generally categorized as ‘grade B’ in Asian markets because of relatively poor product quality. The quality and value of beche-de-mer are significantly impacted by negligence during processing by sea cucumber fishers and marine products agents. The loss of value due to poor quality of the final dried product in Fiji ranges from 10% to 50%. Sea cucumber fishers in Fiji need to adopt improved processing techniques that support production of better quality product, improved yield and greater income.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128627063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-29DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.S1.011
A. Moussaoui
Background: Diabetic mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with impaired glucose metabolism, which in effect alters intermediary metabolism of lipids and proteins adversely. The present study was conducted to study the anti-hyperglycemic activities of extracts of Chrysaora quinquecirrha extract in mice as well as to provide an introductory approach for the evaluation of its traditional preparation in order to scientifically validate the therapeutic preparation of this extract in the control of diabetes.
{"title":"Aggregation of variables and applications to population dynamics","authors":"A. Moussaoui","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.S1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.S1.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with impaired glucose metabolism, which in effect alters intermediary metabolism of lipids and proteins adversely. The present study was conducted to study the anti-hyperglycemic activities of extracts of Chrysaora quinquecirrha extract in mice as well as to provide an introductory approach for the evaluation of its traditional preparation in order to scientifically validate the therapeutic preparation of this extract in the control of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000154
Kefi As, Chungu Np, N. Mupenda, Mumba Cd
An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal amount of methionine that can be incorporated in the soya bean based Oreochromis andersonii feeds. Three levels (2%, 4% and 6%) of methionine included in soya bean based feed (30% and 10% crude protein and crude lipid respectively) were tested on O. andersonii for seventy eight (78) days in hapas erected in a semi–concrete pond (250 m2) arranged in a complete randomized design. Specific growth rate (SGR% day -1 ), mean body weight gain (MBWG) (g) and apparent feed conversion efficiency (AFCE %) differed (P 0.05) SGR (%), MBWG (g) and AFCE (%) but higher than the control and the lowest methionine level used in the experiment. Trend analysis showed a linear relationship (F=3.358, P=0.02) between Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and methionine level with the highest methionine level producing fish with the highest GSI. Furthermore, the highest methionine level produced a significantly higher (P 0.05) in all the treatments. It is, therefore, recommended that soya bean based feed can be fortified with 4% methionine to improve the O.andersonii growth. An economic analysis is required to ascertain the cost effectiveness of using the synthetic amino acid in soya bean fish feeds for O. andersonii.
本试验旨在确定以大豆为原料的安氏Oreochromis andersonii饲料中蛋氨酸的最佳添加量。采用完全随机设计的半混凝土池(250 m2)，在安氏沼虾上试验了大豆基饲料(粗蛋白质和粗脂肪分别为30%和10%)中蛋氨酸含量为2%、4%和6%的3个水平。特定生长率(SGR% day -1)、平均增重率(MBWG) (g)和饲料表观转化率(AFCE %)差异不显著(P 0.05)，但均高于对照组和试验中最低蛋氨酸水平。趋势分析表明，促性腺指数(GSI)与蛋氨酸水平呈线性关系(F=3.358, P=0.02)，促性腺指数(GSI)最高的鱼蛋氨酸水平最高。蛋氨酸最高水平在各处理的产量均显著高于对照组(p0.05)。因此，建议在大豆基饲料中添加4%的蛋氨酸，以促进andersoni的生长。需要进行经济分析，以确定在大豆鱼饲料中使用合成氨基酸对安德氏弧菌的成本效益。
{"title":"Is Fortification of Methionine Necessary in Soya Bean (Glycine Max) Based Feeds for Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau, 1861) Raised in Semi - Concrete Ponds?","authors":"Kefi As, Chungu Np, N. Mupenda, Mumba Cd","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal amount of methionine that can be incorporated in the soya bean based Oreochromis andersonii feeds. Three levels (2%, 4% and 6%) of methionine included in soya bean based feed (30% and 10% crude protein and crude lipid respectively) were tested on O. andersonii for seventy eight (78) days in hapas erected in a semi–concrete pond (250 m2) arranged in a complete randomized design. Specific growth rate (SGR% day -1 ), mean body weight gain (MBWG) (g) and apparent feed conversion efficiency (AFCE %) differed (P 0.05) SGR (%), MBWG (g) and AFCE (%) but higher than the control and the lowest methionine level used in the experiment. Trend analysis showed a linear relationship (F=3.358, P=0.02) between Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and methionine level with the highest methionine level producing fish with the highest GSI. Furthermore, the highest methionine level produced a significantly higher (P 0.05) in all the treatments. It is, therefore, recommended that soya bean based feed can be fortified with 4% methionine to improve the O.andersonii growth. An economic analysis is required to ascertain the cost effectiveness of using the synthetic amino acid in soya bean fish feeds for O. andersonii.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133738577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000153
R. Ram, Roveena, A. Ch, P. Southgate
The sea cucumber fishery and processing of sea cucumbers into beche-de-mer (BDM) supports livelihoods and generates significant export income in Fiji. Harvesting and processing of sea cucumbers has been done in Fiji for over two centuries and the processing technique has changed little over this time. Processing of sea cucumbers involves a number of steps: first boiling, slitting and gutting, smoke drying and sun drying. This study investigated the effects of harvesting and post-harvest handling techniques on the quality of BDM produced in Fiji and documented difficulties faced by the BDM processors in producing a good quality product. Our results show that to generate income as soon as possible, sea cucumber fishers in Fiji hastened BDM processing by eradicating or shortening necessary processing steps. This resulted in production of lower quality product with lower value and reduced acceptance. The first boiling and smoking steps of processing were particularly problematic for fishers. A well processed BDM product has good odour, appearance, shape, color and size and has moisture content appropriate for storage without spoilage. Processed BDM sold by fishers to the main exporters in Fiji were generally of low quality because of a number of consistent characteristics that greatly impacted on quality and product value. Common problems with product quality included improper cleaning, contamination with sand, peeling skin resulting from over-boiling and burning resulting from an inappropriate smoking technique. The results of our study have prompted immediate awareness and education activities for sea cucumber fishers and processors in Fiji supporting improvements in product quality and improved income from this important coastal livelihood.
{"title":"Effects of Harvest and Post-Harvest Processing Methods on Quality of Beche-de-mer in Fiji Islands","authors":"R. Ram, Roveena, A. Ch, P. Southgate","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000153","url":null,"abstract":"The sea cucumber fishery and processing of sea cucumbers into beche-de-mer (BDM) supports livelihoods and generates significant export income in Fiji. Harvesting and processing of sea cucumbers has been done in Fiji for over two centuries and the processing technique has changed little over this time. Processing of sea cucumbers involves a number of steps: first boiling, slitting and gutting, smoke drying and sun drying. This study investigated the effects of harvesting and post-harvest handling techniques on the quality of BDM produced in Fiji and documented difficulties faced by the BDM processors in producing a good quality product. Our results show that to generate income as soon as possible, sea cucumber fishers in Fiji hastened BDM processing by eradicating or shortening necessary processing steps. This resulted in production of lower quality product with lower value and reduced acceptance. The first boiling and smoking steps of processing were particularly problematic for fishers. A well processed BDM product has good odour, appearance, shape, color and size and has moisture content appropriate for storage without spoilage. Processed BDM sold by fishers to the main exporters in Fiji were generally of low quality because of a number of consistent characteristics that greatly impacted on quality and product value. Common problems with product quality included improper cleaning, contamination with sand, peeling skin resulting from over-boiling and burning resulting from an inappropriate smoking technique. The results of our study have prompted immediate awareness and education activities for sea cucumber fishers and processors in Fiji supporting improvements in product quality and improved income from this important coastal livelihood.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123447502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-12DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000151
Adami Tulu, A. Ishaque, E. Egiebor, C. Chambers, R. Jagus
Ovarian cytochrome 19A (CYP19A) expression is recognized as a useful biomarker for exposure of fish to environmental contaminants such as PAHs and PCBs. In this study, a laboratory approach using Atlantic tomcod (Microgradus tomcod) from the Hudson River was used to evaluate the additive and interactive effects of a PAH (benzo[a]pyrine) and a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242) with respect to their effects on various metrics of reproduction. The experimental design was a two-way factorial with each treatment at 0, 0.1 and 1 ppm and replicated three times. Fish embryos were subjected to a short term aqueous exposure (DMSO as vehicle) whereas larvae were exposed via repeated feedings of contaminated prey (Artemia). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression level of the ovarian aromatase CYP19A as a biomarker to assess reproductive stress in Microgadus tomcod. When tested alone, expression of aromatase CYP19A was significantly up regulated at the higher level of PCBs but no effect was observed from benzo-a-pyrene (B[a]P). In the PCB/PAH combined treatment, both low-PCB with both low/high levels of PAH and high-PCB with both low/high levels of PAH treatment groups had no significant effect on aromatase CYP19A transcript levels compared with the control group. Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of reproductively mature females showed that only the high-PCB treatment group exhibited significant gonadal loss. The results confirm the expectation that transcription of both PCB and PAH responsive genes are upregulated since they both exert their toxic effects through the aryl hydrocarbons receptor (AHR) pathway
{"title":"Separate and Joint Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) on Aromatase CYP19A TranscriptionLevel in Atlantic Tomcod (Microgradus tomcod)","authors":"Adami Tulu, A. Ishaque, E. Egiebor, C. Chambers, R. Jagus","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cytochrome 19A (CYP19A) expression is recognized as a useful biomarker for exposure of fish to environmental contaminants such as PAHs and PCBs. In this study, a laboratory approach using Atlantic tomcod (Microgradus tomcod) from the Hudson River was used to evaluate the additive and interactive effects of a PAH (benzo[a]pyrine) and a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242) with respect to their effects on various metrics of reproduction. The experimental design was a two-way factorial with each treatment at 0, 0.1 and 1 ppm and replicated three times. Fish embryos were subjected to a short term aqueous exposure (DMSO as vehicle) whereas larvae were exposed via repeated feedings of contaminated prey (Artemia). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression level of the ovarian aromatase CYP19A as a biomarker to assess reproductive stress in Microgadus tomcod. When tested alone, expression of aromatase CYP19A was significantly up regulated at the higher level of PCBs but no effect was observed from benzo-a-pyrene (B[a]P). In the PCB/PAH combined treatment, both low-PCB with both low/high levels of PAH and high-PCB with both low/high levels of PAH treatment groups had no significant effect on aromatase CYP19A transcript levels compared with the control group. Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of reproductively mature females showed that only the high-PCB treatment group exhibited significant gonadal loss. The results confirm the expectation that transcription of both PCB and PAH responsive genes are upregulated since they both exert their toxic effects through the aryl hydrocarbons receptor (AHR) pathway","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116689596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000150
Abdolah Raeisi Sarasiab, Zohreh Mirsalari, M. Hosseini
Distribution and seasonal variation of heavy metals copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were measured in the surface sediments samples taken from Arvand river in the northeast Persian Gulf. Concentration of heavy metals varied depending on different season and sampling sites. The concentration order of heavy metals in sediment were Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd > Hg. There was significant difference (p organic matter > easily and exchangeable > acid reduction. Igeo values calculated for Cu (4.5) and Ni (3.6) showed higher values in the July month in the upstream region of the river than in the other seasons. BAFs of Ni were extremely higher than other metals followed by Cu, Co, Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively. These results indicate that Ni and Cu are more easily available than other elements. The analysed heavy metals were found in sediment samples at mean concentration in the sediment quality guideline proposed by NOAA and ROPME, except for Ni concentration in some cases.
测定了波斯湾东北部Arvand河表层沉积物中重金属铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、镉(Cd)、钴(Co)、铅(Pb)和汞(Hg)的分布和季节变化。重金属浓度随季节和采样地点的不同而变化。沉积物中重金属的浓度顺序为Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd > Hg, p有机质>易交换性>酸还原性。Cu(4.5)和Ni(3.6)的Igeo值在河流上游7月高于其他季节。Ni的BAFs显著高于其他金属，其次是Cu、Co、Pb、Cd和Hg。这些结果表明，Ni和Cu比其他元素更容易获得。所分析的重金属在沉积物样品中的浓度均符合NOAA和ROPME提出的沉积物质量指南中的平均浓度，但在某些情况下镍的浓度除外。
{"title":"Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metal in Surface Sediments from Arvand River, Persian Gulf","authors":"Abdolah Raeisi Sarasiab, Zohreh Mirsalari, M. Hosseini","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000150","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution and seasonal variation of heavy metals copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were measured in the surface sediments samples taken from Arvand river in the northeast Persian Gulf. Concentration of heavy metals varied depending on different season and sampling sites. The concentration order of heavy metals in sediment were Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd > Hg. There was significant difference (p organic matter > easily and exchangeable > acid reduction. Igeo values calculated for Cu (4.5) and Ni (3.6) showed higher values in the July month in the upstream region of the river than in the other seasons. BAFs of Ni were extremely higher than other metals followed by Cu, Co, Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively. These results indicate that Ni and Cu are more easily available than other elements. The analysed heavy metals were found in sediment samples at mean concentration in the sediment quality guideline proposed by NOAA and ROPME, except for Ni concentration in some cases.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-29DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000149
M. Hosseini, J. Pazooki, M. Safaei
Size at maturity, sex ratio and variant morphometrics of blue swimming crab Portunus segnis was studied for one year along the Persian Gulf coasts, Iran. Sex ratio during a year of study was M:F=0.92:1 which should be the relative frequency of females. Male blue crabs have a V-shaped abdomen and female have an abdomen broad and rounded. The carapace width/length- weight relationship was studied in both sexes of crab. The allometric relationships between the characters of this set suggest that most relationships are positive and highly significant. An analysis of covariance indicates that there is a significant difference between sexes with respect to the carapace width-weight relationship. The crab’s carapace widths ranged were from 75 to175 mm for males and 70 to170 mm for females. The crab’s carapace lengths were from 35 to 80 mm for male and 30 to 80 mm for female. The results of this study show that at the same size, weight and the parameters of carapace length and carapace width male of Portunus segnis are higher than females in Persian Gulf coasts.
{"title":"Size at Maturity, Sex Ratio and Variant Morphometrics of Blue SwimmingCrab Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) from Boushehr Coast (Persian Gulf)","authors":"M. Hosseini, J. Pazooki, M. Safaei","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000149","url":null,"abstract":"Size at maturity, sex ratio and variant morphometrics of blue swimming crab Portunus segnis was studied for one year along the Persian Gulf coasts, Iran. Sex ratio during a year of study was M:F=0.92:1 which should be the relative frequency of females. Male blue crabs have a V-shaped abdomen and female have an abdomen broad and rounded. The carapace width/length- weight relationship was studied in both sexes of crab. The allometric relationships between the characters of this set suggest that most relationships are positive and highly significant. An analysis of covariance indicates that there is a significant difference between sexes with respect to the carapace width-weight relationship. The crab’s carapace widths ranged were from 75 to175 mm for males and 70 to170 mm for females. The crab’s carapace lengths were from 35 to 80 mm for male and 30 to 80 mm for female. The results of this study show that at the same size, weight and the parameters of carapace length and carapace width male of Portunus segnis are higher than females in Persian Gulf coasts.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114132354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000E130
P. F. Lopes
In its most accepted definition, scientific paradigms are “universally recognized scientific achievements that, for a time, provide model problems and solutions for a community of practitioners.” [1]. A major feature of paradigms is that they are not fixed, and instead, they face shifts, which implies changing methods, goals, and the patterns of research. Once these paradigms change, one cannot go back to old methods and beliefs.
{"title":"Speaking of Paradigms: The Open Access Model and Developing Countries","authors":"P. F. Lopes","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000E130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000E130","url":null,"abstract":"In its most accepted definition, scientific paradigms are “universally recognized scientific achievements that, for a time, provide model problems and solutions for a community of practitioners.” [1]. A major feature of paradigms is that they are not fixed, and instead, they face shifts, which implies changing methods, goals, and the patterns of research. Once these paradigms change, one cannot go back to old methods and beliefs.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125797986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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